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Uwimpaye F, Twagirayezu G, Agbamu IO, Mazurkiewicz K, Jeż-Walkowiak J. Riverbank filtration: a frontline treatment method for surface and groundwater-African perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2025; 197:160. [PMID: 39794612 PMCID: PMC11723898 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) has emerged as a crucial and functional water treatment method, particularly effective in improving surface water quality. This review is aimed at assessing the suitability of RBF in regions with limited access to clean water, such as Africa, where it has the potential to alleviate water scarcity and enhance water security. This review used various studies, highlighting the principles, applications, and advancements of RBF worldwide. The findings of this review revealed that RBF effectively addresses a broad range of contaminants, including microbial pathogens, organic compounds, heavy metals, and micro-pollutants, through natural processes like adsorption, biodegradation, and filtration. These natural mechanisms significantly reduce waterborne contaminants, making RBF an eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative to conventional water treatment methods. Hydro geological factors, such as aquifer thickness and hydraulic conductivity, play an important role in the efficiency and overall performance of RBF systems. The integration of RBF with advanced treatment technologies not only removes contaminants more effectively but also ensures a sustainable supply of clean water for various applications. The cost-saving aspect of RBF, compared to traditional methods, is particularly significant in low-income regions. The study suggests a wider use of RBF, particularly in Africa, where it can strengthen resilient water supply systems in response to growing water scarcity and climate change concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasilate Uwimpaye
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Gratien Twagirayezu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 550002, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Isaac Odiri Agbamu
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Geodesy, and Transport, Institute of Building Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Mazurkiewicz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Jeż-Walkowiak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
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De Marines F, Corsino SF, Cosenza A, Capodici M, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. A modified robustness index for assessing operational performance of drinking water treatment plants: A comparative study within a new regulatory framework. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 268:122668. [PMID: 39481335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) are facing emerging challenges affecting raw water quality. In addition, the new regulatory framework (EU 2184/2020) sets stricter limits for turbidity and percentile statistics for continuous compliance, demanding greater robustness of the treatment processes. To achieve this aim, this study proposes a turbidity robustness index (TRI), named TRI95B, to be used as a warning tool for detecting deviations from water quality standards. TRI95B has been compared with the TRIs existing in the literature. Furthermore, the TRI95B validation has been performed by a three-year monitoring dataset of a full-scale DWTP. The proposed TRI95B index has two key novelties compared to the existing indices required for adapting to the new drinking water regulation: i. introduces the 95th percentile as a statistical indicator; ii. considers an additional term that sets an alert when a threshold value is exceeded. The comparison results suggest a better correspondence to the real plant performances of TRI95B than the other TRIs. Indeed, both the sensitivity and specificity of TRI95B were significantly higher than the other TRIs, indicating a better capacity to correctly classify both positive and negative cases. Moreover, while the previous TRIs identify a critical operating condition when the turbidity goal was significantly exceeded, TRI95B highlights a failure condition at a lower discrepancy. Therefore, TRI95B is also able to identify short-duration and low magnitude failures, thus coping with the purpose of the new regulation for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Marines
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy.
| | - Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Marco Capodici
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy
| | - Gaspare Viviani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, Palermo 90128, Italy
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Hyllestad S, Lyngstad TM, Lindstrøm JC, White RA, Andreassen M, Svendsen C. Estimating the risk of gastrointestinal illness associated with drinking tap water in Norway: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2107. [PMID: 39103854 PMCID: PMC11299283 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of safe drinking water has high public health relevance, as reflected in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG6). Several precautionary actions have reduced the burden associated with infectious diseases in high-income countries; however, pollution in source waters, inadequate disinfection, and premise plumbing, along with an increased awareness that intrusion in the drinking water distribution system, represents risk factors for gastrointestinal illness linked to consume of drinking water. Sporadic cases of waterborne infections are expected to be underreported since a sick person is less likely to seek healthcare for a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection. Hence, knowledge on the true burden of waterborne diseases is scarce. The primary aim with the present study was to estimate the risk of gastrointestinal illness associated with drinking tap water in Norway. METHODS We conducted a 12-month prospective cohort study where participants were recruited by telephone interview after invitation based on randomised selection. A start up e-survey were followed by 12 monthly SMS questionnaires to gather information on participants characteristics and drinking tap water (number of 0.2L glasses per day), incidence, duration and symptoms associated with gastrointestinal illness. Associations between the exposure of drinking tap water and the outcome of risk of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) were analysed with linear mixed effects models. Age, sex, education level and size of the drinking water supply were identified as potential confounders and included in the adjusted model. RESULTS In total, 9,946 persons participated in this cohort study, accounting for 11.5% of all invited participants. According to the data per person and month (99,446 monthly submissions), AGI was reported for 5,508 person-months (5.5 per 100 person-months). Severe AGI was reported in 819 person-months (0.8 per 100 person-months). Our study estimates that 2-4% of AGI in Norway is attributable to drinking tap water. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest cohort study in Norway estimating the burden of self-reported gastrointestinal infections linked to the amount of tap water drunk in Norway. The data indicate that waterborne AGI is not currently a burden in Norway, but the findings need to be used with caution. The importance of continued efforts and investments in the maintenance of drinking water supplies in Norway to address the low burden of sporadic waterborne cases and to prevent future outbreaks needs to be emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hyllestad
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
| | - Trude Marie Lyngstad
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | | | - Richard Aubrey White
- Department of Infection Control and Vaccines, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Andreassen
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Svendsen
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Yuan Y, Li Q, Deng J, Ma X, Liao X, Zou J, Liao J, Huang H, Dai H. Response mechanism of soil leachate and disinfection by-product formation to extreme precipitation events under continuous drought scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170123. [PMID: 38232842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a rainfall simulation device was employed to investigate the response mechanism of soil leachate and disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPsFP) to extreme precipitation events. The results revealed that the aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the concentration of hydrophobic DOM containing aromatic carbon groups in leachate decreased with rising temperature. The humification degree of DOM decreased at 25 °C (99 mm/h), while the humification degree and protein-like level of DOM increased under high temperatures droughts (45 °C and 65 °C). Higher temperatures resulted in the leach of more microbial-derived humus and low molecular phenolic compounds from soil and broadened the range of molecular weight distribution. Increasing temperature increased DBPsFP and DBPs species and caused the precursors of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in leachate to become more hydrophobic, while the precursors of trihalomethanes (THMs) became more hydrophilic. Most importantly, the increased temperature attenuated the rainfall-mediated dilution of organic pollutant concentration, and temperature has a more significant effect than extreme rainfall in DOM abundance and the formation potential (or species) of DBPs. The results help to better understand the impact of climate change on the physicochemical processes of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Yuan
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen City, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen City, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Zou
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jie Liao
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Huahan Huang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen City, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huilin Dai
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
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Ndlovu T, Kgosietsile L, Motshwarakgole P, Ndlovu SI. Evaluation of Potential Factors Influencing the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Alternative Treatment Strategies. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:381. [PMID: 37624319 PMCID: PMC10459473 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing reports of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae have emerged as a public health concern, raising questions about the potential routes for the evolution and dissemination of the pathogenic K. pneumoniae into environmental reservoirs. Potential drivers of the increased incidence of antimicrobial-resistant environmental K. pneumoniae include the eminent global climatic variations as a direct or indirect effect of human activities. The ability of microorganisms to adapt and grow at an exponential rate facilitates the distribution of environmental strains with acquired resistant mutations into water systems, vegetation, and soil which are major intersection points with animals and humans. The bacterial pathogen, K. pneumoniae, is one of the critical-priority pathogens listed by the World Health Organization, mostly associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the increasing prevalence of pathogenic environmental strains with similar characteristics to clinical-antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates is concerning. Considering the eminent impact of global climatic variations in the spread and dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria, in this review, we closely assess factors influencing the dissemination of this pathogen resulting in increased interaction with the environment, human beings, and animals. We also look at the recent developments in rapid detection techniques as part of the response measures to improve surveillance and preparedness for potential outbreaks. Furthermore, we discuss alternative treatment strategies that include secondary metabolites such as biosurfactants and plant extracts with high antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Ndlovu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Lebang Kgosietsile
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Pako Motshwarakgole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB, Gaborone 0022, Botswana; (L.K.); (P.M.)
| | - Sizwe I. Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
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Kusi J, Ojewole CO, Ojewole AE, Nwi-Mozu I. Antimicrobial Resistance Development Pathways in Surface Waters and Public Health Implications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:821. [PMID: 35740227 PMCID: PMC9219700 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is threatened by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their related infections, which cause thousands of human deaths every year worldwide. Surface waters are vulnerable to human activities and natural processes that facilitate the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study evaluated the pathways and drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AR) in surface waters. We analyzed antibiotic resistance healthcare-associated infection (HAI) data reported to the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network to determine the number of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and their isolates detected in healthcare facilities. Ten pathogens and their isolates associated with HAIs tested resistant to the selected antibiotics, indicating the role of healthcare facilities in antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The analyzed data and literature research revealed that healthcare facilities, wastewater, agricultural settings, food, and wildlife populations serve as the major vehicles for AR in surface waters. Antibiotic residues, heavy metals, natural processes, and climate change were identified as the drivers of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. Food and animal handlers have a higher risk of exposure to resistant pathogens through ingestion and direct contact compared with the general population. The AR threat to public health may grow as pathogens in aquatic systems adjust to antibiotic residues, contaminants, and climate change effects. The unnecessary use of antibiotics increases the risk of AR, and the public should be encouraged to practice antibiotic stewardship to decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kusi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Catherine Oluwalopeye Ojewole
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Akinloye Emmanuel Ojewole
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 44 Circle Drive, Campus Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA; (C.O.O.); (A.E.O.)
| | - Isaac Nwi-Mozu
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA;
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