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Wagener MG, Kornblum M, Kiene F, Ganter M, Teichmann U. Hematologic parameters in female alpacas during age progression: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:492. [PMID: 38177225 PMCID: PMC10767090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpacas, like all camelids, have elliptical red blood cells (RBCs) in contrast to other mammals. This particular shape is important for increased osmotic resistance and stability. Age-related changes in the RBC count are known in other species, with alterations in both red and white blood cells being described. In alpacas, there are few data on age-related changes, and only a comparison of crias with adult animals. We characterized age-related hematologic changes in a study of 21 female alpacas from a research herd. A total of 87 records of clinically healthy alpacas of different ages were statistically analyzed retrospectively from the hematologic records over a nine-year period. Significant positive correlations of age with hemoglobin (Hb), HCT, MCV, MCH, neutrophils, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were found as well as significant negative correlations of age with lymphocytes in addition to lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). A paired comparison of eight older animals in the herd at three different ages also showed significant differences in the parameters Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils. Similar changes in hematologic parameters have been reported in other species and should be taken into account when interpreting hematologic results in alpacas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gerhard Wagener
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Max Kornblum
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederik Kiene
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Teichmann
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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de Marcos Carpio I, Sanghani-Kerai A, Solano MA, Blunn G, Jifcovici A, Fitzpatrick N. Clinical Cohort Study in Canine Patients, to Determine the Average Platelet and White Blood Cell Number and Its Correlation with Patient's Age, Weight, Breed and Gender: 92 Cases (2019-2020). Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110262. [PMID: 34822635 PMCID: PMC8625712 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its easy preparation and that it is well tolerated, the use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become increasingly popular in regenerative medicine. However, there are still no clear guidelines on how it should be classified or whether the individual canine patient’s clinical status can influence its quality. Objective: This study aims to show if the weight, age, sex, neutered status or breed of canine patients have any correlation with the composition of PRP. Design: A blinded count of the platelets and white blood cells (WBC) was performed from 111 samples from 92 client owned dogs undergoing treatment for degenerative joint disease (DJD). The results were analysed using Pearson correlation test, ANOVA test or Student T-test. Results: There is a positive correlation between the number of platelets and WBC in canine patients of different breeds, but there was no significant difference on the platelet number and WBC number among the different breeds. The weight of the patient is also directly correlated to the platelet number (p = 0.003) but not WBC number. WBC number was negatively correlated to the weight of the patient. The sex and age of the patient did not affect platelets and WBC number, although WBC number is increased in non-neutered male population (p = 0.003). However, it would be interesting to investigate whether the growth factors released from the platelet granules are affected by patient variables in a canine population. Conclusions: Our results show that it is possible to obtain good quality autologous PRP, irrespective of age, sex, neutered status or weight of the patient, for PRP regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Marcos Carpio
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (A.J.); (N.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.d.M.C.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Anita Sanghani-Kerai
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (A.J.); (N.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.d.M.C.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Miguel A. Solano
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (A.J.); (N.F.)
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | | | - Noel Fitzpatrick
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (A.J.); (N.F.)
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Alshinnawy AS, El-Sayed WM, Sayed AA, Salem AM, Taha AM. Telomerase activator-65 and pomegranate peel improved the health status of the liver in aged rats; multi-targets involved. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:842-850. [PMID: 34630962 PMCID: PMC8487600 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56670.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of telomerase activator-65 (Ta-65) and pomegranate peel against aging-induced deteriorations in the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: control, aged, aged rats treated with Ta-65, and pomegranate orally for two months. RESULTS Aging significantly increased the serum levels of total protein, globulins, and protein carbonyl and reduced the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). It also elevated the hepatic malondialdehyde and decreased the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. Aging elevated the expression of thioredoxin reductase1, telomerase reverse transcriptase, and cytochrome 3a1 in the liver; it increased the p53 protein level and elevated the activity of caspase-3 in the liver indicating the occurrence of apoptosis. The architecture of the liver deteriorated in the aged rats, as shown by both light and electron microscopy examinations. The liver of the aged rats had many apoptotic hepatocytes with shrunken nuclei. Many hepatocytes had dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, many lysosomes, and many fat droplets. Administration of Ta-65 and pomegranate to the aged rats normalized most of the previous biochemical parameters and improved the liver architecture. CONCLUSION Ta-65 and pomegranate have anti-aging activity through targeting multiple cellular pathways. It is also noteworthy that Ta-65 was superior to pomegranate in its alleviative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wael Mohamed El-Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
| | - Ahmed AbdelAziz Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
- Children's Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
| | - AlShaimaa Mohamed Taha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. 11566
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Kroll FSA, Putarov TC, Zaine L, Venturini KS, Aoki CG, Santos JPF, Pedrinelli V, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA, Carciofi AC. Active fractions of mannoproteins derived from yeast cell wall stimulate innate and acquired immunity of adult and elderly dogs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020; 261:114392. [PMID: 32288071 PMCID: PMC7126846 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging can promote changes in the immune system in dogs. Nutritional intervention in older dogs aims to increase lifespan. The yeast cell wall comprises β-(1,3)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-D-glucan and mannoproteins. Elderly dogs when compared to adult dogs had lower absolute T and B lymphocyte counts. Mannoproteins stimulated acquired and innate immune responses in adult and elderly dogs.
Nutritional intervention in older dogs aims to increase lifespan and improve life quality as well as delay the development of diseases related to ageing. It is believed that active fractions of mannoproteins (AFMs) obtained through extraction and fractionation of yeast cell walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) may beneficially modulate the immune system. However, studies that have evaluated this component and the effects of ageing on the immune system of dogs are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological effects of AFMs in adult and elderly dogs. Three extruded iso-nutrient experimental diets were formulated: without addition of AFM (T0); with AFM at 400 mg/kg (T400); and with AFM at 800 mg/kg (T800). Thirty-six beagle dogs were used, and six experimental treatments, resulting in combinations of age (adult and elderly) and diet (T0, T400, and T800), were evaluated. On days zero, 14, and 28, blood samples were obtained for leucocyte phenotyping and phagocytosis assays. On days zero and 28, a lymphoproliferation test, quantification of reactive oxygen (H2O2) and nitrogen (NO) intermediate production, evaluation of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, and a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test (DCHT) were performed. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software. Repeated measure variance analyses were performed, and means were compared by the Tukey test. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant, and values of P ≤ 0.10 were considered tendencies. Dogs fed T400 tended to have higher neutrophilic phagocytic activity than dogs fed T800 (P = 0.073). Regarding reactive oxygen intermediates, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils from animals that were fed T400 had a tendency to produce more H2O2 than those from animals fed the control diet (P = 0.093). Elderly dogs, when compared to adult dogs, had lower absolute T and B lymphocyte counts, lower auxiliary T lymphocyte counts, and higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05). A significant effect of diet, age, and time with saline inoculation was noted for the DCHT. There was no effect of diet or age on faecal IgA content in dogs. This study suggests beneficial effects of mannoproteins on the specific and nonspecific immune responses in adult and elderly dogs.
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Key Words
- AFM, active fraction of mannoproteins
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- Ageing
- CBC, complete blood count
- CD21+, B lymphocyte
- CD4+, auxiliary T lymphocyte
- CD5+, total T lymphocyte
- CD8+, cytotoxic lymphocyte
- CO, cells only
- Canine
- DCHT, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test
- FOSs, fructooligosaccharides
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- IL-12, interleukin 12
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- Immunosenescence
- LPS, bacterial lipopolysaccharide
- MOSs, mannanoligosaccharides
- NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NO, nitrogen monoxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- OD, optical density
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Senescence
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- Th1, helper T lymphocyte
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Affiliation(s)
- F S A Kroll
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - T C Putarov
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - L Zaine
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - K S Venturini
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - C G Aoki
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - J P F Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - V Pedrinelli
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T H A Vendramini
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - M A Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - A C Carciofi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Oxidative Stress and Nutraceuticals in the Modulation of the Immune Function: Current Knowledge in Animals of Veterinary Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010028. [PMID: 30669304 PMCID: PMC6356544 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the veterinary sector, many papers deal with the relationships between inflammation and oxidative stress. However, few studies investigate the mechanisms of action of oxidised molecules in the regulation of immune cells. Thus, authors often assume that these events, sometime leading to oxidative stress, are conserved among species. The aim of this review is to draw the state-of-the-art of the current knowledge about the role of oxidised molecules and dietary antioxidant compounds in the regulation of the immune cell functions and suggest some perspectives for future investigations in animals of veterinary interest.
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Withers SS, Moore PF, Chang H, Choi JW, McSorley SJ, Kent MS, Monjazeb AM, Canter RJ, Murphy WJ, Sparger EE, Rebhun RB. Multi-color flow cytometry for evaluating age-related changes in memory lymphocyte subsets in dogs. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 87:64-74. [PMID: 29859828 PMCID: PMC6197816 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While dogs are increasingly being utilized as large-animal models of disease, important features of age-related immunosenescence in the dog have yet to be evaluated due to the lack of defined naïve vs. memory T lymphocyte phenotypes. We therefore performed multi-color flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young and aged beagles, and determined the differential cytokine production by proposed memory subsets. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in aged dogs displayed increased cytokine production, and decreased proliferative capacity. Antibodies targeting CD45RA and CD62L, but less so CD28 or CD44, defined canine cells that consistently exhibited properties of naïve-, central memory-, effector memory-, and terminal effector-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets. Older dogs demonstrated decreased frequencies of naïve-like CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and an increased frequency of terminal effector-like CD8+ T lymphocytes. Overall findings revealed that aged dogs displayed features of immunosenescence similar to those reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sita S Withers
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hong Chang
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jin W Choi
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, County Road 98 & Hutchison Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 4501 X Street, G-140, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95716, USA
| | - Ellen E Sparger
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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