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Shukla D, Bhola ND, Bhola RD, Nimje AM. Efficacy of Preoperative Piroxicam, Diclofenac, Paracetamol With Tramadol and Placebo Tablets for Relief of Postoperative Pain After the Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Cureus 2022; 14:e26839. [PMID: 35974862 PMCID: PMC9375129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim We aimed to analyze the influence of preoperative piroxicam, diclofenac, paracetamol, tramadol, and placebo tablets as measured in the time required for rescue analgesia for postoperative pain relief after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Materials & methods Forty-four patients who needed extraction of impacted mandibular third molar were arbitrarily categorized into four groups namely, piroxicam, diclofenac, paracetamol with tramadol, and placebo. The test medicine was given one hour preoperatively before the surgical removal. The pain was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS) scores preoperatively and at the third and 24th hours. The time required for escape analgesia was measured. Results The mean VAS and VRS scores showed significant differences across the groups after 24 hours. The mean score was lowest for the patients taking piroxicam (1.30+1.95) and highest for patients taking tramadol + paracetamol (4.50+2.59). As far as escape analgesia is concerned piroxicam group was by far superior. Conclusion The pain scores and the rescue analgesic requirement suggested that piroxicam analgesic significantly reduced pain; moreover, it is a safe as well as an efficacious substitute to the conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for mandibular third molar impactions.
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2
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Vanillin containing 9H-fluoren sulfone scaffolds: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Kalari S, Shinde AU, Rode HB. Methylene-Tethered Arylsulfonation and Benzotriazolation of Aryl/Heteroaryl C-H Bonds with DMSO as a One-Carbon Surrogate. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17684-17695. [PMID: 34851649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Selectfluor-mediated approach toward the synthesis of methylene-tethered arylsulfonation and benzotriazolation of imidazopyridines has been described. The reaction involves imidazopyridine, aryl sulfinate, or benzotriazole and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of Selectfluor, where DMSO acts as a one-carbon synthon. The protocol has been extended to the methylene-tethered arylsulfonation and benzotriazolation of β-naphthols. The mechanistic insights show that the intermediate 3-((methylthio)methyl)-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is generated from imidazopyridine, DMSO, and Selectfluor. The nucleophilic displacement by the aryl sulfinate salt or benzotriazole on the intermediate afforded the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saradhi Kalari
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Akash U Shinde
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Haridas B Rode
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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Mane V, Sivanandan ST, Santana RG, Beatriz A, da Silva Júnior EN, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of Densely Substituted Sulfonylfurans and Dihydrofurans via Cascade Reactions of α-Functionalized Nitroalkenes with β-Ketosulfones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8825-8843. [PMID: 32522002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of β-ketosulfones with different α-functionalized nitroalkenes affords diversely substituted sulfonylfurans and dihydrofurans. Furthermore, β-ketosulfones react with α-bromonitroalkenes and α-hydrazinonitroalkenes via a cascade Michael addition-cyclization protocol to afford nitrodihydrofurans and hydrazinodihydrofurans, respectively, bearing a key sulfonyl group, in excellent yields with a broad substrate scope. Application of these products has been demonstrated by the synthesis of pyrroles and pyrazoles in good yields. The reaction of β-ketosulfones with nitroallylic acetates yields tetrasubstituted sulfonyl furans through a cascade SN2'-intramolecular Michael reaction, followed by aromatization. The gram-scale synthesis of a representative example of sulfonylfurans was carried out to demonstrate the synthetic efficiency of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaijinath Mane
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Sudheesh T Sivanandan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Rafael G Santana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India.,Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil.,Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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Solaimalai R, Shinde G, Dharamsi A, Kokare C. Exploring the novel green eutectic solvent for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl- N-2-pyridinyl-2 H-1,2,-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide with benzoic acid cocrystal using a co-grinding technique. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03570j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the suitability of a green eutectic solvent, a mixture of menthol and camphor for cocrystal synthesis has been investigated to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Solaimalai
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy
- Parul University
- Vadodara-391760
- India
| | | | - Abhay Dharamsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Parul Institute of Pharmacy
- Parul University
- Vadodara-391760
- India
| | - Chandrakant Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy
- Pune-411041
- India
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Mostafa GAE, Al-Dosseri AS, Al-Badr AA. Piroxicam. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2019; 45:199-474. [PMID: 32164968 DOI: 10.1016/bs.podrm.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive profile of piroxicam including the nomenclatures, formulae, elemental composition, appearance, uses and applications. The methods which were utilized for the preparation of the drug substance and their respective schemes are outlined. The physical characteristics of the drug including the ionization constant, solubility, x-ray powder diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal behavior and spectroscopic studies are described. The methods which were used for the analysis of the drug substance in bulk drug and/or in pharmaceutical formulations including the compendial, spectrophotometric, electrochemical and the chromatographic methods are reported. The stability, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, drug evaluation, comparison, in addition to compiled reviews on the drug substance are involved. Finally, more than four hundred and fifty references are listed at the end of this profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al-Dosseri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Badr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tong W, Li QY, Xu YL, Wang HS, Chen YY, Pan YM. An Unexpected Domino Reaction of β-Keto Sulfones with Acetylene Ketones Promoted by Base: Facile Synthesis of 3(2H
)-Furanones and Sulfonylbenzenes. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Guilin Medical University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy; Guilin Medical University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University; Guilin 541004 People's Republic of China
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Sauer RS, Rittner HL, Roewer N, Sohajda T, Shityakov S, Brack A, Broscheit JA. A Novel Approach for the Control of Inflammatory Pain: Prostaglandin E2 Complexation by Randomly Methylated β-Cyclodextrins. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:675-685. [PMID: 27930390 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, which block the formation of prostaglandin (PG) E2, are the standard treatment of inflammatory pain. These drugs, however, have serious gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiovascular side effects that limit their clinical use. Cyclodextrins are neutral glucose oligomers that form a hydrophilic outer and a hydrophobic interior cavity used to carry hydrophilic substances. Methyl-β-cyclodextrins are used currently in several drugs as enhancers and also to deliver PGs. We therefore hypothesized that randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins (RAMEB) could be used for pain treatment. METHODS An in silico screening for important inflammatory mediators (eg, PGE2, substance P, bradykinin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide) was performed to predict the probability of these molecules binding to RAMEB. Thereafter, a comprehensive in vitro study investigated the complexation affinity of the best target toward RAMEB or its RAMEB-fraction L (FL) using capillary electrophoresis.Wistar rats were injected intraplantarly with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) for 96 hours to induce inflammatory hyperalgesia. Subsequently, rats were treated intraplantarly or intravenously either with RAMEB or RAMEB FL and compared with the respective controls. Parecoxib was used as positive control. Mechanical (paw pressure threshold, PPT) and thermal (paw withdrawal latency) nociceptive thresholds were determined before injection and at the indicated time points thereafter. Paw tissue was collected after treatments, and PGE2 and PGD2 contents were measured. Analysis of variance was used for data analysis followed by appropriate post hoc comparisons. RESULTS In silico screening indicated that PGE2, with the highest affinity, was the best candidate for RAMEB binding. Likewise, in capillary electrophoresis experiments, RAMEB had a high affinity to form inclusion complexes with the PGE2 (stability constant [K], 360 1/M; 95% confidence interval [C]: 347.58-372.42 M). Local treatment with RAMEB alleviated CFA-induced mechanical (PPT: 76.25 g; 95% CI: 56.24-96.25 g) and thermal hyperalgesia (PPT: 8.50 seconds; 95% CI: 6.76-10.23 seconds). Moreover, a systemic administration of RAMEB decreased CFA-induced mechanical (PPT: 126.66 g; 95% CI: 114.54-138.77 g) and thermal hyperalgesia (paw withdrawal latency: 11.47 seconds; 95% CI: 9.26-13.68 seconds). RAMEB FL resulted in greater in vitro PGE2-binding capacity and decreased PG content as well as hyperalgesia in vivo to a similar extent. Motor activity of the rats was not altered by RAMEB or RAMEB FL. CONCLUSIONS Capture of PGs by cyclodextrins could be a novel and innovative tool for the treatment of inflammatory pain and bypassing some unwanted side effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine-Solange Sauer
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Wüerzburg, Wüerzburg, Germany; and †Cyclolab Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Gilani S, Mir S, Masood M, Khan AK, Rashid R, Azhar S, Rasul A, Ashraf MN, Waqas MK, Murtaza G. Triple-component nanocomposite films prepared using a casting method: Its potential in drug delivery. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:887-902. [PMID: 29567261 PMCID: PMC9322216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to fabricate a triple-component nanocomposite system consisting of chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and drug for assessing the application of chitosan–PEG nanocomposites in drug delivery and also to assess the effect of different molecular weights of PEG on nanocomposite characteristics. The casting/solvent evaporation method was used to prepare chitosan–PEG nanocomposite films incorporating piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin. In order to characterize the morphology and structure of nanocomposites, X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy were used. Drug content uniformity test, swelling studies, water content, erosion studies, dissolution studies, and anti-inflammatory activity were also performed. The permeation studies across rat skin were also performed on nanocomposite films using Franz diffusion cell. The release behavior of films was found to be sensitive to pH and ionic strength of release medium. The maximum swelling ratio and water content was found in HCl buffer pH 1.2 as compared to acetate buffer of pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The release rate constants obtained from kinetic modeling and flux values of ex vivo permeation studies showed that release of piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin increased with an increase in concentration of PEG. The formulation F10 containing 75% concentration of PEG showed the highest swelling ratio (3.42 ± 0.02) in HCl buffer pH 1.2, water content (47.89 ± 1.53%) in HCl buffer pH 1.2, maximum cumulative drug permeation through rat skin (2405.15 ± 10.97 μg/cm2) in phosphate buffer pH 7.4, and in vitro drug release (35.51 ± 0.26%) in sequential pH change mediums, and showed a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher anti-inflammatory effect (0.4 cm). It can be concluded from the results that film composition had a particular impact on drug release properties. The different molecular weights of PEG have a strong influence on swelling, drug release, and permeation rate. The developed films can act as successful drug delivery approach for localized drug delivery through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Gilani
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadullah Mir
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Momina Masood
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Kalsoom Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Azhar
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khurram Waqas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Saraiva MT, Costa GP, Seus N, Schumacher RF, Perin G, Paixão MW, Luque R, Alves D. Room-Temperature Organocatalytic Cycloaddition of Azides with β-Keto Sulfones: Toward Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Org Lett 2015; 17:6206-9. [PMID: 26632867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalytic enamine-azide [3 + 2] cycloadditions between β-keto sulfones and aryl azides can be performed at room temperature in good to excellent yields of products in the presence of catalytic amounts of pyrrolidine (5 mol %). The proposed organocatalytic methodology was found to be applicable to β-keto arylsulfones containing a range of substituents. A wide variety of aryl azides also work. Basically, this constitutes a remarkably efficient protocol for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara T Saraiva
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Costa
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Seus
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo F Schumacher
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Laboratório de Síntese de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba , Campus de Rabanales, Cordoba 5016, Spain
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel , P.O. Box 354, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Salem ME, Ahmed AA, Shaaban MR, Shibl MF, Farag AM. Regioselective synthesis and ab initio calculations of fused heterocycles thermally and under microwave irradiation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 148:175-183. [PMID: 25879987 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, and pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole, pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole ring systems incorporating phenylsulfonyl moiety were synthesized via the reaction of 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-2-(phenylsulfonyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives with the appropriate aminoazoles as 1,3-binucleophiles and 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylacetonitrile using conventional methods as well as microwave irradiation. The regioselectivity of the cyclocondensation reactions was confirmed both experimentally by alternative synthesis of reaction products and theoretically using ab initio quantum chemical calculations namely the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The theoretical work was carried out using the Becke, three parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr hybrid functional (B3LYP) combined with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. It was found that the final cyclocondensation reaction product depends mainly on the initial addition to the activated double bond by the nitrogen atom of the 1,3-binucleophiles that has the higher electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ashour A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Institute of Physics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; Steinbeis GmbH & Co. KG für Technologietransfer, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed R Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukkarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Shibl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad M Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Brito RG, Araújo AAS, Quintans JSS, Sluka KA, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Enhanced analgesic activity by cyclodextrins - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1677-88. [PMID: 26159048 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1046835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analgesics can be ineffective in treating some types of pain, hence, improved drug delivery systems could optimize their efficacy. AREA COVERED The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the analgesic activity of compounds complexed in cyclodextrins, analyzing whether these complexes improved analgesic efficacy. The search terms 'analgesics', 'cyclodextrins' and 'drug effects' were used to retrieve articles in SCOPUS, PUBMED and EMBASE. A total of 22 papers were identified. In the clinical studies, there was greater efficacy in the complexed drug when compared with control groups, with differences ranging from 25 to 83%. Through a meta-analysis, the preclinical studies showed that the complexed drug had a significantly (p < 0.01) greater effect than the non-complexed drug. EXPERT OPINION The use of cyclodextrins can improve the efficacy of analgesic compounds, and they are an important tool in the search for greater analgesic effect. They may also be a way to reduce the therapeutic doses, and hence increasing the potential of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan G Brito
- a 1 Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Physiology , São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil +55 79 2105 6640 ; ; .,b 2 University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- c 3 Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Pharmacy , São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- a 1 Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Physiology , São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil +55 79 2105 6640 ; ;
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- b 2 University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- a 1 Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Physiology , São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil +55 79 2105 6640 ; ; .,b 2 University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science , Iowa City, IA, USA
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Lee SS, Park S, Kim JY, Kim HR, Lee S, Oh HB. Infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) studies of protonated permethylated β-cyclodextrin-water non-covalent complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:8376-83. [PMID: 24658048 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation results for the protonated permethylated β-cyclodextrin (CD)-water non-covalent complex, the simplest β-CD non-covalent complex, in the gas-phase. The IRMPD spectrum in the region 2700-3750 cm(-1) consisted of three strong peaks at 3096, 3315, and 3490 cm(-1). These spectral features in the experimental IRMPD spectrum were compared with a large set of infrared absorption spectra predicted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the protonated β-CD-water complex. Complex III (see ), in which the water molecule (at the primary rim) and the proton (at the secondary rim) were separated, was found to suitably reflect the main spectral characteristics found in the experimental IRMPD spectrum. The absence of the homodromic hydrogen bond ring, due to replacement of hydroxyl groups with methoxy groups in permethylated β-CD, rendered the primary rim open compared with the unmodified β-CD 'one-gate-closed' lowest energy conformer. This study demonstrates that IRMPD studies combined with DFT theoretical calculations can be a good method for studying molecular interactions of large host-guest pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sik Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea.
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Mazumder MK, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 by Piroxicam confer neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia: An in silico evaluation of the hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:697-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Mady MF, Awad GEA, Jørgensen KB. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazoles coupled diaryl sulfone moieties by the CuAAC reaction, and biological evaluation of them as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:433-43. [PMID: 25038485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazoles coupled diaryl sulfone containing compounds were synthesized by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in benign solvents under ultrasound irradiation. In situ formation of azides from α-bromoketones together with the CuAAC reaction in one pot allowed safe handling and good availability of azides for the development of a small library of compounds. The sonication reduced reaction time and increased yields compared to otherwise same conditions. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Compounds 3b, 6b and 9e-9g were found to be the most potent antifungal agents with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 25 μg/mL; moreover other compounds revealed good to moderate antimicrobial activity. Compound 8e showed an excellent antioxidant activity using a DPPH free radical scavenging assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Mady
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway; Department of Green Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ghada E A Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Kåre B Jørgensen
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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Scarpignato C. Piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin: a GI safer piroxicam. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:2415-37. [PMID: 23394552 PMCID: PMC3664509 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113209990115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although NSAIDs are very effective drugs, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse reactions in the liver, kidney, cardiovascular (CV) system, skin and gut. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects are the most common and constitute a wide clinical spectrum ranging from dyspepsia, heartburn and abdominal discomfort to more serious events such as peptic ulcer with life-threatening complications of bleeding and perforation. The appreciation that CV risk is also increased further complicates the choices of physicians prescribing anti-inflammatory therapy. Despite prevention strategies should be implemented in patients at risk, gastroprotection is often underused and adherence to treatment is generally poor. A more appealing approach would be therefore to develop drugs that are devoid of or have reduced GI toxicity. Gastro-duodenal mucosa possesses many defensive mechanisms and NSAIDs have a deleterious effect on most of them. This results in a mucosa less able to cope with even a reduced acid load. NSAIDs cause gastro-duodenal damage, by two main mechanisms: a physiochemical disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier and systemic inhibition of gastric mucosal protection, through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX, PG endoperoxide G/H synthase) activity of the GI mucosa. However, against a background of COX inhibition by anti-inflammatory doses of NSAIDs, their physicochemical properties, in particular their acidity, underlie the topical effect leading to short-term damage. It has been shown that esterification of acidic NSAIDs suppresses their gastrotoxicity without adversely affecting anti-inflammatory activity. Another way to develop NSAIDs with better GI tolerability is to complex these molecules with cyclodextrins (CDs), giving rise to so-called “inclusion complexes” that can have physical, chemical and biological properties very different from either those of the drug or the cyclodextrin. Complexation of NSAIDs with β-cyclodextrin potentially leads to a more rapid onset of action after oral administration and improved GI tolerability because of minimization of the drug gastric effects. One such drug, piroxicam-β-cyclodextrin (PBC), has been used in Europe for 25 years. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of PBC do show that the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of piroxicam is better tolerated from the upper GI tract than free piroxicam, while retaining all the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the parent compound. In addition, the drug is endowed with a quick absorption rate, which translates into a faster onset of analgesic activity, an effect confirmed in several clinical studies. An analysis of the available trials show that PBC has a GI safety profile, which is better than that displayed by uncomplexed piroxicam. Being an inclusion complex of piroxicam, whose CV safety has been pointed out by several observational studies, PBC should be viewed as a CV safe anti-inflmmatory compound and a GI safer alternative to piroxicam. As a consequence, it should be considered as a useful addition to our therapeutic armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scarpignato
- Clinical Pharmacology & Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Italy.
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17
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Li YC, Rissanen S, Stepniewski M, Cramariuc O, Róg T, Mirza S, Xhaard H, Wytrwal M, Kepczynski M, Bunker A. Study of Interaction Between PEG Carrier and Three Relevant Drug Molecules: Piroxicam, Paclitaxel, and Hematoporphyrin. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7334-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300301z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chin Li
- Centre for Drug Research,
Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Sami Rissanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Michał Stepniewski
- Centre for Drug Research,
Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Oana Cramariuc
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sabir Mirza
- Centre for Drug Research,
Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Centre for Drug Research,
Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
| | | | | | - Alex Bunker
- Centre for Drug Research,
Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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18
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Mirza S, Miroshnyk I, Habib MJ, Brausch JF, Hussain MD. Enhanced Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Piroxicam Formulations: Modulating Effect of Phospholipids. Pharmaceutics 2010; 2:339-350. [PMID: 27721361 PMCID: PMC3967142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics2040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biologically relevant phospholipids were assessed as potential carriers/additives for rapidly dissolving solid formulations of piroxicam (Biopharmaceutics Classification System Class II drug). On the basis of in vitro dissolution studies, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) was ranked as the first potent dissolution rate enhancer for the model drug. Subsequently, the solid dispersions of varying piroxicam/DMPG ratios were prepared and further investigated. Within the concentration range studied (6.4-16.7 wt %), the dissolution rate of piroxicam from the solid dispersions appeared to increase as a function of the carrier weight fraction, whereas the cumulative drug concentration was not significantly affected by piroxicam/DMPG ratio, presumably due to a unique phase behavior of the aqueous dispersions of this carrier phospholipid. Solid state analysis of DMPG-based formulations reveled that they are two-component systems, with a less thermodynamically stable form of piroxicam (Form II) being dispersed within the carrier. Finally, oral bioavailability of piroxicam from the DMPG-based formulations in rats was found to be superior to that of the control, as indicated by the bioavailability parameters, cmax and especially Tmax (53 µg/mL within 2 h vs. 39 µg/mL within 5.5 h, respectively). Hence, DMPG was regarded as the most promising carrier phospholipid for enhancing oral bioavailability of piroxicam and potentially other Class II drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiruddin Mirza
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN- 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inna Miroshnyk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FIN- 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Muhammad J Habib
- School of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 Fourth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - James F Brausch
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, MSC 131, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Muhammad D Hussain
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, MSC 131, 1010 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
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Scarpignato C, Hunt RH. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-related injury to the gastrointestinal tract: clinical picture, pathogenesis, and prevention. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010; 39:433-64. [PMID: 20951911 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing life expectancy in developed countries has led to a growing prevalence of arthritic disorders, which has been accompanied by increasing prescriptions for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These are the most widely used agents for musculoskeletal and arthritic conditions. Although NSAIDs are effective, their use is associated with a broad spectrum of adverse reactions in the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, skin, and gut. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects are the most common. The dilemma for the physician prescribing NSAIDs is, therefore, to maintain the antiinflammatory and analgesic benefits, while reducing or preventing GI side effects. The challenge is to develop safer NSAIDs by shifting from a focus on GI toxicity to the increasingly more appreciated cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Scarpignato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was used as a marker molecule to clarify the mechanism of gastric mucosal damage as a side effect of using piroxicam. Piroxicam inactivated ADH during interaction of ADH with horseradish peroxidase and H2O2 (HRP-H2O2). The ADH was more easily inactivated under aerobic than anaerobic conditions, indicating participation by oxygen. Superoxide dismutase, but not hydroxyl radical scavengers, inhibited inactivation of ADH, indicating participation by superoxide. Sulfhydryl (SH) groups in ADH were lost during incubation of piroxicam with HRP-H2O2. Adding reduced glutathione (GSH) efficiently blocked ADH inactivation. Other SH enzymes, including creatine kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were also inactivated by piroxicam with HRP-H2O2. Thus SH groups in the enzymes seem vulnerable to piroxicam activated by HRP-H2O2. Spectral change in piroxicam was caused by HRP-H2O2. ESR signals of glutathionyl radicals occurred during incubation of piroxicam with HRP-H2O2 in the presence of GSH. Under anaerobic conditions, glutathionyl radical formation increased. Thus piroxicam free radicals interact with GSH to produce glutathionyl radicals. Piroxicam peroxyl radicals or superoxide, or both, seem to inactivate ADH. Superoxide may be produced through interaction of peroxyl radicals with H2O2. Thus superoxide dismutase may inhibit inactivation of ADH through reducing piroxicam peroxyl radicals or blocking interaction of SH groups with O2 , or both. Other oxicam derivatives, including isoxicam, tenoxicam and meloxicam, induced ADH inactivation in the presence of HRP-H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Muraoka
- Department of Biology, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Katsuraoka-cho 7-1, Otaru 0470264, Japan
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21
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Chang ST, Chen LC, Chang CC, Chu HY, Tsai KC. Effects of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin sachets on abnormal postural sway in patients with chronic low back pain. J Clin Pharm Ther 2008; 33:495-506. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2008.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Synthesis and analgesic/anti-inflammatory evaluation of fused heterocyclic ring systems incorporating phenylsulfonyl moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6344-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ozalp S, Tanir HM, Cakmak B, Hassa H. Impact of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin on the efficacy of the intrauterine device in a rat model. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2007; 12:107-10. [PMID: 17559007 DOI: 10.1080/13625180701201111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effect of piroxicam beta-cyclodextrin (PbetaCD), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the efficacy of the intrauterine device (IUD) in a rat model. METHODS Forty nulliparous female Wistar rats were allocated to one of four groups, comprising each 10 of these animals. Group I: neither IUD nor medication; group II: IUD, but no medication; group III: IUD and PbetaCD; and group IV: PbetaCD only. In groups II and III, a string of 3/0 silk suture of 2 cm long was transcervically placed in one of the horns of the bicornuate uterus of the rat. Rats in group III were treated during the 18 days following IUD placement with 3 mg/kg/day PbetaCD administered via a feeding tube; group IV received PbetaCD for the same length of time, but had no IUD inserted. The rats were then mated. Thereafter, vaginal smears were taken and assessed daily, in the early morning, for the presence of spermatozoa. The day when spermatozoa were detected was considered to be the first day of gestation. On gestational day 19, both uterine horns of all rats were evaluated for the presence and number of embryos. RESULTS In group II, mean embryo counts in the horn with or without IUD were 1.0 +/- 0.2 and 4.5 +/- 0.3, respectively (p < 0.01). The comparison of group II with group I showed that the presence of an IUD in one horn did not affect the mean embryo counts in the contralateral horn (4.5 +/- 0.3 versus 5.1 +/- 0.9, p > 0.05). In groups II and III, mean numbers of embryos in the horn with IUD were 1.0 +/- 0.2 and 2.7 +/- 0.4, respectively (p < 0.01). No difference in the mean embryo counts was observed between group I (5.1 +/- 0.9) and IV (4.8 +/- 0.9; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The IUD had a contraceptive effect in the rat model. The IUD in one horn did not affect the number of embryos in the contralateral horn. In this model, IUDs appear to exert a local effect, i.e. counteracted by PbetaCD. This drug had no adverse effect on the fertility of rats without IUD in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozalp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
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24
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Rasetti-Escargueil C, Grangé V. Pharmacokinetic profiles of two tablet formulations of piroxicam. Int J Pharm 2005; 295:129-34. [PMID: 15847998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Revised: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) formulations with faster onset of analgesic action like fast dissolving tablets. An open-label, randomized, single dose, crossover study with a 18 days washout period was conducted in 16 healthy volunteers to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of 20 mg piroxicam freeze-dried tablet (Proxalyoc, Cephalon) with that of 20 mg piroxicam capsule (Feldene, Pfizer). T(lag) with freeze-dried tablet was three times shorter than with capsule (21.6 min versus 59.4 min). Mean AUC(0-30 min), mean AUC(0-1 h), mean plasma concentrations at 15 min, 30 min and 1 h post-dose were significantly higher with the freeze-dried tablet than with the capsule, indicating that piroxicam was more rapidly absorbed from the freeze-dried tablet with higher plasma concentrations achieved at shorter intervals after dosing. The 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of means C(max), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity) and T(1/2) all fell within the acceptance range of 0.8-1.25, demonstrating the bioequivalence of the two formulations. Although the bioavailability of the two formulations was similar, the administration of piroxicam as a freeze-dried tablet gave a much faster absorption rate during the first hour after dosing than the capsule formulation. This faster absorption is an obvious advantage for the treatment of acute episodes of pain.
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Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose that can form water-soluble inclusion complexes with small molecules and portions of large compounds. These biocompatible, cyclic oligosaccharides do not elicit immune responses and have low toxicities in animals and humans. Cyclodextrins are used in pharmaceutical applications for numerous purposes, including improving the bioavailability of drugs. Current cyclodextrin-based therapeutics are described and possible future applications discussed. Cyclodextrin-containing polymers are reviewed and their use in drug delivery presented. Of specific interest is the use of cyclodextrin-containing polymers to provide unique capabilities for the delivery of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Davis
- Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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Banerjee R, Chakraborty H, Sarkar M. Host-guest complexation of oxicam NSAIDs with beta-cyclodextrin. Biopolymers 2004; 75:355-65. [PMID: 15372483 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic and molecular modeling techniques have been employed to study the interaction of the oxicam group of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with a polysaccharide such as beta-cyclodextrin (beta-cd). beta-cd is a good drug delivery system and is known to reduce harmful side effects of these drugs in the gastrointestinal tract and to increase their clinical efficacy. A detailed understanding of such host-guest interaction helps in designing a better drug delivery system coupled with increased therapeutic potential. However, there exists a controversy as to which prototropic form of piroxicam, a drug belonging to the oxicam group, becomes encapsulated in the host and also the stoichiometry of binding. In this study, we have revisited that controversy using steady state fluorescence, absorption, fluorescence anisotropy measurements, and molecular modeling techniques. In addition, we have for the first time studied the interactions of two other oxicam drugs, viz. tenoxicam and meloxicam, with beta-cd in aqueous solution. In all cases the neutral forms of these drugs were incorporated in the beta-cd cavity with a binding stoichiometry of 1:1 host : guest. The values of the binding constants for piroxicam, meloxicam, and tenoxicam with beta-cyclodextrin are 134 +/- 21, 114 +/- 15, and 115 +/- 13 M(-1), respectively. Molecular modeling studies show that the minimum energy configuration gives favorable interaction energy between the host and the guest in the complex with 1:1 stoichiometry when the conjugated rings of the drugs are inside the hydrophobic bucket-like cavity of beta-cd and the third ring is exposed to the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Banerjee
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Calcutta, 700 064, India
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28
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Desjardins PJ. Dental Pain. Clin Drug Investig 2000. [DOI: 10.2165/00044011-200019002-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bole-Vunduk B, Verhnjak K, Zmitek J. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic properties of S-(+)-ibuproxam, racemic ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin and S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin. J Pharm Pharmacol 1996; 48:1153-7. [PMID: 8961164 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastric mucosal damage-inducing activities of S-(+)-ibuproxam, and S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin, new propionic acid derivatives, and racemic ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin were investigated in three animal models and compared with those of racemic ibuproxam, racemic ibuprofen and its optical enantiomer S-(+)-ibuprofen. The anti-inflammatory activities of racemic ibuprofen, S-(+)-ibuprofen and racemic ibuproxam in carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats were almost equipotent and slightly greater than those of S-(+)-ibuproxam and S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin, and significantly greater than that of racemic ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin. In abdominal constriction tests in mice, the analgesic effects of racemic ibuproxam, S-(+)-ibuproxam, racemic ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin and S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin were significantly less pronounced than those of racemic ibuprofen and S-(+)-ibuprofen. Ulcerogenic activity of S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin in rats was found to be significantly weaker than that of racemic ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin, racemic ibuproxam and S-(+)-ibuproxam and, most notably, weaker than those of racemic ibuprofen and S-(+)ibuprofen. These results indicate that S-(+)-ibuproxam-beta-cyclodextrin could be a novel potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent with a therapeutic index more favourable than that of the classical non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and ibuproxam.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bole-Vunduk
- LEK Pharmaceutical and Chemical Company d.d., Research and Development, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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