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Akar HT, Yıldız Y, Mutluay R, Tekin E, Tokatlı A. Adult-onset carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPT II) deficiency presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. CEN Case Rep 2024; 13:81-85. [PMID: 37341884 PMCID: PMC10982194 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-023-00804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic myopathies are among the treatable causes of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT II) deficiency is one of the most common causes of recurrent myoglobinuria in adults. It is an inherited disorder of fatty acid oxidation pathway, commonly associated with elevated acylcarnitine levels. In this case report, we present a 49-year-old male patient who developed acute kidney injury after rhabdomyolysis and was thus diagnosed with CPT2 deficiency after his first episode of rhabdomyolysis. Inborn errors of metabolism should be kept in mind in patients with rhabdomyolysis. Acylcarnitine profile may be normal in CPT II deficiency, even during an acute attack, and molecular genetic diagnostics should be applied if there is high index of clinical suspicion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Tuna Akar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Metabolism Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yılmaz Yıldız
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Metabolism Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rüya Mutluay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Emel Tekin
- Department of Pathology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Tokatlı
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Metabolism Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Identification of Genetic Effects of ACADVL and IRF6 Genes with Milk Production Traits of Holstein Cattle in China. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122393. [PMID: 36553659 PMCID: PMC9777597 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput sequencing, RNA sequencing has been widely used in the identification of candidate genes for complex traits in livestock, and the functional genes and mutations with large genetic effects on milk production traits can provide molecular information for marker-assisted selection to increase the selection accuracy and accelerate genetic gain in dairy cattle. Our previous study on the liver transcriptome of Holstein cows found that acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADVL) and interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) are differentially expressed between dry and peak lactation periods, as well as that they are involved in lipid metabolism and the proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. Thus, the two genes were considered candidates for milk traits. Hence, this study further collected 1186 Holstein cows from 110 sire families to investigate their genetic associations with milk yield and composition traits. By resequencing the entire exons and 2000 bp of the 5' and 3' flanking regions of the two genes, we identified eight SNPs in ACADVL and eight SNPs in IRF6. Subsequent single-locus association analyses showed that the eight SNPs in ACADVL were all significantly associated with milk fat yield, fat percentage, and protein yield (p values ≤ 0.0001-0.0414), and the eight SNPs in IRF6 were associated with milk, fat, and protein yields in the first or second lactation (p values ≤ 0.0001-0.0467). Using Haploview 4.2, one haplotype block with eight of the SNPs in ACADVL (D' = 0.99-1.00) and two haplotype blocks in IRF6 with three of the SNPs in each were observed (D' = 0.98-1.00). Similarly, the haplotype combinations of ACADVL were significantly associated with milk yield, fat percentage, fat yield, and protein yield in the two lactations (p values ≤ 0.0001-0.0125), and those of IRF6 were associated with five milk traits (p values ≤ 0.0001-0.0263). Furthermore, with the JASPAR software, it was predicted that the SNPs 19:g.26933503T>C in ACADVL and 16:g.73501985G>A in IRF6 changed the transcription factor binding sites of ZEB1, PLAGL2, and RHOXF1, implying their impacts on the expressions of the corresponding genes. Our findings demonstrated that the ACADVL and IRF6 genes have significant genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits, and the valuable SNPs might be used as genetic markers for genomic selection programs in dairy cattle.
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Severity estimation of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency via 13C-fatty acid loading test. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1391-1399. [PMID: 35136200 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical severity of very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is difficult to predict using conventional diagnostic methods. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 14 VLCAD deficiency patients and 23 healthy adults were loaded with carbon-13-universally labeled (U-13C-) fatty acids. Differences in acylcarnitine ratios between the patients and healthy groups and correlations between acylcarnitine ratios and a newly established clinical severity score (CSS) in the patient group were statistically examined. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in the 13C-C2/13C-C18 and 13C-C12/13C-C14 ratios in the U-13C-stearic acid loading test and in the 13C-C2/13C-C18:1 and 13C-C12:1/13C-C14:1 ratios in the U-13C-oleic acid loading test in the patient group. The values of each ratio were significantly correlated with the CSS, suggesting that they could predict disease severity. Additionally, patients with a higher 13C-C16/13C-C18 ratio than the 13C-C14/13C-C18 ratio in the U-13C-stearic acid loading test had a significantly higher CSS and were presumed to have more severe disease. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that this method could be used to predict the clinical severity of VLCAD deficiency, and identify patients at a risk of severe disease. IMPACT We established a novel method to predict the severity of VLCAD deficiency by performing a loading test with carbon-13-labeled fatty acids on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The U-13C-oleic acid loading test was useful for comparing the patient group with the control group in terms of disease severity. The U-13C-stearic acid loading test was useful for identifying the more severely affected patients. These methods are relatively less invasive and enable rapid evaluation of the clinical severity.
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Osawa Y, Kobayashi H, Tajima G, Hara K, Yamada K, Fukuda S, Hasegawa Y, Aisaki J, Yuasa M, Hata I, Okada S, Shigematsu Y, Sasai H, Fukao T, Takizawa T, Yamaguchi S, Taketani T. The frequencies of very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency genetic variants in Japan have changed since the implementation of expanded newborn screening. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:74-79. [PMID: 35400565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency has been a target of expanded newborn screening (ENBS) using tandem mass spectrometry in Japan. Since the implementation of ENBS, a number of novel ACADVL variants responsible for VLCAD deficiency have been identified. In this study, genotypic differences in Japanese patients with VLCAD deficiency were investigated before and after ENBS. The ACADVL variants in 61 subjects identified through ENBS (ENBS group) and in 40 patients who subsequently developed clinical symptoms without undergoing ENBS (pre-ENBS group) were compared. Subjects in the ENBS group underwent genetic testing and/or VLCAD enzyme activity measurements. Patients in the pre-ENBS group were stratified into three clinical phenotypes and underwent genetic testing. This study revealed that the variants p.K264E, p.K382Q and c.996dupT were found in both groups, but their frequencies were lower in the ENBS group (5.2%, 3.1% and 4.2%, respectively) than in the pre-ENBS group (16.5%, 12.7% and 10.1%, respectively). In addition, p.C607S, p.T409M, p.M478I, p.G289R, p.C237R, p.T260M, and p.R229* were exclusively identified in the ENBS group. Among these variants, p.C607S exhibited the highest frequency (18.8%). The patients who were heterozygous for p.C607S demonstrated 7-42% of control enzyme activity. p.C607S is suspected to be unique to Japanese individuals. According to a comparison of enzyme activity, patients with the p.C607S variant may exhibit higher enzyme activity than those with the p.A416T, p.A180T, p.R450H, and p.K264E variants, which are responsible for the myopathic form of the disease. The VLCAD deficiency genotypes have changed since the initiation of ENBS in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Osawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan; Division of Laboratory, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Go Tajima
- Division of Neonatal Screening, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Hara
- Department of Pediatrics, The NHO Kure Medical Center, Kure, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Seiji Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Junko Aisaki
- Division of Neonatal Screening, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Miori Yuasa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Ikue Hata
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biochemical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Shigematsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Sasai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takumi Takizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
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