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Reza A, Chen L, Mao X. Response surface methodology for process optimization in livestock wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30326. [PMID: 38726140 PMCID: PMC11078649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With increasing demand for meat and dairy products, the volume of wastewater generated from the livestock industry has become a significant environmental concern. The treatment of livestock wastewater (LWW) is a challenging process that involves removing nutrients, organic matter, pathogens, and other pollutants from livestock manure and urine. In response to this challenge, researchers have developed and investigated different biological, physical, and chemical treatment technologies that perform better upon optimization. Optimization of LWW handling processes can help improve the efficacy and sustainability of treatment systems as well as minimize environmental impacts and associated costs. Response surface methodology (RSM) as an optimization approach can effectively optimize operational parameters that affect process performance. This review article summarizes the main steps of RSM, recent applications of RSM in LWW treatment, highlights the advantages and limitations of this technique, and provides recommendations for future research and practice, including its cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and ability to improve treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Reza
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Lide Chen
- Department of Soil and Water Systems, Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, University of Idaho, 315 Falls Avenue, Twin Falls, ID, 83303-1827, USA
| | - Xinwei Mao
- New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794-5000, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-4424, USA
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D' Bastiani C, Kennedy D, Reynolds A. CFD simulation of anaerobic granular sludge reactors: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120220. [PMID: 37354837 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion processes can generate renewable energy in the form of biogas while treating organic wastewater. The generation of biogas within anaerobic digestion systems is directly linked to the mixing conditions inside the reactors. In high-rate reactors such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, the expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and the internal circulation (IC) reactor, the hydrodynamic behaviour will depend on the interactions between the wastewater, the biogas, and the biomass granules. Over the past few years, various researchers have used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the hydrodynamic behaviour in these types of reactors. This review aims to present and critically discuss the state of the art in the use of CFD applied to anaerobic granular sludge reactors (AGSRs). It briefly introduces and discusses the various aspects of modelling. It also reviews the various papers which used CFD to model these reactors and critically analyses the models used for the simulations in terms of general approaches and single-phase vs multiphase studies. The methods used in the validation of the CFD models are also described and discussed. Based on the findings, the challenges and future perspectives for the CFD modelling of AGSRs are discussed and gaps in the knowledge are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila D' Bastiani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Bolton St, Dublin 1, D01 K822, Ireland.
| | - David Kennedy
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Bolton St, Dublin 1, D01 K822, Ireland
| | - Anthony Reynolds
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University Dublin, Bolton St, Dublin 1, D01 K822, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Greenway Hub, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 H6K8, Ireland
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3
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Ahnert M, Krebs P. Growth of science in activated sludge modelling - a critical bibliometric review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2841-2862. [PMID: 34185684 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the tool of bibliometric analysis is applied to the field of activated sludge modelling and its suitability as a first step of a literature analysis is assessed. The analysis is applied to the total dataset considered as well as a time-based classification. It can be shown that this tool is very well suited to filtering the relevant authors and publications, thus enabling a subsequent visual review. The methodology presented can also be applied to sub-disciplines or other subject areas. However, the sole use of the multiple statistical and visual tools is critically questioned. Thus, misinterpretations and apparent findings can result from structural problems in the data or parameters used. Not all of the metrics used are suitable for finding relevant publications, but rather for ranking the criteria studied. However, the latter represents the most widespread application of bibliometrics. From the analysis of the keywords, it could be deduced that there has been a temporal shift from fundamental model aspects to detailed questions such as the integration of sorption and adsorption processes or anaerobic digestion. The modelling of biological phosphorus removal has also surprisingly lost a great amount of importance in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ahnert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany E-mail:
| | - Peter Krebs
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Urban and Industrial Water Management, 01062 Dresden, Germany E-mail:
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Bopape MF, Van Geel T, Dutta A, Van der Bruggen B, Onyango MS. Numerical Modelling Assisted Design of a Compact Ultrafiltration (UF) Flat Sheet Membrane Module. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11010054. [PMID: 33466652 PMCID: PMC7828695 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing adoption of ultra-low pressure (ULP) membrane systems for drinking water treatment in small rural communities is currently hindered by a limited number of studies on module design. Detailed knowledge on both intrinsic membrane transport properties and fluid hydrodynamics within the module is essential in understanding ULP performance prediction, mass transfer analysis for scaling-up between lab-scale and industrial scale research. In comparison to hollow fiber membranes, flat sheet membranes present certain advantages such as simple manufacture, sheet replacement for cleaning, moderate packing density and low to moderate energy usage. In the present case study, a numerical model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of a novel custom flat sheet membrane module has been designed in 3D to predict fluid flow conditions. The permeate flux through the membrane decreased with an increase in spacer curviness from 2.81 L/m2h for no (0%) curviness to 2.73 L/m2h for full (100%) curviness. A parametric analysis on configuration variables was carried out to determine the optimum design variables and no significant influence of spacer inflow or outflow thickness on the fluid flow were observed. The numerical model provides the necessary information on the role of geometrical and operating parameters for fabricating a module prototype where access to technical expertise is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi F Bopape
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (M.F.B.); (T.V.G.)
| | - Tim Van Geel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (M.F.B.); (T.V.G.)
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Campus, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey;
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Maurice Stephen Onyango
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Ragessi IM, García CM, Márquez Damián S, Pozzi Piacenza C, Cantero MI. Detailed experimental and numerical characterization of turbulent flow in components of a water treatment plant. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:2117-2130. [PMID: 32198329 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed characterization of turbulence in the incoming flow to the clarification component of a water treatment plant, 'Los Molinos' (Córdoba, Argentina). The main problems were related to the presence of turbulent flow patterns throughout the treatment, affecting the proper development of the physical processes required for water clarification. Namely: (a) a poor hydraulic design that could produce a non-homogeneous spatial distribution of the flow, recirculation zones and flow stagnation, and a non-uniform discharge distribution among the sedimentation units as a result of different cross-sectional dimensions of the transverse-channel, and (b) high turbulence intensity that affect the flocs' size as well as the efficiency of the settling tanks and filters. Firstly, a detailed in-situ experimental characterization of the turbulent flow was undertaken. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to characterize the flow turbulence, whereas for discharge measurements and mean flow velocity field an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was employed. Secondly, a numerical model, based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the k-ε turbulence closure model, was validated with the experimental data. Finally, based on the results, a diagnosis and recommendations were made for the optimization of the hydraulic design of the water treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Matías Ragessi
- Centro de Estudios y Tecnología del Agua (CETA). Laboratorio de Hidráulica (LH). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Carlos Marcelo García
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología (IDIT CONICET/UNC) y CETA. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago Márquez Damián
- Centro de Investigación de Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC), UNL/CONICET, Colectora Ruta Nac. 168. Paraje El Pozo (300) Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Pozzi Piacenza
- Centro de Estudios y Tecnología del Agua (CETA). Laboratorio de Hidráulica (LH). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Mariano Ignacio Cantero
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), División de Mecánica Computacional, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA)/Instituto Balseiro (IB - CNEA - UNC), Bariloche, Argentina
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6
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Amaral A, Gillot S, Garrido-Baserba M, Filali A, Karpinska AM, Plósz BG, De Groot C, Bellandi G, Nopens I, Takács I, Lizarralde I, Jimenez JA, Fiat J, Rieger L, Arnell M, Andersen M, Jeppsson U, Rehman U, Fayolle Y, Amerlinck Y, Rosso D. Modelling gas-liquid mass transfer in wastewater treatment: when current knowledge needs to encounter engineering practice and vice versa. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2019; 80:607-619. [PMID: 31661440 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2019.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gas-liquid mass transfer in wastewater treatment processes has received considerable attention over the last decades from both academia and industry. Indeed, improvements in modelling gas-liquid mass transfer can bring huge benefits in terms of reaction rates, plant energy expenditure, acid-base equilibria and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite these efforts, there is still no universally valid correlation between the design and operating parameters of a wastewater treatment plant and the gas-liquid mass transfer coefficients. That is why the current practice for oxygen mass transfer modelling is to apply overly simplified models, which come with multiple assumptions that are not valid for most applications. To deal with these complexities, correction factors were introduced over time. The most uncertain of them is the α-factor. To build fundamental gas-liquid mass transfer knowledge more advanced modelling paradigms have been applied more recently. Yet these come with a high level of complexity making them impractical for rapid process design and optimisation in an industrial setting. However, the knowledge gained from these more advanced models can help in improving the way the α-factor and thus gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient should be applied. That is why the presented work aims at clarifying the current state-of-the-art in gas-liquid mass transfer modelling of oxygen and other gases, but also to direct academic research efforts towards the needs of the industrial practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Amaral
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ; ; MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sylvie Gillot
- Irstea, UR REVERSAAL, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne cedex F-69926, France
| | - Manel Garrido-Baserba
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA and Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
| | - Ahlem Filali
- Irstea, UR PROSE, 1 Rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - CS 10030, F-92761, Antony Cedex, France
| | - Anna M Karpinska
- Southern Water, Wastewater Wholesale Services, Asset Performance-Asset Optimisation, Southern House-Falmer, Lewes Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PY, UK
| | - Benedek G Plósz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Christopher De Groot
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Giacomo Bellandi
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ; ; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, via di S. Marta, 3, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ;
| | | | - Izaro Lizarralde
- Ceit, Manuel Lardizabal 15, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain and Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun Escuela de Ingenieros, Manuel Lardizabal 13, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jose A Jimenez
- Brown and Caldwell, 2301 Lucien Way, Suite 250, Maitland, Florida 32751, USA
| | - Justine Fiat
- Irstea, UR PROSE, 1 Rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - CS 10030, F-92761, Antony Cedex, France
| | - Leiv Rieger
- inCTRL Solutions Inc., 7 Innovation Drive Suite 107 Dundas ON L9H 7H9, Canada
| | - Magnus Arnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gjuterigatan 1D, SE-582 73 Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Ulf Jeppsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (BME), Division of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA), Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Usman Rehman
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ; ; AM-TEAM, Advanced modelling for process optimization, Okrooiplein 1 - box 601, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yannick Fayolle
- Irstea, UR PROSE, 1 Rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes - CS 10030, F-92761, Antony Cedex, France
| | - Youri Amerlinck
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ;
| | - Diego Rosso
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA and Water-Energy Nexus Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2175, USA
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Hreiz R, Potier O, Wicks J, Commenge JM. CFD Investigation of the effects of bubble aerator layouts on hydrodynamics of an activated sludge channel reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2657-2670. [PMID: 29495946 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1448001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are employed to characterize the effects of bubble aerator layouts (i.e. spatial arrangement) on the hydrodynamics in activated sludge (AS) reactors. The first configuration considered is a channel reactor with aerators placed alongside one lateral wall, for which velocity measurements are available in literature. CFD results were in good agreement with experimental data, which proves that the model is sufficiently accurate and predictive. Accordingly, simulations and numerical residence time distribution tests were conducted for different aerator layouts to determine their effects on the reactor hydrodynamics. The results revealed that the flow characteristics are extremely sensitive to the aerators arrangement given the high gas flow rates used in AS processes. Among the layouts investigated, the one where diffusers are placed all over the reactor floor has led to the least dispersive flow, i.e. which characteristics best tend toward that of an ideal plug flow reactor. Indeed, this flow field presented the lowest average turbulent diffusion and the most uniform axial velocity and turbulence fields. Such a flow behaviour is expected to be highly beneficial for biological treatment since it reduces pollutant dilution by axial diffusion and limits raw wastewater channelling to the outlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainier Hreiz
- a Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP , Nancy , France
| | | | - Jim Wicks
- b The Fluid Group, The Magdalen Centre , Oxford , UK
| | - Jean-Marc Commenge
- a Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP , Nancy , France
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8
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Zhang J, Chen X, Liu J, Huang B, Xu M. Structural characteristics of a spiral symmetry stream anaerobic bioreactor based on CFD. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Rehman U, Audenaert W, Amerlinck Y, Maere T, Arnaldos M, Nopens I. How well-mixed is well mixed? Hydrodynamic-biokinetic model integration in an aerated tank of a full-scale water resource recovery facility. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:1950-1965. [PMID: 29068327 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Current water resource recovery facility (WRRF) models only consider local concentration variations caused by inadequate mixing to a very limited extent, which often leads to a need for (rigorous) calibration. The main objective of this study is to visualize local impacts of mixing by developing an integrated hydrodynamic-biokinetic model for an aeration compartment of a full-scale WRRF. Such a model is able to predict local variations in concentrations and thus allows judging their importance at a process level. In order to achieve this, full-scale hydrodynamics have been simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) through a detailed description of the gas and liquid phases and validated experimentally. In a second step, full ASM1 biokinetic model was integrated with the CFD model to account for the impact of mixing at the process level. The integrated model was subsequently used to evaluate effects of changing influent and aeration flows on process performance. Regions of poor mixing resulting in non-uniform substrate distributions were observed even in areas commonly assumed to be well-mixed. The concept of concentration distribution plots was introduced to quantify and clearly present spatial variations in local process concentrations. Moreover, the results of the CFD-biokinetic model were concisely compared with a conventional tanks-in-series (TIS) approach. It was found that TIS model needs calibration and a single parameter set does not suffice to describe the system under both dry and wet weather conditions. Finally, it was concluded that local mixing conditions have significant consequences in terms of optimal sensor location, control system design and process evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Rehman
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bio-Informatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Wim Audenaert
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bio-Informatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Youri Amerlinck
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bio-Informatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium E-mail:
| | - Thomas Maere
- modelEAU, Département de génie civil et de génie des eaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1 V 0A6 Canada
| | - Marina Arnaldos
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bio-Informatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium E-mail: ; Acciona Agua S.A., R&D Department, Av. De les Garrigues 22, El Prat del Llobregat, Barcelona 08820, Spain
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bio-Informatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium E-mail:
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10
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Meister M, Winkler D, Rezavand M, Rauch W. Integrating hydrodynamics and biokinetics in wastewater treatment modelling by using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Comput Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Passos RG, Dias DF, von Sperling M. Review of practical aspects for modelling of stabilization ponds using Computational Fluid Dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2016.1251499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo G. Passos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 – Escola de Engenharia, Bloco 1 – sala 4622, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel F.C. Dias
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 – Escola de Engenharia, Bloco 1 – sala 4622, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcos von Sperling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 – Escola de Engenharia, Bloco 1 – sala 4622, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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12
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Wicklein E, Batstone DJ, Ducoste J, Laurent J, Griborio A, Wicks J, Saunders S, Samstag R, Potier O, Nopens I. Good modelling practice in applying computational fluid dynamics for WWTP modelling. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:969-982. [PMID: 26942517 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling in the wastewater treatment (WWT) field is continuing to grow and be used to solve increasingly complex problems. However, the future of CFD models and their value to the wastewater field are a function of their proper application and knowledge of their limits. As has been established for other types of wastewater modelling (i.e. biokinetic models), it is timely to define a good modelling practice (GMP) for wastewater CFD applications. An International Water Association (IWA) working group has been formed to investigate a variety of issues and challenges related to CFD modelling in water and WWT. This paper summarizes the recommendations for GMP of the IWA working group on CFD. The paper provides an overview of GMP and, though it is written for the wastewater application, is based on general CFD procedures. A forthcoming companion paper to provide specific details on modelling of individual wastewater components forms the next step of the working group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wicklein
- Carollo Engineers, 1218 Third Ave, Suite 1600, Seattle, WA, USA E-mail:
| | - Damien J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Level 4, Gehrmann Laboratories Building (60), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joel Ducoste
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA
| | - Julien Laurent
- ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7357), ENGEES, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alonso Griborio
- Hazen and Sawyer, 4000 Hollywood Boulevard, Suite 750N, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA
| | - Jim Wicks
- The Fluid Group, The Magdalen Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | | | - Randal Samstag
- Civil and Sanitary Engineer, PO Box 10129, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
| | - Olivier Potier
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, Université de Lorraine CNRS (UMR7274), 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy, France
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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13
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Karpinska AM, Bridgeman J. CFD-aided modelling of activated sludge systems - A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:861-879. [PMID: 26615385 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the major challenges in the wastewater sector is the successful design and reliable operation of treatment processes, which guarantee high treatment efficiencies to comply with effluent quality criteria, while keeping the investment and operating cost as low as possible. Although conceptual design and process control of activated sludge plants are key to ensuring these goals, they are still based on general empirical guidelines and operators' experience, dominated often by rule of thumb. This review paper discusses the rationale behind the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model aeration, facilitating enhancement of treatment efficiency and reduction of energy input. Several single- and multiphase approaches commonly used in CFD studies of aeration tank operation, are comprehensively described, whilst the shortcomings of the modelling assumptions imposed to evaluate mixing and mass transfer in AS tanks are identified and discussed. Examples and methods of coupling of CFD data with biokinetics, accounting for the actual flow field and its impact on the oxygen mass transfer and yield of the biological processes occurring in the aeration tanks, are also critically discussed. Finally, modelling issues, which remain unaddressed, (e.g. coupling of the AS tank with secondary clarifier and the use of population balance models to simulate bubbly flow or flocculation of the activated sludge), are also identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Karpinska
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - John Bridgeman
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Samstag RW, Ducoste JJ, Griborio A, Nopens I, Batstone DJ, Wicks JD, Saunders S, Wicklein EA, Kenny G, Laurent J. CFD for wastewater treatment: an overview. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:549-563. [PMID: 27508360 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a rapidly emerging field in wastewater treatment (WWT), with application to almost all unit processes. This paper provides an overview of CFD applied to a wide range of unit processes in water and WWT from hydraulic elements like flow splitting to physical, chemical and biological processes like suspended growth nutrient removal and anaerobic digestion. The paper's focus is on articulating the state of practice and research and development needs. The level of CFD's capability varies between different process units, with a high frequency of application in the areas of final sedimentation, activated sludge basin modelling and disinfection, and greater needs in primary sedimentation and anaerobic digestion. While approaches are comprehensive, generally capable of incorporating non-Newtonian fluids, multiphase systems and biokinetics, they are not broad, and further work should be done to address the diversity of process designs. Many units have not been addressed to date. Further needs are identified throughout, but common requirements include improved particle aggregation and breakup (flocculation), and improved coupling of biology and hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Samstag
- Civil and Sanitary Engineer, PO Box 10129, Bainbridge Island, WA, USA E-mail:
| | - J J Ducoste
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - I Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - G Kenny
- R.V. Anderson Associates, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Laurent
- Icube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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