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Checa Fernández A, Ruiz LM, Pérez JI, Gómez M. Influence of activated sludge dissolved oxygen concentration on a membrane bioreactor performance with intermittent aeration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:953-962. [PMID: 34187317 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1944834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study measured the effect of low activated sludge dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating real urban wastewater with respect to organic matter and nitrogen removal efficiency and transmembrane pressure evolution. For this purpose, a full-scale experimental pre-denitrification MBR system was operated at a constant permeate flow rate of Q = 0.45 m3h-1 with intermittent aeration. The experimental installation worked at high hydraulic retention time, variable sludge retention time and with activated sludge temperatures of between 22.0 to 31.3 °C. Mean DO concentrations in the activated sludge were gradually decreased from 1.25 mgO2L-1 to less than 0.20 mgO2L-1. Variations in DO set points did not affect the main operational parameters of the MBR system and no clear relation was shown between DO concentration decrease and membrane fouling. At DO concentrations lower than 0.2 mgO2L-1, a deterioration in MBR effluent quality was observed, mainly with respect to chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand at five days and NH4+, however, the opposite effect was observed for NO3-. These results indicate that employing low DO set points is a promising strategy for application in MBR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Checa Fernández
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luz Marina Ruiz
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Ignacio Pérez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Gómez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Cornejo J, González-Pérez DM, Pérez JI, Gómez MA. Ibuprofen removal by a microfiltration membrane bioreactor during the startup phase. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 55:374-384. [PMID: 31793382 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1697587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of ibuprofen (IBU) during the startup phase of a microfiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was determined. A full-scale experimental installation treating real urban wastewater was used for the study. The MBR was composed of an anoxic and an aerobic bioreactors working in pre-denitrification configuration, followed of a membrane reactor. A full mass balance was carried out to estimate the contribution of biotransformation and sorption to biomass to the overall removal of the IBU. During the startup phase of the MBR system there were significant oscillations of the operational variables, mainly of the sludge retention time (SRT); nevertheless, the capacity of the system for IBU removal was very high, with yields of over 94%, despite reaching minimum SRT values of 4.15 d. The main IBU removal occurs in the aerobic reactor, both in the liquid phase and the one associated with the sludge, while in the anoxic bioreactor the removal was scarce, although a certain transfer of IBU from the liquid phase to the sludge took place under anoxic conditions. Despite the high IBU removal yields during startup, the SRT was the most influential variable in IBU removal, an effect observed in all bioreactors, particularly in the anoxic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cornejo
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel M González-Pérez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge I Pérez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel A Gómez
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Silva Neto JVD, Elaiuy MLC, Nour EAA. ADM1 approach to the performance optimisation and biogas H 2S prediction of a large-scale anaerobic reactor fed on sugarcane vinasse. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:1774-1786. [PMID: 32039909 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present extensions to the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) to simulate hydrogen sulphide in biogas and solids retention efficiency. The extended model was calibrated and validated against data from a large-scale covered in-ground anaerobic reactor (CIGAR), processing sugarcane vinasse. Comparative scenarios and set-ups of a CIGAR with and without a settling tank unit (settler) were simulated to investigate the reactor's performance. Biogas flow, methane content, and yield with settler were 15,983 Nm3/d, 57%, and 0.198 Nm3CH4/kgCOD, respectively, which were 9.4%, 1.8%, and 11.64%, higher than without the settler. Improvements are combination of influent flow rate 116% higher and increased solids retention time by using a settler. The optimised modelled reactor, the volume of which was reduced by 50%, was able to produce 83% more methane per volume of reactor with half the retention time. After model calibration and validation, we assessed the quality of predictions and its utility. The overall quality of predictions was assessed as high accuracy quantitative for CH4 and medium for H2S and biogas flow. A practical demonstration of ADM1 to industrial application is presented here to identify the potential optimisation and behaviour of a large-scale anaerobic reactor, reducing, consequently, expenditure, risk, and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vinicius da Silva Neto
- Energy Systems Planning Program, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Julio de Mesquita, 249/131, Campinas, Sāo Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Marcelo Leite Conde Elaiuy
- Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, Centre for Resource Efficiency & the Environment (CREE), University College London, Chadwick Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Edson Aparecido Abdul Nour
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marín E, Pérez JI, Gómez MA. Behaviour of biopolymeric substances in the activated sludge of an MBR system working with high hydraulic retention time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:1184-1193. [PMID: 28910575 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1356209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to analyse the activated sludge of a membrane bioreactor (MBR), the behaviour of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) as well as their biopolymers composition, in the activated sludge of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and their influence on membrane fouling were analysed. For the experiment an experimental fullscale MBR working with real urban wastewater at high hydraulic retention time with a variable sludge-retention time (SRT) was used. The MBR system worked in denitrification/nitrification conformation at a constant flow rate (Q = 0.45 m3/h) with a recirculation flow rate of 4Q. The concentrations of SMP in the activated sludge were lower than the concentrations of EPS over the entire study, with humic substances being the main components of the two biopolymers. SMP and, more specifically, SMP carbohydrates, were the most influential biopolymers in membrane fouling, while for EPS and their components, no relation was found with fouling. The SRT and temperature were the operational variables that most influenced the SMP and EPS concentration, causing the increase of SRT and temperature a lower concentration in both biopolymers, although the effect was not the same for all the components, particularly for the EPS carbohydrates, which increased with longer SRTs. Both operational variables were also the ones most influential on the concentration of organic matter of the effluent, due to their effect on the SMP. The volatile suspended solid/total suspended solid (VSS/TSS) ratio in the activated sludge can be applied as a good indicator of the risk of membrane fouling by biopolymers in MBR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Marín
- a Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group , Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute , University of Granada , Spain
| | - Jorge I Pérez
- a Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group , Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute , University of Granada , Spain
| | - Miguel A Gómez
- a Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group , Department of Civil Engineering, and Water Research Institute , University of Granada , Spain
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Maza-Márquez P, Vílchez-Vargas R, Boon N, González-López J, Martínez-Toledo MV, Rodelas B. The ratio of metabolically active versus total Mycolata populations triggers foaming in a membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 92:208-217. [PMID: 26859516 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of total and metabolically active populations of Mycolata was evaluated in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) experiencing seasonal foaming, using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and retrotranscribed qPCR (RT-qPCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence. While the abundance of total Mycolata remained stable (10(10) copies of 16S rRNA genes/L activated sludge) throughout four different experimental phases, significant variations (up to one order of magnitude) were observed when the 16S rRNA was targeted. The highest ratios of metabolically active versus total Mycolata populations were observed in samples of two experimental phases when foaming was experienced in the MBR. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and BIO-ENV analyses demonstrated that this ratio was positively correlated to the concentrations of substrates in the influent water, F/M ratio, and pH, and negatively correlated to temperature and solids retention time. It the first time that the ratio of metabolically active versus total Mycolata is found to be a key parameter triggering foaming in the MBR; thus, we propose it as a candidate predictive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Vílchez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - N Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J González-López
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M V Martínez-Toledo
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Maza-Márquez P, Gómez-Silván C, Gómez MA, González-López J, Martínez-Toledo MV, Rodelas B. Linking operation parameters and environmental variables to population dynamics of Mycolata in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:318-329. [PMID: 25621724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The community structure and population dynamics of Mycolata were monitored in a full-scale membrane bioreactor during four experimental phases under changing operating and environmental conditions, by means of temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis of partial 16S-rRNA genes amplified from community DNA and RNA templates (total and active populations). Non-metric multidimensional scaling and BIO-ENV analyses demonstrated that population dynamics were mostly explained (30-32%) by changes in the input of nutrients in the influent water and the accumulation of biomass in the bioreactors, while the influence of hydraulic and solid retention times, temperature and F/M ratio was minor. Significant correlations were observed between particular Mycolata phylotypes and one or more variables, contributing information for the prediction of their abundance and activity under changing conditions. Fingerprinting and multivariate analyses demonstrated that two foaming episodes, recorded at temperatures <20°C, were connected to the increase of the relative abundance of Mycolata unrelated to Gordonia amarae.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Gómez-Silván
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M A Gómez
- Department of Civil Engineering and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J González-López
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M V Martínez-Toledo
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Arévalo J, Ruiz L, Pérez J, Gómez M. Effect of temperature on membrane bioreactor performance working with high hydraulic and sludge retention time. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Leyva-Díaz J, Martín-Pascual J, González-López J, Hontoria E, Poyatos J. Effects of scale-up on a hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor – membrane bioreactor for treating urban wastewater. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gómez-Silván C, Arévalo J, Pérez J, González-López J, Rodelas B. Linking hydrolytic activities to variables influencing a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating urban wastewater under real operating conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:66-78. [PMID: 23089358 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variation of the hydrolytic activities acid and alkaline phosphatase, α-glucosidase and protease, was studied in both the aerated and anoxic phases of a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) (total operational volume = 28.2 m(3)), operated in pre-denitrification mode and fed real urban wastewater. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and BIO-ENV analysis were used to study the distribution of enzyme activities in different seasons of the year (spring, summer and autumn) and unveil their relationships with changes in variables influencing the system (composition of influent wastewater, activated sludge temperature and biomass concentration in the bioreactors). The activities of all the tested hydrolases were remarkably dynamic, and each enzyme showed complex and diverse patterns of variation. Except in the summer season, the variables included in this study gave a good explanation of those patterns and displayed high and consistent correlations with them; however, markedly different correlation trends were found in each season, indicating dissimilar adaptation responses of the community to the influence of changing conditions. A consistent and highly negative correlation between protease and α-glucosidase was revealed in all the experiments. The variables included in this study showed contrary influences on these activities, suggesting an alternation of the major groups of carbon-degrading hydrolases in connection to changes in temperature and the availability and composition of nutrients in the different seasons. Sampling over a long period of time was required to adequately lay down the links between hydrolytic activities and the variables influencing the MBR system. These results highlight the complexity of the regulation of substrate degradation by the mixed microbial sludge communities under real operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Silván
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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