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Sharma NS, Gupta VK, Dauer P, Kesh K, Hadad R, Giri B, Chandra A, Dudeja V, Slawson C, Banerjee S, Vickers SM, Saluja A, Banerjee S. O-GlcNAc modification of Sox2 regulates self-renewal in pancreatic cancer by promoting its stability. Theranostics 2019; 9:3410-3424. [PMID: 31281487 PMCID: PMC6587167 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) claims more than 90% of the patients diagnosed with the disease owing to its aggressive biology that is manifested by high rate of tumor recurrence. Aberrant upregulation in the transcriptional activity of proteins involved in self-renewal like Sox2, Oct4 and Nanog is instrumental in these recurrence phenomena. In cancer, Sox2 is aberrantly "turned-on" leading to activation of downstream genes those results in relapse of the tumor. Molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of Sox2 in PDAC are not known. In the current study, we have studied the how glycosylation of Sox2 by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can affect its transcriptional activity and thus regulate self-renewal in cancer. Methods: RNA-Seq analysis of CRISPR-OGTi PDAC cells indicated a deregulation of differentiation and self-renewal pathways in PDAC. Pancreatic tumor burden following inhibition of OGT in vivo was done by using small molecule inhibitor, OSMI, on subcutaneous implantation of PDAC cells. Sox2 activity assay was performed by Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay kit. Results: Our study shows for the first time that in PDAC, glycosylation of Sox2 by OGT stabilizes it in the nucleus. Site directed mutagenesis of this site (S246A) prevents this modification. We further show that inhibition of OGT delayed initiation of pancreatic tumors by inhibition of Sox2. We also show that targeting OGT in vivo with a small molecule-inhibitor OSMI, results in decreased tumor burden in PDAC. Conclusion: Understanding this mechanism of SOX2 regulation by its glycosylation is expected to pave the way for development of novel therapy that has the potential to eradicate the cells responsible for tumor-recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia Dauer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Kousik Kesh
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Roey Hadad
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Bhuwan Giri
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Chad Slawson
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Santanu Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Selwyn M Vickers
- School of Medicine Dean's Office, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ashok Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
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Feng X, Zhang W, Yin W, Kang YJ. The involvement of mitochondrial fission in maintenance of the stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:64-72. [PMID: 30614257 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218821063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT How to maintain the stemness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cultures is a long-standing question. The present study found that mitochondrial dynamics affects the stemness of BMSCs in cultures and the retaining of mitochondrial fission enhances the stemness of BMSCs. This work thus provides a novel insight into strategic approaches to maintain the stemness of BMSCs in cultures in relation to the clinical application of bone-marrow stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Feng
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,2 Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wen Yin
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y James Kang
- 1 Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China.,2 Memphis Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Loureiro R, Mesquita KA, Magalhães-Novais S, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Mitochondrial biology in cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 47:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Energy Metabolism Plays a Critical Role in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:253. [PMID: 26901195 PMCID: PMC4783982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stem cells gradually turned to be critical players in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. Current evidence has demonstrated that in addition to growth factors and the extracellular matrix, multiple metabolic pathways definitively provide important signals for stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we mainly focus on a detailed overview of stem cell metabolism in vitro. In stem cell metabolic biology, the dynamic balance of each type of stem cell can vary according to the properties of each cell type, and they share some common points. Clearly defining the metabolic flux alterations in stem cells may help to shed light on stemness features and differentiation pathways that control the fate of stem cells.
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