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Testolin RC, Almeida TCM, Polette M, Branco JO, Fischer LL, Niero G, Poyer-Radetski G, Silva VC, Somensi CA, Corrêa AXR, Corrêa R, Rörig LR, Itokazu AG, Férard JF, Cotelle S, Radetski CM. Comparing different methods for fast screening of microbiological quality of beach sand aimed at rapid-response remediation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:206-212. [PMID: 28259421 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is scientific evidence that beach sands are a significant contributor to the pathogen load to which visitors are exposed. To develop beach quality guidelines all beach zones must be included in microbiological evaluations, but monitoring methods for beach sand quality are relatively longstanding, expensive, laborious and require moderate laboratory infrastructure. This paper aimed to evaluate the microorganism activity in different beach zones applying and comparing a classical method of membrane filtration (MF) with two colorimetric screening methods based on fluorescein (FDA) and tetrazolium (TTC) salt biotransformation to evaluate a new rapid and low-cost method for beach sand microbiological contamination assessments. The colorimetric results can help beach managers to evaluate rapidly and at low cost the microbiological quality of different beach zones in order to decide whether remedial actions need to be adopted to prevent exposure of the public to microbes due to beach sand and/or water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan C Testolin
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Tito C M Almeida
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Marcus Polette
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Conservação, Gestão e Governança Costeira, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Joaquim O Branco
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades e Biodiversidade, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Larissa L Fischer
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Niero
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Poyer-Radetski
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Curso Técnico de Saneamento, Av. Mauro Ramos, 950, Florianópolis, SC, 88020-300, Brazil
| | - Valéria C Silva
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Curso Técnico de Saneamento, Av. Mauro Ramos, 950, Florianópolis, SC, 88020-300, Brazil
| | - Cleder A Somensi
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Rodovia BR 280, km 27, Araquari, SC 89245-000, Brazil
| | - Albertina X R Corrêa
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Rörig
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ficologia, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Gabriela Itokazu
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ficologia, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Férard
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Rue du General Delestraint, Metz F-57070, France
| | - Sylvie Cotelle
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), CNRS UMR, 7360, Rue du General Delestraint, Metz F-57070, France
| | - Claudemir M Radetski
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Laboratório de Remediação Ambiental, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, SC 88302-202, Brazil.
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Mendes Silva D, Domingues L. On the track for an efficient detection of Escherichia coli in water: A review on PCR-based methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:400-11. [PMID: 25540852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring water safety is an ongoing challenge to public health providers. Assessing the presence of fecal contamination indicators in water is essential to protect public health from diseases caused by waterborne pathogens. For this purpose, the bacteria Escherichia coli has been used as the most reliable indicator of fecal contamination in water. The methods currently in use for monitoring the microbiological safety of water are based on culturing the microorganisms. However, these methods are not the desirable solution to prevent outbreaks as they provide the results with a considerable delay, lacking on specificity and sensitivity. Moreover, viable but non-culturable microorganisms, which may be present as a result of environmental stress or water treatment processes, are not detected by culture-based methods and, thus, may result in false-negative assessments of E. coli in water samples. These limitations may place public health at significant risk, leading to substantial monetary losses in health care and, additionally, in costs related with a reduced productivity in the area affected by the outbreak, and in costs supported by the water quality control departments involved. Molecular methods, particularly polymerase chain reaction-based methods, have been studied as an alternative technology to overcome the current limitations, as they offer the possibility to reduce the assay time, to improve the detection sensitivity and specificity, and to identify multiple targets and pathogens, including new or emerging strains. The variety of techniques and applications available for PCR-based methods has increased considerably and the costs involved have been substantially reduced, which together have contributed to the potential standardization of these techniques. However, they still require further refinement in order to be standardized and applied to the variety of environmental waters and their specific characteristics. The PCR-based methods under development for monitoring the presence of E. coli in water are here discussed. Special emphasis is given to methodologies that avoid pre-enrichment during the water sample preparation process so that the assay time is reduced and the required legislated sensitivity is achieved. The advantages and limitations of these methods are also reviewed, contributing to a more comprehensive overview toward a more conscious research in identifying E. coli in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mendes Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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