1
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Klöppner L, Harps LC, Parr MK. Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics. Molecules 2024; 29:330. [PMID: 38257243 PMCID: PMC10818438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The misuse of growth-promoting drugs such as beta-2 agonists and steroids is a known problem in farming and sports competitions. Prior to the analysis of biological samples via liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC)-MS, sufficient sample preparation is required to reliably identify or determine the residues of drugs. In practice, broad screening methods are often used to save time and analyze as many compounds as possible. This review was conceptualized to analyze the literature from 2018 until October 2023 for sample preparation procedures applied to animal specimens before LC- or GC-MS analysis. The animals were either used in farming or sports. In the present review, solid phase extraction (SPE) was observed as the dominant sample clean-up technique for beta-2 agonists and steroids, followed by protein precipitation. For the extraction of beta-2 agonists, mixed-mode cation exchanger-based SPE phases were preferably applied, while for the steroids, various types of SPE materials were reported. Furthermore, dispersive SPE-based QuEChERs were utilized. Combinatory use of SPE and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was observed to cover further drug classes in addition to beta-2 agonists in broader screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (L.K.); (L.C.H.)
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2
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Chen W, Cheng X, Ma Y, Chen N. Foodborne doping and supervision in sports. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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3
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Luo L, Pan Y, Li Q, Zhang Y, Chen C, Shen J, Wang Z. Current progress in the detection of adrenergic receptor agonist residues in animal-derived foods. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Ouyang S, Yu S, Le Y. Current Advances in Immunoassays for the Detection of β2-Agonists. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060803. [PMID: 35327226 PMCID: PMC8947354 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β2-agonists are a group of synthetic phenylethanolamine compounds which are traditionally used for treating bronchospasm. These compounds can also increase skeletal muscle mass and decrease body fat. The illegal use of β2-agonists in food-producing animals results in residue of β2-agonists in edible tissues and causes adverse health effects in humans. Thus, the detection of β2-agonists at trace level in complex sample matrices is of great importance for monitoring the abuse of β2-agonists. Many methods have been developed to detect β2-agonists. Among them, a variety of antigen–antibody interaction-based techniques have been established to detect β2-agonists in various samples, including animal feed, urine, serum, milk, tissues and hair. In this review, we summarized current achievement in the extraction of β2-agonists from testing samples and detection of β2-agonists using immunological techniques. Future perspectives were briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shuting Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; (S.O.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Guarding food safety with conventional and up-conversion near-infrared fluorescent sensors. J Adv Res 2022; 41:129-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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6
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Ouyang S, Zhang D, Zhu T, Yu S, Wunier, Hu QN, Le Y. Development of 3D-QSAR models for predicting the activities of chemicals to stimulate muscle growth via β 2-adrenoceptor. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 77:105251. [PMID: 34601065 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
β2-adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists can stimulate skeletal muscle growth. Their illegal use in food-producing animals, human athletes and bodybuilders causes adverse health effects. In the present study, we developed 3D-QSAR models for predicting the activity of chemicals which can stimulate skeletal muscle growth through β2AR. The activity of 25 β2AR agonists was measured by β2AR-cAMP response element (CRE) -luciferase (Luc) reporter assay. The 3D-QSAR models were built using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The CoMFA and CoMSIA models displayed high external predictability (R2 0.996 and 0.992, respectively) and good statistical robustness, and revealed that electrostatic effects were the most prominent forces influencing the activity of β2AR agonists. The CoMFA and CoMSIA contour plots provided clues regarding the main chemical features responsible for the activity variations and also resulted in predictions which correlate very well with the observed activity. In vitro study with differentiated myotubes showed that the potency orders of β2AR agonists in activating the β2AR-CRE-Luc reporter and in upregulating CREB target genes related to muscle growth were consistent. These 3D-QSAR models provide tools for predicting the activity of chemicals which might be illegally used in livestock or humans to stimulate skeletal muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Ouyang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuting Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wunier
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian-Nan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, China.
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7
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Glushkova MA, Popkov SV, Martsynkevich AM, Burdeinyi ML. Synthesis of β2-Agonist Metabolites of 2-(4-Amino-3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(Alkylamino)Ethanols and their Excretion with Urine in Comparison to the Initial Compounds. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Blears E, Ross E, Ogunbileje JO, Porter C, Murton AJ. The impact of catecholamines on skeletal muscle following massive burns: Friend or foe? Burns 2021; 47:756-764. [PMID: 33568281 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Profound skeletal muscle wasting in the setting of total body hypermetabolism is a defining characteristic of massive burns, compromising the patient's recovery and necessitating a protracted period of rehabilitation. In recent years, the prolonged use of the non-selective beta-blocker, propranolol, has gained prominence as an effective tool to assist with suppressing epinephrine-dependent burn-induced hypermetabolism and by extension, blunting muscle catabolism. However, synthetic β-adrenergic agonists, such as clenbuterol, are widely associated with the promotion of muscle growth in both animals and humans. Moreover, experimental adrenodemedullation is known to result in muscle catabolism. Therefore, the blunting of muscle β-adrenergic signaling via the use of propranolol would be expected to negatively impair muscle protein homeostasis. This review explores these paradoxical observations and identifies the manner by which propranolol is thought to exert its anti-catabolic effects in burn patients. Moreover, we identify potential avenues by which the use of beta-blocker therapy in the treatment of massive burns could potentially be further refined to promote the recovery of muscle mass in these critically ill patients while continuing to ameliorate total body hypermetabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Blears
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan Ross
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - John O Ogunbileje
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Andrew J Murton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center of Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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9
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Jędrejko K, Lazur J, Muszyńska B. Risk Associated with the Use of Selected Ingredients in Food Supplements. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2000686. [PMID: 33410585 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on four new product categories of food supplements: pre-workout, fat burner/thermogenic, brain/cognitive booster, and hormone/testosterone booster. Many food supplements have been shown to be contaminated with unauthorized substances. In some cases, the ingredients in the new categories of dietary supplements were medicinal products or new synthetic compounds added without performing clinical trials. Some of the new ingredients in dietary supplements are plant materials that are registered in the pharmacopoeia as herbal medicines. In other cases, dietary supplements may contain plant materials that have no history of human use and are often used as materials to 'camouflage' stimulants. In the European Union, new ingredients of dietary supplements, according to European Food Safety Authority or unauthorized novel food. Furthermore, selected ingredients in dietary supplements may be prohibited in sports and are recognized as doping agents by World Anti-Doping Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jędrejko
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9 Street, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Lazur
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9 Street, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medyczna 9 Street, PL, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Glushkova MA, Popkov SV, Martsynkevich AM. Synthesis and Pharmacokinetics of 2-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(alkylamino)ethanols - Structural Isomers of β2 Agonists Clenproperol and Clenpenterol. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lv R, Wu E, Wu R, Shen W, Ma C, Shi R, Guo R, Shao M, Liu J. Sensitive detection of clenbuterol by hybrid iridium/silicon nanowire-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7792-7800. [PMID: 32747886 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing demand for anti-doping drug monitoring in sports and food safety checks by developing sensitive and fast analytical methods. Here we report the development of hybrid Ir/SiNW as a new MALDI matrix for the detection of small molecules. This matrix is characterized by sufficient UV absorption, low-noise background, and high efficiency in ionization of small molecules. Sensitive detection of clenbuterol (LOD: 0.18 pmol) and a variety of other small molecules has been achieved using the Ir/SiNW matrix with a reproducible performance. Compared to the individual components separately, the matrix of hybrid Ir/SiNW synthesized via in situ growth can promote the MS signal intensity by up to 10 fold under identical experimental conditions. We provide a unique mechanism for the high performance of the hybrid Ir/SiNW matrix with the characteristic properties of hydrogen atom transfer and enhanced protonation at the interface of the hybrid nanostructures. Our approach of using a hybrid Ir/SiNW matrix enables detection of clenbuterol quantitatively in complicated biological samples and in vivo experiments, promising a useful tool for food security and anti-doping drug monitoring in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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12
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Dietary Supplement and Food Contaminations and Their Implications for Doping Controls. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081012. [PMID: 32727139 PMCID: PMC7466328 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A narrative review with an overall aim of indicating the current state of knowledge and the relevance concerning food and supplement contamination and/or adulteration with doping agents and the respective implications for sports drug testing is presented. The identification of a doping agent (or its metabolite) in sports drug testing samples constitutes a violation of the anti-doping rules defined by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Reasons for such Adverse Analytical Findings (AAFs) include the intentional misuse of performance-enhancing/banned drugs; however, also the scenario of inadvertent administrations of doping agents was proven in the past, caused by, amongst others, the ingestion of contaminated dietary supplements, drugs, or food. Even though controversial positions concerning the effectiveness of dietary supplements in healthy subjects exist, they are frequently used by athletes, anticipating positive effects on health, recovery, and performance. However, most supplement users are unaware of the fact that the administration of such products can be associated with unforeseeable health risks and AAFs in sports. In particular anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and stimulants have been frequently found as undeclared ingredients of dietary supplements, either as a result of cross-contaminations due to substandard manufacturing practices and missing quality controls or an intentional admixture to increase the effectiveness of the preparations. Cross-contaminations were also found to affect therapeutic drug preparations. While the sensitivity of assays employed to test pharmaceuticals for impurities is in accordance with good manufacturing practice guidelines allowing to exclude any physiological effects, minute trace amounts of contaminating compounds can still result in positive doping tests. In addition, food was found to be a potential source of unintentional doping, the most prominent example being meat tainted with the anabolic agent clenbuterol. The athletes’ compliance with anti-doping rules is frequently tested by routine doping controls. Different measures including offers of topical information and education of the athletes as well as the maintenance of databases summarizing low- or high-risk supplements are important cornerstones in preventing unintentional anti-doping rule violations. Further, the collection of additional analytical data has been shown to allow for supporting result management processes.
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13
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Horse meat sold as beef and consequent clenbuterol residues in the unregulated Mexican marketplace. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.107028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Determination and removal of clenbuterol with a stable fluorescent zirconium(IV)-based metal organic framework. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:454. [PMID: 31201535 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A metal organic framework (MOF) based adsorbent of type UiO-66 was hydrothermally prepared and applied to simultaneous sensing and removal of the asthma drug clenbuterol. The MOF possesses a large specific surface area (1460 cm2·g-1) and a stable structure, and has a large adsorption capacity for clenbuterol (160 mg·g-1). If clenbuterol binds to the MOF, the fluorescence of the sorbent (best measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 290/396 nm) is quenched by up to 88%. Based on these findings, a fluorometric assay has been developed for the rapid determination of clenbuterol. The adsorption equilibrium of UiO-66 for CLB can be achieved at 60 min and the adsorption efficiency is above 80%. The method has a linear response in the 4.0 to 40 ng·mL-1 concentration range, and the lower limit of detection is 0.17 μM. All of this indicates that UiO-66 is promising for simultaneous detection and the removal of CLB in water. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the detection and removal of clenbuterol in water medium by a stable fluorescent Zr(IV)-based metal organic framework. This method exhibited a large adsorption capacity for clenbuterol (160 mg/g) and low limit of detection (0.17 μM).
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15
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Dolores HM, Villaseñor A, Piña OS, Mercado Márquez C, Bejarano BV, Bonaparte MEG, López-Arellano R. Evaluation of R- (-) and S- (+) Clenbuterol enantiomers during a doping cycle or continuous ingestion of contaminated meat using chiral liquid chromatography by LC-TQ-MS. Drug Test Anal 2019; 11:1238-1247. [PMID: 31069953 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol is known to improve competition resistance and muscular growth in athletes. Although it is an illegal drug, its use by farmers is widely spread to induce growth of their cattle. Thus, when clenbuterol is found in the urine of an athlete, there is doubt whether it was consumed with doping purposes or if it is due to the consumption of meat from a clenbuterol-fed animal. Previous studies suggest that enantiomeric relationship of clenbuterol may be different according to the intake source. However, the enantiomeric relationship throughout a doping cycle or a continuous intake of contaminated meat has not yet been explored. In this first approximation, our aim was the development and validation of a sensitive and rapid method for the determination of S- (+) and R- (─) clenbuterol enantiomers to be used in a controlled study in rats fed for one week with contaminated meat or simulating a doping cycle. Enantiomers were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole analyzer (LC-TQ-MS) and were separated on an AGP Chiralpak column. The method was fully validated following the VICH (Veterinary International Conference on Harmonization guidelines) and was linear in the range of 12.5-800 pg/mL with a correlation coefficient of ≥0.98 for each enantiomer, and with a limit of quantitation and detection (LOQ and LOD) of 12.5 pg/mL and 6.5 pg/mL, respectively, for both enantiomers. The application of this method pointed out the shift of the enantiomeric relationship in urine from rats during the first five days of the doping cycle compared to those fed with contaminated meat. This finding can be of substantial importance in further doping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernández Mariana Dolores
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development Tests, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Faculty of Higher Education Cuautitlán, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico state
| | - Alma Villaseñor
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olmos Sofia Piña
- Laboratory of Cellular Toxicology, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico state
| | - Crisóforo Mercado Márquez
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico State, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Velasco Bejarano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Section of Organic Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Gonsebatt Bonaparte
- Genomic Medicine and Environmental Toxicology Research, Biomedical Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University Exterior Circuit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Development Tests, Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Faculty of Higher Education Cuautitlán, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico state
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16
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Boschetti E, Hernández-Castellano LE, Righetti PG. Progress in farm animal proteomics: The contribution of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries. J Proteomics 2019; 197:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Zeng Y, Liang D, Zheng P, Peng T, Sun S, Mari GM, Jiang H. Immunochromatographic fluorometric determination of clenbuterol with enhanced sensitivity. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:225. [PMID: 30848375 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A method is described to enhance the sensitivity of an immunochromatographic assay for clenbuterol (CLE) by making use of dually-labeled gold nanoparticles (GNPs), background fluorescence blocking, and immunomagnetic separation. The GNPs were labeled with biotinylated antibody and streptavidin, respectively, and dually labeled GNPs were obtained via the biotin-streptavidin interaction to amplify the detection signal. The fluorescent signal was blocked by dually labeled GNPs and decreased as the dually labeled GNPs aggregation increases on nitrocellulose membrane, which derived from fluorescent polyvinylchloride card. However, fluorescence (measured at excitation/emission wavelengths of 518/580 nm) recovers when CLE reacts with dually labeled GNPs. Immunomagnetic separation was first applied for sample pretreatment. This can offset the matrix effect and improves the sensitivity and accuracy of the assay. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection of CLE visually were 0.25 μg·L-1. In addition, clenbuterol can be quantified in swine urine with a 0.03 μg·L-1 detection limit. This is 60-fold lower than current immunochromatography. Response is linear in the 0.06-0.59 μg·L-1 concentration range, and the recoveries from spiked swine urine range from 81 to 115%." Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the strategies for improving sensitivity of immunochromatographic assay. It includes immunomagnetic separations, dually-labeled gold nanoparticles and background fluorescence blocking. The assay was applied to detect clenbuterol (CLE) in swine urine with an excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Mari
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li C, Adhikari BK, Gao L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Wang Y, Sun J. Performance-Enhancing Drugs Abuse Caused Cardiomyopathy and Acute Hepatic Injury in a Young Bodybuilder. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1700-1704. [PMID: 29926766 PMCID: PMC6142118 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318783504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) are used illicitly to improve muscle strength by the bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to different organs. A previously healthy 22-year-old male bodybuilder after taking stanozolol, clenbuterol, and triiodothyronine for 10 days presented to the hospital with symptoms of icteric sclera, progressive dyspnea, intermittent cough, and bloody sputum. He was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injury. Rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and acute hepatic injury among bodybuilders in such a short period of time have not been reported. People using these drugs must monitor liver and cardiac functions regularly, and they should discontinue using PEDs after diagnosis of liver or cardiac abnormalities. Physicians should always consider the possibility of the PED abuse in the context of a young athlete suffering cardiomyopathy or hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Gao
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Lv M, Liu Y, Geng J, Kou X, Xin Z, Yang D. Engineering nanomaterials-based biosensors for food safety detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Tang Y, Gao J, Liu X, Gao X, Ma T, Lu X, Li J. Ultrasensitive detection of clenbuterol by a covalent imprinted polymer as a biomimetic antibody. Food Chem 2017; 228:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Gao X, Lv C, Ma T, Lu X, Li J. Visual flow-through column biomimetic immunoassay using molecularly imprinted polymer as artificial antibody for rapid detection of clenbuterol in water sample. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1320359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Tang
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Gao
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changxin Lv
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science & Project Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Lin YP, Lee YL, Hung CY, Huang WJ, Lin SC. Determination of multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in muscle and viscera using liquid chromatograph/tandem mass spectrometry with Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe methodologies. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:275-284. [PMID: 28911668 PMCID: PMC9332531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The official analytical method of the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare for testing for veterinary drug residues in foods is the multiresidue analysis of β-agonists. Samples are pretreated through liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. This method is time consuming and requires the intensive use of solvents. To improve analytical efficiency and reduce costs, our study incorporated QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) techniques to establish a new method of multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in animal muscle and viscera. The pretreatment time was shortened and solvent usage was minimized. The modified analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring. The results demonstrated that the correlation coefficients of the tissue calibration curve were higher than 0.99 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ppb. The average recoveries in spiked samples varied from 70% to 120%, and the relative difference between duplicated analysis results was lower than 10%. On the basis of the results, the proposed method was concluded to be an appropriate procedure for determining the presence of β-agonists, and demonstrated the advantages of high recovery rates in spiked samples, high precision, reduced analysis time and solvent usage, and lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ping Lin
- Corresponding authors. Public Health Bureau, Tainan City Government, No. 163, Dongsing Rd., Sinying District, Tainan City 730, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail addresses: (Y.-P. Lin), (Y.-L. Lee)
| | - Ying-Lin Lee
- Corresponding authors. Public Health Bureau, Tainan City Government, No. 163, Dongsing Rd., Sinying District, Tainan City 730, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail addresses: (Y.-P. Lin), (Y.-L. Lee)
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23
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You X, Yang S, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Cheng Y, Hou C, Xu Z. Study on the abuse of amantadine in tissues of broiler chickens by HPLC-MS/MS. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:539-544. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. You
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
- School of Life Science and Technology; Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology; Baotou China
| | - S. Yang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - J. Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - L. Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Y. Cheng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - C. Hou
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
| | - Z. Xu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality; Ministry of Agriculture; Beijing China
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24
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Yu M, Hu Y, Liu J. Simultaneous detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine based on multiplexed competitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate a competitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunoassay for multiplexed detection of clenbuterol and ractopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science
- College of Biophotonics
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhi Liu
- School of Life Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- People's Republic of China
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25
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Han S, Zhou T, Yin B, He P. A sensitive and semi-quantitative method for determination of multi-drug residues in animal body fluids using multiplex dipstick immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 927:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Hakk H, Shelver WL, Casey FXM. Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil-water systems. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 45:40-48. [PMID: 27372117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter (OM). Sampling of the liquid layer for 14days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4hr, and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%-51% of the dose at 14days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption, these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils, may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldur Hakk
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
| | - Weilin L Shelver
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Francis X M Casey
- Department of Soil Sciences, North Dakota State University, Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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27
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Wang P, Wang R, Zhang W, Su X, Luo H. Novel fabrication of immunochromatographic assay based on up conversion phosphors for sensitive detection of clenbuterol. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:866-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Determination of clenbuterol in pork and potable water samples by molecularly imprinted polymer through the use of covalent imprinting method. Food Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Khaemba GW, Tochi BN, Mukunzi D, Joel I, Guo L, Suryobrobowo S, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C. Development of monoclonal antibody and lateral test strip for sensitive detection of clenbuterol and related β2-agonists in urine samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1079598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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30
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Upconversion particles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers as fluorescence probe for detection of clenbuterol. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:44-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Li T, Cao J, Li Z, Wang X, He P. Broad screening and identification of β-agonists in feed and animal body fluid and tissues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry combined with spectra library search. Food Chem 2015; 192:188-96. [PMID: 26304337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Broad screening and identification of β-agonists in feed, serum, urine, muscle and liver samples was achieved in a quick and highly sensitive manner using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) combined with a spectra library search. Solid-phase extraction technology was employed for sample purification and enrichment. After extraction and purification, the samples were analyzed using a Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer under full-scan and data-dependent MS/MS mode. The acquired mass spectra were compared with an in-house library (compound library and MS/MS mass spectral library) built with TraceFinder Software which contained the M/Z of the precursor ion, chemical formula, retention time, character fragment ions and the entire MS/MS spectra of 32 β-agonist standards. Screening was achieved by comparing 5 key mass spectral results and positive matches were marked. Using the developed method, the identification results from 10 spiked samples and 238 actual samples indicated that only 2% of acquired mass spectra produced false identities. The method validation results showed that the limit of detection ranged from 0.021-3.854 μg kg(-1)and 0.015-1.198 ng mL(-1) for solid and liquid samples, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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32
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Li M, Yang H, Li S, Zhao K, Li J, Jiang D, Sun L, Deng A. Ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of a new β-agonist phenylethanolamine A by a novel immunochromatographic assay based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10896-902. [PMID: 25343225 DOI: 10.1021/jf503599x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenylethanolamine A (PA) is a new kind of β-agonist, which was illegally used as a feed additive for growth promotion in China. In this study, a novel immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of phenylethanolamine A is presented. The principle of this new ICA is similar to that based on colloidal gold particles, but using Au(MBA)@Ag-Ab [e.g., polyclonal antibody of PA labeled Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) sandwiched with a Raman reporter (4-mercaptobenzoic acid, MBA)] as a probe. After ICA procedures, the specific Raman scattering intensity of MBA on the test line was measured for quantitative detection of PA. This assay was completed within 15 min. The IC50 and limit of detection (LOD) values of the ICA for PA detection were 0.06 ng mL(-1) and 0.32 pg mL(-1), respectively, which were 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by other immunoassays, indicating the ultrasensitivity of this ICA. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the assay with another three β-agonists (ractopamine, clenbuterol, and salbutamol), suggesting high specificity of the SERS-based ICA. A spiking experiment revealed that the recoveries of PA from pig urine samples were in range of 99.9- 101.2% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.6-5.8%. The results demonstrated that this SERS-based ICA was able to quantitatively detect PA in urine samples with high sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy and might be a powerful method for the analysis of other target analytes in the food area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and ‡College of Pharmacy Sciences, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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33
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Deng SL, Shan S, Xu CL, Liu DF, Xiong YH, Wei H, Lai WH. Sample preincubation strategy for sensitive and quantitative detection of clenbuterol in swine urine using a fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic assay. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1998-2003. [PMID: 25364937 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe an ultrasensitive and quantitative immunochromatographic assay to determine the amount of clenbuterol (CLB) in swine urine. In this study, fluorescein isothiocyanate polystyrene fluorescent microspheres were used as probes. A sample preincubation strategy was introduced to this immunochromatographic assay. Results showed that the strategy evidently improved the sensitivity and accuracy of lateral flow assay. The method was completed in 20 min, and a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.13 μg liter(-1) was obtained. The limit of detection of the proposed method to determine CLB in swine urine was 0.01 μg liter(-1), which was lower than the limit of detection of immunochromatographic assays without preincubation. Intra- and interday recoveries of spiked swine urine ranged from 85.0 to 107.5%. The relative standard deviation values of the preincubated test strip ranged from 2.7 to 12.5%. Analysis of the CLB in swine urine samples showed that the result obtained from the lateral flow assay is consistent with that obtained from a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Our results suggest that the developed fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic assay may be useful as a rapid screening method to detect CLB quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng L Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China; Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao L Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong H Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei H Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Valladares-Carranza B, Bañuelos-Valenzuela R, Peña-Betancourt SD, Velázquez-Ordoñez V, Velázquez-Armenta Y, Nava-Ocampo A. Illegal Use of Clenbuterol in Cattle Production in México. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.68087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Mei L, Cao B, Yang H, Xie Y, Xu S, Deng A. Development of an immunoaffinity chromatography column for selective extraction of a new agonist phenylethylamine A from feed, meat and liver samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 945-946:178-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Application of high-performance liquid chromatography–UV detection to quantification of clenbuterol in bovine liver samples. J Food Drug Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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37
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Huang X, Chen L, Yuan D. Preparation of stir cake sorptive extraction based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) monolith and its application in sensitive determination of β-agonists in milk and swine urine samples. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 262:121-129. [PMID: 24021164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) (VBADB) monolith was prepared. The effect of preparation conditions of monolith on extraction efficiencies was investigated in detail. Several characteristic techniques, such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the monolithic material. The combination of SCSE-VBADB with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) detection was developed for sensitive determination of ultra-trace β-agonists in milk and swine urine samples. In order to obtain the optimal extraction conditions of SCSE-VBADB for β-agonists, several extractive parameters, including pH values and ionic strength in sample matrix, extraction and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for the target analytes were 0.007-0.030 μg/L in milk and 0.002-0.011 μg/L in swine urine, respectively. Excellent method reproducibility was achieved in terms of intraday and interday precisions, indicated by the RSDs of both <10.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect β-agonists in different milk and swine urines samples. Acceptable recoveries ranged from 50.3% to 113% and 50.1% to 92.2% for milk and swine urine samples, respectively; and the RSDs for reproducibility were less than 8.0% for target analytes in all real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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38
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Jacobson GA, Yee KC, Premilovac D, Rattigan S. Enantioselective disposition of (R/S)-albuterol in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:563-7. [PMID: 24574331 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant enhancement of skeletal muscle function has been observed with racemic albuterol (salbutamol). There is now general acceptance that the R-albuterol enantiomer elicits the pharmacological response, both in the lungs and extrapulmonary, while S-albuterol is pharmacologically inert. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of (R/S)-albuterol enantiomers into skeletal and cardiac muscle. Initially oral dosing was undertaken in neonatal mice administered a maximum tolerable dose of racemic albuterol. An in vivo infusion rat model was employed for the investigation of albuterol uptake into skeletal and cardiac muscle over 4 h. Tissue concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). From the oral dosing model, mean (±SD) levels of racemic albuterol after 5 days were 915 (±293) ng/mL in plasma, 2574 (±196) ng/g in muscle, and 53 (±6.6) ng/g in brain with enantioselective partitioning (muscle:plasma ratio of 5.7 and 1.7 for R- and S-albuterol, respectively). In the infusion model, enantioselective disposition was observed in skeletal muscle (muscle:plasma ratio of 1.2-1.7 and 0.6-0.7 for R- and S-albuterol, respectively) and in cardiac muscle (4.1 and 0.5, respectively). In conclusion, there is greater partitioning of active (R)-albuterol than inactive (S)-albuterol into both skeletal and cardiac muscle compared to plasma. These findings have relevance for albuterol sports doping, cardiac effects, and therapeutic use in muscle wasting diseases. Furthermore, the greater muscle partitioning of the active R-albuterol, and the availability of pure R-albuterol formulations highlight shortcomings in doping control measures using non-enantioselective assays.
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39
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Yao X, Yan P, Tang Q, Deng A, Li J. Quantum dots based electrochemiluminescent immunosensor by coupling enzymatic amplification for ultrasensitive detection of clenbuterol. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 798:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Development of a highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of phenylethanolamine A in tissue and feed samples and confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Talanta 2013; 115:624-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wu ML, Deng JF, Chen Y, Chu WL, Hung DZ, Yang CC. Late diagnosis of an outbreak of leanness-enhancing agent-related food poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31:1501-3. [PMID: 23928328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ractopamine is a leanness-enhancing agent approved in the United States and 26 other countries to reduce body fat content, increase muscle mass, and improve growth rate of certain food-producing animals. Other β-agonists with stronger pharmacologic effects, especially clenbuterol, had been illegally used as leanness-enhancing agents in the United States, China, and the European Union, and foodborne poisonings related to clenbuterol residue in meat or liver were rarely reported in the European Union and China. We describe an unusual outbreak of leanness-enhancing agent-related food poisoning in Taiwan and its associated diagnostic challenge. REPORT OF THE OUTBREAK Twelve patients presented to the emergency department of a regional hospital after having dinner together. Their clinical manifestations included nausea, vomiting, palpitation, facial flush, trunk or limb numbness, tremor, headache, weakness, chill, and dyspnea. Laboratory workup revealed the presence of hypokalemia, leukocytosis, and hyperglycemia. Poisoning attributable to β-agonists was suspected; however, the diagnosis of leanness-enhancing agent poisoning was delayed because there was no leftover meat for analysis and because the veterinary medicine was illegal in Taiwan. Clenbuterol and salbutamol were eventually detected in 10 patients' urine sample by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the concentrations ranged from 54 to 806 μg/L and from 0 to 4052 μg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION β-Agonist leanness-enhancing agent-related food poisonings are rarely encountered, especially in those countries where relevant veterinary medicines are banned, and may thus pose diagnostic challenge to both emergency physicians and clinical toxicologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Wu
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jia JY, Zhang LN, Lu YL, Zhang MQ, Liu GY, Liu YM, Lu C, Li SJ, Lu Y, Zhang RW, Yu C. Hair analysis, a reliable and non-invasive method to evaluate the contamination by clenbuterol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 93:186-190. [PMID: 23607973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of clenbuterol has been an increasingly serious issue in today's livestock products industry. It becomes an important project to develop a reliable approach to detect its content in food animals. A simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed to detect clenbuterol residue in hair, with the low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) about 0.5ng/g. Hogs fed with 340µg/day of clenbuterol for 2 weeks were found a high clenbuterol residue in their hair approximately at 1-2 months after withdrawal. There remained 3.31ng/g clenbuterol in hog hair approximately 5 months after the last administration, focused on the tip of the hair (mainly in hogs with dark hair). An extensive contamination was observed in twenty investigated market hogs whose dark hair obviously had a higher clenbuterol residue than the light ones (p=0.017, t test). Volunteers (60.3 percent) from Xuhui district (Shanghai) were found to have a detectable amount of clenbuterol in their hair (>0.5ng/g). In conclusion, hair residue detection is a reliable method to evaluate the clenbuterol contamination in animals and humans. Meat supply in the Xuhui district might have serious potential safety risks which should be further investigated and discussed to determine the safety range of clenbuterol residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ying Jia
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
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Qiao F, Du J. Rapid screening of clenbuterol hydrochloride in chicken samples by molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pleadin J, Vulic A, Persi N, Terzic S, Andrisic M, Zarkovic I. Rapid Immunoassay Method for the Determination of Clenbuterol and Salbutamol in Blood. J Anal Toxicol 2013; 37:241-5. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meza-Márquez OG, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Osorio-Revilla G, Dorantes-Álvarez L. Detection of clenbuterol in beef meat, liver and kidney by mid-infrared spectroscopy (FT-Mid IR) and multivariate analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia G. Meza-Márquez
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Tzayhrí Gallardo-Velázquez
- Departamento de Biofísica; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Guillermo Osorio-Revilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
| | - Lidia Dorantes-Álvarez
- Departamento de Graduados e Investigación en Alimentos; Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN; Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col; Santo Tomás; CP; 11340; México, DF
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González-Antuña A, Lavandera I, Rodríguez-González P, Rodríguez J, García Alonso JI, Gotor V. A straightforward route to obtain 13C1-labeled clenbuterol. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Geng Y, Zhang M, Yuan W, Xiang B. Modified dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of clenbuterol in swine urine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:1006-12. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.576444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paredes AH, Salvetti NR, Diaz AE, Dallard BE, Ortega HH, Lara HE. Sympathetic nerve activity in normal and cystic follicles from isolated bovine ovary: local effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on steroid secretion. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:66. [PMID: 21575217 PMCID: PMC3117772 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of abnormal estrous behavior and infertility in dairy cows. COD is mainly observed in high-yielding dairy cows during the first months post-partum, a period of high stress. We have previously reported that, in lower mammals, stress induces a cystic condition similar to the polycystic ovary syndrome in humans and that stress is a definitive component in the human pathology. To know if COD in cows is also associated with high sympathetic activity, we studied isolated small antral (5 mm), preovulatory (10 mm) and cystic follicles (25 mm). Cystic follicles which present an area 600 fold greater compared with preovulatory follicles has only 10 times less concentration of NE as compared with small antral and preovulatory follicles but they had 10 times more NE in follicular fluid, suggesting a high efflux of neurotransmitter from the cyst wall. This suggestion was reinforced by the high basal release of recently taken-up 3H-NE found in cystic follicles. While lower levels of beta-adrenergic receptor were found in cystic follicles, there was a heightened response to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and to hCG, as measured by testosterone secretion. There was however an unexpected capacity of the ovary in vitro to produce cortisol and to secrete it in response to hCG but not to isoproterenol. These data suggest that, during COD, the bovine ovary is under high sympathetic nerve activity that in addition to an increased response to hCG in cortisol secretion could participate in COD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso H Paredes
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia R Salvetti
- Morphological Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina & National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ariel E Diaz
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bibiana E Dallard
- Morphological Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina & National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Morphological Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina & National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Hernan E Lara
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Simultaneous Determination of Cimaterol, Salbutamol, Terbutaline and Ractopamine in Feed by SPE Coupled to UPLC. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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