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Liu N, Mei L, Fan X, Tang C, Ji X, Hu X, Shi W, Qian Y, Hussain M, Wu J, Wang C, Lin S, Wu X. Phosphodiesterase 5/protein kinase G signal governs stemness of prostate cancer stem cells through Hippo pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 378:38-50. [PMID: 27179930 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are critical for initiation, metastasis, and relapse of cancers, however, the underlying mechanism governing stemness of CSC remains unknown. Herein, we have investigated the roles of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in stemness of prostate cancer cells. Both PDE5 and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein-1 (TAZ), a core effector of Hippo pathway, are highly expressed in the PC3-derived cancer stem cells (PCSC). Either TAZ knockdown or inhibition of PDE5 activity attenuated colony formation, altered expression patterns of stem cell markers, and enhanced cisplatin cytotoxicity, resulting in attenuation of stemness in PCSC. In addition, inhibition of PDE5 activity by its specific inhibitors activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), which in turn induces MST/LATS kinases, resulting in cytosolic degradation of TAZ and activation of Hippo pathway. Accordingly, knockdown of TAZ almost completely abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness in cultured PCSC, whereas knockdown of TAZ not only abolished PDE5 inhibitor-induced attenuation in stemness but also facilitated PDE5 inhibitor-induced trans-differentiation in PCSC xenografts. Together, the present study has uncovered that PDE/cGMP/PKG signal targets to Hippo/TAZ pathway in maintaining stemness of PCSC, and suggested that PDE5 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents could effectively prevent initiation, metastasis, and relapse of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Shaoxing People's Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Program of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Yan Q, Major TC, Bartlett RH, Meyerhoff ME. Intravascular glucose/lactate sensors prepared with nitric oxide releasing poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-based coatings for enhanced biocompatibility. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4276-82. [PMID: 21592764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous amperometric needle-type enzymatic glucose/lactate sensors intended for continuous monitoring are prepared with a novel nitric oxide (NO) releasing layer to improve device hemocompatibility. To create an underlying NO release coating, the sensors with immobilized enzymes (either glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase) are prepared with a thin layer of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) loaded with lipophilic diazeniumdiolate species that slowly release NO via a proton driven reaction. An outer thin layer (ca. 30 μm) of PurSil (polyurethane/dimethylsiloxane copolymer) limits the flux of glucose and lactate to the inner layer of enzyme, to provide the desired linear amperometric response. A 30 μm coating of PLGA containing 33 wt% of the appropriate NO donor (N-diazeniumdiolated dibutylhexanediamine, DBHD/N₂O₂) can release NO at a physiologically relevant rate > 1 × 10⁻¹⁰mol min⁻¹ cm⁻² for at least 7 days without influencing the analytical performance of the glucose/lactate sensors. In vitro, the sensors exhibit relatively stable amperometric response over a one-week period with high selectivity over interferences (e.g., ascorbic acid) required for blood monitoring applications. Glucose sensors implanted in the veins of rabbits for 8h exhibit significantly enhanced hemocompatibility for the NO release sensors vs. corresponding controls (without NO release in same animals), with greatly reduced thrombus formation on their surfaces. Further, the analytical performance of the NO release glucose sensors are superior to controls placed in the veins of the same animals, with a greater accuracy in measuring blood glucose levels as evaluated using a Clarke error grid type analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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Role of nitric oxide in the rat hippocampal CA1 in morphine antinociception. Brain Res 2009; 1313:79-88. [PMID: 19931515 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal CA1 injections of l-arginine, a nitric oxide (NO) precursor and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on morphine-induced antinociception in rat formalin test were investigated. To induce inflammation pain, formalin (50 microl at 2.5%) was injected into the right hind-paw of male Wistar rats prior to testing. Morphine (3-9 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) 10 min before injection of formalin. The present study shows that administration of L-arginine (0.08, 0.15, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 microg/rat), but not L-NAME (0.15, 0.3 and 1.0 microg/rat), 5 min before formalin injection reversed morphine-induced antinociception at the early phase of formalin test. However, both drugs blocked morphine antinociception at the late phase of the test, but none of these drugs elicited any response by themselves at the tonic phase when injected alone. Moreover, the response to l-arginine was potentiated by L-NAME pre-treatment. It should be noted that a single injection of both L-arginine and L-NAME showed nociceptive effect at the early phase of the test. The present study reveals an expression of NADPH-diaphorase in the rat brain samples administered by L-arginine. Expression of NADPH-d is decreased in the samples which were pre-injected with L-NAME. This study suggests NO participation in the rat hippocampal CA1 area in morphine-induced antinociception.
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