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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Tse G, Bazoukis G, Letsas K, Goudis C, Korantzopoulos P, Li G, Liu T. Association between sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 381:20-36. [PMID: 37023861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently coexist and show a bidirectional relationship. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to decipher the precise relationship between SSS and AF, further exploring and comparing different therapy strategies on the occurrence or progression of AF in patients with SSS. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic literature search was conducted until November 2022. A total of 35 articles with 37,550 patients were included. Patients with SSS were associated with new-onset AF compared to those without SSS. Catheter ablation was associated with a lower risk of AF recurrence, AF progression, all-cause mortality, stroke and hospitalization of heart failure compared to pacemaker therapy. Regarding the different pacing strategies for SSS, VVI/VVIR has higher risk of new-onset AF than DDD/DDDR. No significant difference was found between AAI/AAIR and DDD/DDDR, as well as between DDD/DDDR and minimal ventricular pacing (MVP) for AF recurrence. AAI/AAIR was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality when compared to DDD/DDDR, but lower risk of cardiac death when compared to DDD/DDDR. Right atrial septum pacing was associated with a similar risk of new-onset AF or AF recurrence compared to right atrial appendage pacing. CONCLUSION SSS is associated with a higher risk of AF. For patients with both SSS and AF, catheter ablation should be considered. This meta-analysis re-emphasizes that high percentage of ventricular pacing should be avoided in patients with SSS in order to decrease AF burden and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China; Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong, Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - George Bazoukis
- Department of Cardiology, Larnaca General Hospital, Inomenon Polition Amerikis, Larnaca, Cyprus; Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Letsas
- Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Goudis
- Department of Cardiology, Serres General Hospital, 45110 Serres, Greece
| | | | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Morita N, Iida T, Nanao T, Ushijima A, Ueno A, Ikari Y, Kobayashi Y. Effect of ganglionated plexi ablation by high-density mapping on long-term suppression of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation - The first clinical survey on ablation of the dorsal right plexusus. Heart Rhythm O2 2021; 2:480-488. [PMID: 34667963 PMCID: PMC8505203 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term outcomes of suppressing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) with additive ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation (GPA) remains unknown. Objectives The aim of the study is to assess potential role of additional GPA for PAF suppression. Methods This study consisted of 225 patients; 68 (group A: 58 male, aged 60 ± 11 years) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone and 157 (group B: 137 male, aged 61 ± 11 years) GPA followed by PVI. GPA was performed based on the high-density mapping with high-frequency stimulation (HFS) delivered to left atrial (LA) major GP. The latter 85 group B patients (54%) underwent ablation to a posteromedial area within superior vena cava as a part of dorsal right atrial GP (SVC-Ao GP). Results In group B, HFS was applied to 126 ± 32 sites, with a median of 47 GP sites (40.0%) being ablated. In patients undergoing an SVC-Ao GPA, HFS and the SVC-Ao GPA were applied at a median of 15 and 4 sites (29.4%), respectively. The PVI with a GPA provided higher PAF suppression than a PVI alone during more than 4 years of follow-up (56.7% vs 38.2%, odds ratio: 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.76, P < .05), but the SVC-Ao GPA did not provide further suppressive effects. Multivariate analyses revealed that tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome and non-PV foci were independent predictors of PAF recurrence after PVI with a GPA (P < .01). Conclusion GPA to LA major GP by high-density mapping provides long-term benefits for PAF suppression over 4 years of follow-up, but the effect of an empiric SVC-Ao GPA could not be appreciated, suggesting little effect on suppressing non-PV foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norishige Morita
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iida
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Nanao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Ushijima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Ueno
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Cho SC, Jin ES, Om SY, Hwang KW, Choi HO, Kim KH, Kim SH, Park KM, Kim J, Choi KJ, Kim YH, Nam GB. Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation versus Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Patients with Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome. Korean Circ J 2020; 50:998-1009. [PMID: 32812404 PMCID: PMC7596208 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2020.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pacemaker (PM) implantation is a well-accepted treatment option for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and related tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome (TBS). Data on the long-term clinical outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) or PM implantation are sparse. METHODS The medical records of 217 patients with TBS were retrospectively assessed. Outcomes in patients who underwent RFCA (n=108, 49.8%) were compared to those with PM implantation (n=109, 50.2%). The clinical outcomes were sinus rhythm maintenance, conversion to persistent AF, additional procedure or crossover, and the composite of cardiovascular hospitalization and death. RESULTS During the follow-up period (mean 3.5±2.0 years), the RFCA group, compared to the PM group, showed better sinus rhythm maintenance (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.46; p=0.002) and less progression to persistent AF (aHR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.63; p=0.006). Additional procedure or crossover did not differ significantly between the groups (aHR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.71-6.06; p=0.185 and aHR, 0.69; 95% CI, 10.8-2.67; p=0.590, respectively). Most RFCA patients (92.6%) did not require pacemaker implantation during long term follow-up period (>3.5 years). The composite endpoint of cardiovascular rehospitalization and death was not significantly different between the groups (aHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.50-1.66; p=0.769). CONCLUSIONS RFCA is an effective alternative to PM implantation in patients with TBS. In these patients, successful RF ablation of AF is related to a higher rate of sinus rhythm maintenance compared to PM implantation, and the composite outcome of cardiovascular rehospitalization and death is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Cheol Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jin
- Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Om
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Won Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Oh Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Joon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Byoung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Omori T, Fujii E, Kagawa Y, Fujita S, Kitamura T, Ito M. Twitching of the Pacemaker Pocket Induced by Radiofrequency Energy Delivery to the Cavotricuspid Isthmus. Intern Med 2018; 57:961-964. [PMID: 29269673 PMCID: PMC5919853 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9688-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An 82-year-old man with a permanent pacemaker (PM) implanted for sick sinus syndrome complained of palpitation due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter. During extensive pulmonary vein isolation, the atrial lead was dislodged to the level of the tricuspid annulus. Radiofrequency energy delivery to the cavotricuspid isthmus reproducibly caused twitching of the PM pocket. The atrial lead was repositioned to the right atrial appendage, PM check revealed no functional change in the PM or lead performance. This is the first reported case of twitching of the PM pocket due to electromagnetic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Omori
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eitaro Fujii
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kagawa
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Osaka Y, Takigawa M, Takahashi A, Kuwahara T, Okubo K, Takahashi Y, Tanaka Y, Kawaguchi N, Yamao K, Watari Y, Nakashima E, Nakajima J, Takagi K, Fujino T, Kimura S, Hikita H, Hirao K, Isobe M. The proportion of asymptomatic recurrence after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with a pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2017; 17:125-131. [PMID: 29192587 PMCID: PMC5652287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Catheter ablation (CA) of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is an effective treatment. However, the frequency of asymptomatic AF recurrence after CA in patients with PAF and sick sinus syndrome (SSS) is not clear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the real AF recurrence after CA in patients with PAF and a pacemaker for SSS. Methods and results Fifty-one consecutive patients (mean age 66.6 ± 7.0 years, male 34) with PAF and SSS and pacemakers underwent CA. All patients were followed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the CA using a 12-lead ECG, Holter-ECG, and 1-month event recorder as a conventional follow-up. In addition, the pacemakers were interrogated every 12 months. During a 5-year follow-up after the final CA procedure, AF recurrences were observed in 7 patients (13.7%) with a conventional follow-up, including 1 (2.0%) asymptomatic patient. Pacemaker-interrogation revealed another 10 patients (19.6%) with asymptomatic AF recurrences. Ultimately, the conventional follow-up plus pacemaker-interrogation provided a higher incidence of AF recurrences (P = 0.009). Multiple CA procedures contributed to a significant increase in the AF-free survival rate at 5 years: 58.6% after a single CA and 86.0% after multiple CA procedures with a conventional follow-up, but which decreased to 40.6% and 60.9% with a conventional follow-up plus a pacemaker interrogation, respectively. Conclusions One-third of PAF patients with SSS and pacemakers recurred after multiple CA sessions. However, 65% of them were asymptomatic and difficult to be identified with conventional follow-up. Pacemaker interrogation significantly increased the detection rate of AF-recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Osaka
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masateru Takigawa
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Taishi Kuwahara
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kenji Okubo
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Yasuaki Tanaka
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | | | - Kazuya Yamao
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yuji Watari
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Emiko Nakashima
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Takagi
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Fujino
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kimura
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikita
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hirao
- Heart Rhythm Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Hayashi K, Fukunaga M, Yamaji K, An Y, Nagashima M, Hiroshima K, Ohe M, Makihara Y, Yamashita K, Ando K, Iwabuchi M, Goya M. Impact of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Sick Sinus Syndrome - Important Role of Non-Pulmonary Vein Foci. Circ J 2016; 80:887-94. [PMID: 26936115 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy of catheter ablation (CA) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and the mechanism and predictors of recurrence are not yet completely elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 963 consecutive patients who underwent PAF ablation during the study period, a total of 108 patients with SSS (SSS group) and 108 matched controls without SSS (non-SSS group) were followed up. During the follow-up period (mean, 32.8±17.5 months), the SSS group had significantly higher AF recurrence rate since the last procedure than the non-SSS group (26.9% vs. 12.0%; P=0.02). The SSS group had significantly higher prevalence of non-pulmonary vein (non-PV) foci than the non-SSS group (25.9% vs. 13.9%; P=0.027). On multivariate analysis congestive heart failure (HR, 13.7; 95% CI: 1.57-119; P=0.02) and non-PV foci (HR, 5.75; 95% CI: 1.69-19.6; P=0.005) were independent predictors of recurrence following CA in the SSS group. In the SSS group, 88 patients had bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome without prior permanent pacemaker implantation. Of these, 6 required pacemaker implantation because of AF and sinus pause recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SSS are at higher risk of AF recurrence after CA. Non-PV foci are associated with AF recurrence following PAF with SSS.
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Wu JT, Long DY, Dong JZ, Wang SL, Fan XW, Yang HT, Duan HY, Yan LJ, Qian P, Yang CK. Advanced interatrial block predicts clinical recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation. J Cardiol 2015; 68:352-6. [PMID: 26611936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that advanced interatrial block (IAB) is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF); however, the impact of advanced IAB on recurrence of paroxysmal AF after catheter ablation is not clear. METHODS 204 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent index circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation were prospectively enrolled. In all patients, a resting electrocardiogram in sinus rhythm was evaluated for the presence of advanced IAB, defined as a P-wave duration >120ms and biphasic (±) morphology in the inferior leads. Advanced IAB was detected in 20.1% of patients. AF recurrence was defined as the occurrence of confirmed atrial tachyarrhythmia lasting more than 30s beyond 3 months after the catheter ablation in the absence of any antiarrhythmic treatment. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of 13.9±6.2 months (range, 3-27 months), 62 patients (30.4%) developed recurrence of AF. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with advanced IAB than those without advanced IAB (46.3% vs. 26.4%, p=0.006). Cox regression analysis with adjustment for age, P-wave duration, CHADS2 score, and PV isolation identified advanced IAB (hazard ratio, 2.111; 95% confidence interval, 1.034-4.308; p=0.040) and left atrial diameter (hazard ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.004-1.100; p=0.034) as two independent predictors of recurrence of AF. CONCLUSIONS Patients with advanced IAB were at an increased risk of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Yong Long
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Ling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wei Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao-Kuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China.
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Yoshida K, Kaneshiro T, Ito Y, Kimata A, Koda N, Hiraya D, Baba M, Misaki M, Takeyasu N, Yamaguchi I, Aonuma K. Elevated plasma norepinephrine level and sick sinus syndrome in patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Heart 2015; 101:1133-8. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-307334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wu JT, Dong JZ, Wang SL, Chu YJ, Wang LX, Yang CK. Efficacy of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With a Permanent Pacemaker for Atrioventricular Block. Int Heart J 2014; 55:489-93. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Atrial Fibrillation, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Shan-Ling Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University
| | - Ying-Jie Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University
| | - Chao-Kuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University
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