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Dai Q, Han P, Qi X, Li F, Li M, Fan L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yang X. 4-1BB Signaling Boosts the Anti-Tumor Activity of CD28-Incorporated 2 nd Generation Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:539654. [PMID: 33281809 PMCID: PMC7691374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.539654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells have shown great success for the treatment of B cell leukemia, their efficacy appears to be compromised in B cell derived lymphoma and solid tumors. Optimization of the CAR design to improve persistence and cytotoxicity is a focus of the current CAR-T study. Herein, we established a novel CAR structure by adding a full length 4-1BB co-stimulatory receptor to a 28Z-based second generation CAR that targets CD20. Our data indicated that this new 2028Z-4-1BB CAR-T cell showed improved proliferation and cytotoxic ability. To further understand the mechanism of action, we found that constitutive 4-1BB sensing significantly reduced the apoptosis of CAR-T cells, enhanced proliferation, and increased NF-κB pathway activation. Consistent with the enhanced proliferation and cytotoxicity in vitro, this new structure of CAR-T cells exhibited robust persistence and anti-tumor activity in a mouse xenograft lymphoma model. This work provides evidence for a new strategy to optimize the function of CAR-T against lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dai
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Han
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Qi
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanlin Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lilv Fan
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Rodrigo C, Rajapakse S, Gooneratne L. Rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 79:709-19. [PMID: 25139610 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is a B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody that is gaining popularity as an effective therapy for many autoimmune cytopenias. This article systematically evaluates its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of different types of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. We conclude that there is sufficient evidence to recommend it as a second line therapy for warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (wAIHA) either as monotherapy or combined therapy. Evidence from a single randomized controlled trial suggests that it may also be more efficacious as first line therapy in combination with steroids than steroids alone. A fewer number of studies have assessed its role in cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cAIHA) and cold agglutinin disease (CAD) with success rates varying from 45-66%. In the absence of alternative definitive therapy, rituximab should be considered for patients with symptomatic CAD and significant haemolysis. Case reports of its efficacy in mixed autoimmune haemolytic anaemias are available but evidence from case series or larger cohorts are nonexistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaturaka Rodrigo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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3
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Late-Onset Neutropenia After Rituximab-Containing Therapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:761-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Aguiar-Bujanda D, Blanco-Sánchez MJ, Hernández-Sosa M, Galván-Ruíz S, Hernández-Sarmiento S. Critical appraisal of rituximab in the maintenance treatment of advanced follicular lymphoma. Cancer Manag Res 2015; 7:319-30. [PMID: 26604821 PMCID: PMC4629955 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s69145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rituximab is an IgG1, chimeric monoclonal antibody specifically designed to recognize the CD20 antigen expressed on the surface of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes, from the B-cell precursor to the mature B-cells of the germinal center, and by most neoplasms derived from B-cells. After 2 decades of use, rituximab is firmly positioned in the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL), both in the front line and in the relapsing disease, improving previous results by including it in classical chemotherapy regimens. However, the pharmacology of rituximab continues to generate controversial issues especially regarding the mechanisms of action in vivo. The contribution of rituximab as a maintenance treatment in FL has been significant progress in the management of this disease without an increase in side effects or a decrease in the quality of life of patients. With the widespread use of rituximab, there are new security alerts and side effects not previously detected in the pivotal trials that clinicians should learn to recognize and manage. In this article, we will review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rituximab, the management issues in the treatment of advanced FL focusing on maintenance rituximab, its long-term efficacy and safety profile, and its effect on the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguiar-Bujanda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Jesús Blanco-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Sosa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Saray Galván-Ruíz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Samuel Hernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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5
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Abstract
The pathogenic role of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in triggering and maintaining allergic inflammation in response to allergens is due to the binding of multivalent allergens to allergen-specific IgEs on sensitized effector cells. These interactions trigger effector cell activation, resulting in release of potent inflammatory mediators, recruitment of inflammatory cells, antigen presentation, and production of allergen-specific antibody responses. Since its discovery in the 1960s, the central role of IgE in allergic disease has been intensively studied, placing IgE and its functions at the heart of therapeutic efforts for the treatment of allergies. Here, we provide an overview of the nature, roles, and significance of IgE antibodies in allergic diseases, infections, and inflammation and the utility of antibodies as therapies. We place special emphasis on allergen-IgE-Fcε receptor complexes in the context of allergic and inflammatory diseases and describe strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, aimed at interrupting these complexes. Of clinical significance, one antibody, omalizumab, is presently in clinical use and works by preventing formation of IgE-Fcε receptor interactions. Active immunotherapy approaches with allergens and allergen derivatives have also demonstrated clinical benefits for patients with allergic diseases. These treatments are strongly associated with serum increases of IgE-neutralizing antibodies and feature a notable redirection of humoral responses towards production of antibodies of the IgG4 subclass in patients receiving immunotherapies. Lastly, we provide a new perspective on the rise of recombinant antibodies of the IgE class recognizing tumor-associated antigens, and we discuss the potential utility of tumor antigen-specific IgE antibodies to direct potent IgE-driven immune responses against tumors.
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Abstract
Both acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia are thought to arise from a subpopulation of primitive cells, termed leukemic stem cells that share properties with somatic stem cells. Leukemic stem cells are capable of continued self-renewal, and are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and are considered to be responsible for disease relapse. In recent years, improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myeloid leukemia biology has led to the development of novel and targeted therapies. This review focuses on clinically relevant patent applications and their relevance within the known literature in two areas of prevailing therapeutic interest, namely monoclonal antibody therapy and small molecule inhibitors in disease-relevant signaling pathways.
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Kinch MS, Merkel J. An analysis of FDA-approved drugs for inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:920-3. [PMID: 25701283 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The term 'inflammation' captures a variety of disease processes linked with the immune system. An analysis of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved nuclear molecular entities (NMEs) reveals notable trends in terms of acute and chronic inflammatory indications. The number of NMEs peaked during the 1990s and has since declined by more than 50%. Whereas pharmaceutical companies have dominated the field, biotechnology companies now receive half of new approvals and academia has a relatively large role in terms of pivotal first patents. Another notable trend is that the relative number of NMEs targeting allergy has been decreasing, whereas those targeting autoimmune indications is increasing. Unlike other indications, NMEs for inflammation tend towards nuclear receptors and cytokines, and a disproportionate number of biologics target cytokine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kinch
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Janie Merkel
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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Ofatumumab in rituximab-refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report and review of literature. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2013; 13:511-3. [PMID: 23726016 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bhutani D, Vaishampayan UN. Monoclonal antibodies in oncology therapeutics: present and future indications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:269-82. [PMID: 23286740 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.758705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, the field of oncology has undergone revolutionary changes. One of the major reasons contributing to this change is the improvement in our understanding of the biology of cancer. Recognition of novel targets on the cancer cell has enabled development of tools to attack those targets. Monoclonal antibodies represent such a therapy that has rapidly been adapted in almost all major cancer subtypes. AREAS COVERED This review intends to give a comprehensive overview of monoclonal antibodies, including mechanism of action, the currently approved agents and future targets. The authors reviewed published data as well as information from the ongoing clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION Monoclonal antibodies represent a major new advance in oncology therapy but there remains significant room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaya Bhutani
- Wayne State University, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Medicine, 4 Hudson Webber Cancer Research Center, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Wang B, Gucinski AC, Keire DA, Buhse LF, Boyne II MT. Structural comparison of two anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody drug products using middle-down mass spectrometry. Analyst 2013; 138:3058-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an36524g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Liver cancer, the most common form of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide. As of 2008, in men, HCC was the fifth most common cancer (approximately 450,000 new cases per year) and the second most frequent cause of death from cancer (around 416,000 deaths per year), whereas in women, it was the seventh most frequently diagnosed cancer (150,000 new cases per year) and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer deaths (140,000 deaths per year) [1]. Overall, HCC is the third leading cause of death from cancer globally [2, 3]. Worldwide, the incidence of HCC in males is more than twice that in females. The etiology of HCC is diverse; however, approximately 80% of HCCs occur secondary to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) [4]. The geographic distribution of HCC is such that the high-incidence regions of Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate HCC burden, amounting to more than 80% of the global burden [4]. However, even in areas considered low-incidence regions-North America and Europe-the incidence of HCC is on the rise [4]. In the US, HCC incidence has risen more than threefold in the past 30 years, and it is now the ninth most frequent cause of death from cancer. The major reasons for the increased incidence of HCC in the US are the increasing prevalence of chronic HCV infection, increased immigration from high-incidence countries in Asia and Africa, and the increase in the number of individuals with cirrhosis due to obesity-related fatty liver disease. Most HCCs are diagnosed at an advanced stage for which there is no curative option. Sorafenib, the only agent specifically approved for HCC treatment, is of limited efficacy in this setting. Therefore, an urgent need for improved HCC therapy exists. In this review, we discuss the available data on the development and use of immunotherapy for HCC, with a particular focus on recent results and novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Miamen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA,Department of Immunology, Mayo Graduate and Medical Schools College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Graduate and Medical Schools College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA,Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, USA,*Lewis R. Roberts, MB, ChB, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 (USA), Tel. +1 507 538 4877, E-Mail
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