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Patel S, Vyas VK, Sharma M, Ghate M. Structure-guided discovery of adenosine triphosphate-competitive casein kinase 2 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:987-1014. [PMID: 37307219 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous, highly pleiotropic serine-threonine kinase. CK2 has been identified as a potential drug target for the treatment of cancer and related disorders. Several adenosine triphosphate-competitive CK2 inhibitors have been identified and have progressed at different levels of clinical trials. This review presents details of CK2 protein, structural insights into adenosine triphosphate binding pocket, current clinical trial candidates and their analogues. Further, it includes the emerging structure-based drug design approaches, chemistry, structure-activity relationship and biological screening of potent and selective CK2 inhibitors. The authors tabulated the details of CK2 co-crystal structures because these co-crystal structures facilitated the structure-guided discovery of CK2 inhibitors. The narrow hinge pocket compared with related kinases provides useful insights into the discovery of CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Manmohan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Manjunath Ghate
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Science University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
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2
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Firnau MB, Brieger A. CK2 and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081987. [PMID: 36009534 PMCID: PMC9405757 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is commonly dysregulated in cancer, impacting diverse molecular pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, constitutively active and ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. With over 500 known substrates and being estimated to be responsible for up to 10% of the human phosphoproteome, it is of significant importance. A broad spectrum of diverse types of cancer cells has been already shown to rely on disturbed CK2 levels for their survival. The hallmarks of cancer provide a rationale for understanding cancer’s common traits. They constitute the maintenance of proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, the activation of invasion and metastasis, as well as avoidance of immune destruction and dysregulation of cellular energetics. In this work, we have compiled evidence from the literature suggesting that CK2 modulates all hallmarks of cancer, thereby promoting oncogenesis and operating as a cancer driver by creating a cellular environment favorable to neoplasia.
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3
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SGC-CK2-1 Is an Efficient Inducer of Insulin Production and Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010019. [PMID: 35056914 PMCID: PMC8778508 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazolopyrimidine based compound SGC-CK2-1 is a potent and highly specific CK2 inhibitor and a new tool to study the biological functions of protein kinase CK2 irrespective from off-target effects. We used this compound in comparison with the well-established CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 to analyze the importance of CK2 for insulin production and secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Both inhibitors affected the proliferation and viability of MIN6 cells only marginally and downregulated the endogenous CK2 activity to a similar level. Furthermore, both inhibitors increased the message for insulin and boosted the secretion of insulin from storage vesicles. Thus, regarding the high specificity of SGC-CK2-1, we can clearly attribute the observed effects to biological functions of protein kinase CK2.
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4
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Machine Learning Models for the Classification of CK2 Natural Products Inhibitors with Molecular Fingerprint Descriptors. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is considered an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Given the structural diversity and broad spectrum of pharmaceutical activities of natural products, numerous studies have been performed to prove them as valuable sources of drugs. However, there has been little study relevant to identifying structural factors responsible for their inhibitory activity against CK2 with machine learning methods. In this study, classification studies were conducted on 115 natural products as CK2 inhibitors. Seven machine learning methods along with six molecular fingerprints were employed to develop qualitative classification models. The performances of all models were evaluated by cross-validation and test set. By taking predictive accuracy(CA), the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and (MCC)as three performance indicators, the optimal models with high reliability and predictive ability were obtained, including the Extended Fingerprint-Logistic Regression model (CA = 0.859, AUC = 0.826, MCC = 0.520) for training test andPubChem fingerprint along with the artificial neural model (CA = 0.826, AUC = 0.933, MCC = 0.628) for test set. Meanwhile, the privileged substructures responsible for their inhibitory activity against CK2 were also identified through a combination of frequency analysis and information gain. The results are expected to provide useful information for the further utilization of natural products and the discovery of novel CK2 inhibitors.
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5
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Bass AKA, El-Zoghbi MS, Nageeb ESM, Mohamed MFA, Badr M, Abuo-Rahma GEDA. Comprehensive review for anticancer hybridized multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112904. [PMID: 33077264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the encouraging clinical progress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment, innovation and development of new effective anticancer candidates still represents a challenging endeavor. With 15 million death every year in 2030 according to the estimates, cancer has increased rising of an alarm as a real crisis for public health and health systems worldwide. Therefore, scientist began to introduce innovative solutions to control the cancer global health problem. One of the promising strategies in this issue is the multitarget or smart hybrids having two or more pharmacophores targeting cancer. These rationalized hybrid molecules have gained great interests in cancer treatment as they are capable to simultaneously inhibit more than cancer pathway or target without drug-drug interactions and with less side effects. A prime important example of these hybrids, the HDAC hybrid inhibitors or referred as multitargeting HDAC inhibitors. The ability of HDAC inhibitors to synergistically improve the efficacy of other anti-cancer drugs and moreover, the ease of HDAC inhibitors cap group modification prompt many medicinal chemists to innovate and develop new generation of HDAC hybrid inhibitors. Notably, and during this short period, there are four HDAC inhibitor hybrids have entered different phases of clinical trials for treatment of different types of blood and solid tumors, namely; CUDC-101, CUDC-907, Tinostamustine, and Domatinostat. This review shed light on the most recent hybrids of HDACIs with one or more other cancer target pharmacophore. The designed multitarget hybrids include topoisomerase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide releasers, antiandrogens, FLT3 and JAC-2 inhibitors, PDE5-inhibitors, NAMPT-inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, BRD4-inhibitors and other targets. This review may help researchers in development and discovery of new horizons in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr K A Bass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mona S El-Zoghbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - El-Shimaa M Nageeb
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh F A Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Badr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia, Minia, Egypt.
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6
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Krämer A, Kurz CG, Berger BT, Celik IE, Tjaden A, Greco FA, Knapp S, Hanke T. Optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines lead to the identification of a highly selective casein kinase 2 inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112770. [PMID: 32883634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a constitutively expressed serine/threonine kinase that has a large diversity of cellular substrates. Thus, CK2 has been associated with a plethora of regulatory functions and dysregulation of CK2 has been linked to disease development in particular to cancer. The broad implications in disease pathology makes CK2 an attractive target. To date, the most advanced CK2 inhibitor is silmitasertib, which has been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of various cancers, albeit several off-targets for silmitasertib have been described. To ascertain the role of CK2 inhibition in cancer, other disease and normal physiology the development of a selective CK2 inhibitor would be highly desirable. In this study we explored the pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine hinge-binding moiety for the development of selective CK2 inhibitors. Optimization of this scaffold, which included macrocyclization, led to IC20 (31) a compound that displayed high in vitro potency for CK2 (KD = 12 nM) and exclusive selectivity for CK2. X-ray analysis revealed a canonical type-I binding mode for IC20 (31). However, the polar carboxylic acid moiety that is shared by many CK2 inhibitors including silmitasertib was required for potency but limits the cellular activity of IC20 (31) and the cellular IC50 dropped to the low micromolar range. In summary, IC20 (31) represents a highly selective and potent inhibitor of CK2, which can be used as a tool compound to study CK2 biology and potential new applications for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Georg Kurz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Ethem Celik
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amelie Tjaden
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Francesco Aleksy Greco
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany; Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.
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7
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Multitarget Anticancer Agents Based on Histone Deacetylase and Protein Kinase CK2 inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071497. [PMID: 32218358 PMCID: PMC7180456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of multitarget drugs (MTDs) has become an innovative approach for the search of effective treatments in complex diseases such as cancer. In this work, we communicate our efforts in the design of multi-targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) and protein kinase CK2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer. Using tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) and 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole (DMAT) as scaffolds for CK2 inhibition, and a hydroxamate to coordinate the zinc atom present in the active site of HDAC (zinc binding group, ZBG), new multitarget inhibitors have been designed and synthesized. According to the in vitro assays, N-Hydroxy-6-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexanamide (11b) is the most interesting compound, with IC50 values of 0.66; 1.46 and 3.67 µM. for HDAC6; HDAC1 and CK2; respectively. Cellular assays on different cancer cell lines rendered promising results for N-Hydroxy-8-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)octanamide (11d). This inhibitor presented the highest cytotoxic activity, proapoptotic capability, and the best mitochondria-targeting and multidrug-circumventing properties, thus being the most promising drug candidate for further in vivo studies.
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Chen X, Li C, Wang D, Chen Y, Zhang N. Recent Advances in the Discovery of CK2 Allosteric Inhibitors: From Traditional Screening to Structure-Based Design. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040870. [PMID: 32079098 PMCID: PMC7070378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase (CK2) has emerged as an attractive cancer therapeutic target and recent efforts have been made to develop its inhibitors. However, the development of selective inhibitors remains challenging because of the highly conserved ATP-binding pocket (orthosteric site) of kinase family. As an alternative strategy, allosteric inhibitors, by targeting the much more diversified allosteric site relative to the conserved ATP-binding site, achieve better pharmacological advantages than orthosteric inhibitors. Traditional serendipitous screening and structure-based design are robust tools for the discovery of CK2 allosteric inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the identification of CK2 allosteric inhibitors. Firstly, we briefly present the CK2 allosteric sites. Then, the allosteric inhibitors targeting the well-elucidated allosteric sites (α/β interface, αD pocket and interface between the Glycine-rich loop and αC-helix) are highlighted in the discovery process and possible binding modes with the allosteric sites are described. This study is expected to provide valuable clues for the design of CK2 allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (D.W.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (N.Z.); Tel.: +86-0523-86158081 (X.C.)
| | - Chunqiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Dada Wang
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (D.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China; (D.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (N.Z.); Tel.: +86-0523-86158081 (X.C.)
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9
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Small molecule modulators targeting protein kinase CK1 and CK2. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Qi X, Zhang N, Zhao L, Hu L, Cortopassi WA, Jacobson MP, Li X, Zhong R. Structure-based identification of novel CK2 inhibitors with a linear 2-propenone scaffold as anti-cancer agents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:208-212. [PMID: 30878184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 has emerged as an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Previous studies have highlighted the challenge of optimizing CK2 ATP-competitive inhibitors that have low druggability due to their polycyclic ring scaffolds. Therefore the development of novel inhibitors with non-polycyclic scaffolds emerges as a promising strategy for drug discovery targeting CK2. In this current study, based on the similar predicted binding poses of the linear 2-propenone scaffold of isoliquiritigenin with that of the polycyclic inhibitor CX-4945, a series of 2-propenone derivatives containing an amine-substituted five-membered heterocycle and a benzoic acid were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro CK2 inhibition and anti-cancer activity. Compound 8b was found to be the most potent CK2 inhibitor (IC50 = 0.6 μM) with the anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cancer cells (IC50 = 14 μM), compared to the activity of isoliquiritigenin (IC50 = 17 μM and 51 μM, respectively). Molecular docking was performed to understand the binding modes of the newly designed 2-propenone derivatives with CK2. Compound 8b formed the most favorable network of hydrogen bonds with both the hinge region and positive area. Our results indicate that CK2 derivatives with a linear 2-propenone scaffold are promising candidates for anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Lijiao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liming Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Wilian A Cortopassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Xitao Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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11
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Pastor M, Zapico JM, Coderch C, Maslyk M, Panchuk R, de Pascual-Teresa B, Ramos A. From a MMP2/CK2 multitarget approach to the identification of potent and selective MMP13 inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:916-929. [PMID: 30629065 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe our efforts in the search of MMP2/CK2 dual targeting inhibitors. We have followed a rational drug design approach based on our experience in the selective inhibition of these two enzymes. We have successfully obtained highly active MMP2 (10, IC50 = 70 nM; 11, IC50 = 100 nM) and CK2 (16a, IC50 = 500 nM) inhibitors. However, structural fine tuning of these small molecules to simultaneously target both enzymes turned out to be an unattainable goal. Unexpectedly, we were lucky to identify new and selective MMP13 inhibitors (10, IC50 = 3.7 nM and 11, IC50 = 5.6 nM) with a novel TBB-derived scaffold. These compounds constitute an interesting starting point for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pastor
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28925, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Bestgen B, Kufareva I, Seetoh W, Abell C, Hartmann RW, Abagyan R, Le Borgne M, Filhol O, Cochet C, Lomberget T, Engel M. 2-Aminothiazole Derivatives as Selective Allosteric Modulators of the Protein Kinase CK2. 2. Structure-Based Optimization and Investigation of Effects Specific to the Allosteric Mode of Action. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1817-1836. [PMID: 30689946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein CK2 has gained much interest as an anticancer drug target in the past decade. We had previously described the identification of a new allosteric site on the catalytic α-subunit, along with first small molecule ligands based on the 4-(4-phenylthiazol-2-ylamino)benzoic acid scaffold. In the present work, structure optimizations guided by a binding model led to the identification of the lead compound 2-hydroxy-4-((4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-yl)amino)benzoic acid (27), showing a submicromolar potency against purified CK2α (IC50 = 0.6 μM). Furthermore, 27 induced apoptosis and cell death in 786-O renal cell carcinoma cells (EC50 = 5 μM) and inhibited STAT3 activation even more potently than the ATP-competitive drug candidate CX-4945 (EC50 of 1.6 μM vs 5.3 μM). Notably, the potencies of our allosteric ligands to inhibit CK2 varied depending on the individual substrate. Altogether, the novel allosteric pocket was proved a druggable site, offering an excellent perspective to develop efficient and selective allosteric CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bestgen
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453, INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France.,Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , U1036, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036 , University of Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Weiguang Seetoh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , U.K
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization , Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) , Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093 , United States
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453, INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , U1036, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036 , University of Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Claude Cochet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , U1036, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Life Sciences Research and Technologies, Biology of Cancer and Infection, 38000 Grenoble , France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1036 , University of Grenoble Alpes , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Thierry Lomberget
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453, INSERM US7, 69373 Lyon Cedex 8, France
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Saarland University , Campus C2.3, 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
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13
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Deepa P, Thirumeignanam D, Kolandaivel P. An overview about the impact of hinge region towards the anticancer binding affinity of the Ck2 ligands: a quantum chemical analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3859-3876. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1533498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Deepa
- Department of Physics, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Thirumeignanam
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Hesham HM, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KA. Chimeric HDAC inhibitors: Comprehensive review on the HDAC-based strategies developed to combat cancer. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:2058-2109. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M. Hesham
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Deena S. Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
| | - Khaled A.M. Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; Ain Shams University; Abbassia Cairo Egypt
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From Flies to Mice: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical PRC1 Members in Mammalian Development. EPIGENOMES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes2010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Götz C, Montenarh M. Protein kinase CK2 in development and differentiation. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:127-133. [PMID: 28357063 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the human kinomes, protein kinase CK2 (formerly termed casein kinase II) is considered to be essential, as it is implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes. Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors of the kinase activity of CK2 provide evidence that CK2 is essential for development and differentiation. Therefore, the present review addresses the role of CK2 during embryogenesis, neuronal, adipogenic, osteogenic and myogenic differentiation in established model cell lines, and in embryonic, neural and mesenchymal stem cells. CK2 kinase activity appears to be essential in the early stages of differentiation, as CK2 inhibition at early time points generally prevents differentiation. In addition, the present review reports on target proteins of CK2 in embryogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Götz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Montenarh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg, Germany
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Protein kinase CK2 is necessary for the adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2207-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kim S, Jin B, Choi SH, Han KH, Ahn SH. Casein kinase II inhibitor enhances production of infectious genotype 1a hepatitis C virus (H77S). PLoS One 2014; 9:e113938. [PMID: 25464014 PMCID: PMC4252060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotype 2a JFH1 virus has substantially contributed to the progress of HCV biology by allowing entire viral life cycle of HCV in cell culture. Using this genotype 2a virus, casein kinase II (CKII) was previously identified as a crucial host factor in virus assembly by phosphorylating NS5A. Since most of the prior studies employed genotype 2a JFH1 or JFH1-based intragenotypic chimera, we used genotype 1a H77S to study virus assembly. CKII inhibition by chemical inhibitors enhanced H77S virus production in contrast to that of JFH1 virus, but genetic inhibition of CKII by siRNA did not change H77S virus titer significantly. The different outcomes from these two approaches of CKII inhibition suggested that nonspecific target kinase of CKII inhibitors plays a role in increasing H77S virus production and both viral and host factors were investigated in this study. Our results emphasize substantial differences among the HCV genotypes that should be considered in both basic research and clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungtaek Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Bora Jin
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang S, Yang YL, Wang Y, You B, Dai Y, Chan G, Hsieh D, Kim IJ, Fang LT, Au A, Stoppler HJ, Xu Z, Jablons DM, You L. CK2α, over-expressed in human malignant pleural mesothelioma, regulates the Hedgehog signaling pathway in mesothelioma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:93. [PMID: 25422081 PMCID: PMC4254219 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in stem cell maintenance and its activation is aberrant in several types of cancer including mesothelioma. Protein kinase CK2 affects several cell signaling pathways through the mechanism of phosphorylation. Methods Protein and mRNA levels of CK2α and Gli1 were tested by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining in mesothelioma samples and cell lines. Down-regulated Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity were demonstrated by RT-PCR, Western blot and luciferase reporter assay. Results In this study, we show that CK2α is over-expressed and a positive regulator of Hegdehog/Gli1 signaling in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. First of all, we found that the mRNA levels of CK2α and Gli1 were broadly elevated and correlated (n = 52, r = 0.401, P < 0.05), compared with LP9 (a normal mesothelial cell line). We then investigated their expression at the protein level, and found that all the 7 mesothelioma cell lines tested showed positive staining in CK2α and Gli1 immunohistochemistry. Correlation analysis by Pearson test for CK2α and Gli1 expression in the 75 mesothelioma tumors and the 7 mesothelioma cell lines showed that the two protein expression was significantly correlated (n = 82, r = 0.554, P < 0.01). Furthermore, we demonstrated that Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity were down-regulated after CK2α was silenced in two mesothelioma cell lines (H28 and H2052). CK2α siRNA also down-regulated the expression of Hh target genes in these cell lines. Moreover, treatment with a small-molecule CK2α inhibitor CX-4945 led to dose-dependent inhibition of Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity. Conversely, forced over-expression of CK2α resulted in an increase in Gli1 transcriptional activity in H28 cells. Conclusions Thus, we report for the first time that over-expressed CK2α positively regulate Hh/Gli1 signaling in human mesothelioma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-014-0093-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, 116021, P.R. China. .,Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Bin You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Affiliated with Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yuyuan Dai
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Geraldine Chan
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - David Hsieh
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Il-Jin Kim
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Li Tai Fang
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Alfred Au
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Hubert J Stoppler
- Tissue Core, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - David M Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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TANG AIQIONG, CAO XIAOCHENG, TIAN LI, HE LIHUA, LIU FEI. Apigenin inhibits the self-renewal capacity of human ovarian cancer SKOV3-derived sphere-forming cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2221-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Zhou Y, Li X, Zhang N, Zhong R. Structural Basis for Low-Affinity Binding of Non-R2 Carboxylate-Substituted Tricyclic Quinoline Analogs to CK2α: Comparative Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:189-200. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xitao Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Graduate School; Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
| | - Rugang Zhong
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering; Beijing University of Technology; Beijing 100124 China
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Raaf J, Guerra B, Neundorf I, Bopp B, Issinger OG, Jose J, Pietsch M, Niefind K. First structure of protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunit with an effective CK2β-competitive ligand. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:901-7. [PMID: 23474121 DOI: 10.1021/cb3007133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The constitutively active Ser/Thr kinase CK2 (casein kinase 2) is used by tumor cells to acquire apoptosis resistance. CK2 exists as a heterotetrameric holoenzyme with two catalytic chains (CK2α) attached to a dimer of noncatalytic subunits (CK2β). A druggable cavity at the CK2β interface of CK2α allows the design of small molecules disturbing the CK2α/CK2β interaction and thus affecting activity, stability, and substrate specificity. We describe here the first structure of CK2α with an effective CK2β-competitive compound, namely, a 13-meric cyclic peptide derived from the C-terminal CK2β segment. Some well-ordered water molecules not visible in CK2 holoenzyme structures were detected at the interface. Driven mainly by enthalpy, the peptide binds with submicromolar affinity to CK2α, stimulates its catalytic activity, and reduces effectively the CK2α/CK2β affinity. The results provide a thermodynamic and structural rationalization of the peptide's CK2β-competitive functionality and pave thus the way to a peptidomimetic drug addressing the CK2α/CK2β interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Raaf
- Department für Chemie,
Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 47, D-50674
Köln, Germany
| | - Barbara Guerra
- Institut
for Biokemi og Molekylær
Biologi, Syddansk Universitet, Campusvej
55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department für Chemie,
Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 47, D-50674
Köln, Germany
| | - Bertan Bopp
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstraße 48,
D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olaf-Georg Issinger
- Institut
for Biokemi og Molekylær
Biologi, Syddansk Universitet, Campusvej
55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische
und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstraße 48,
D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Gleueler Straße
24, D-50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department für Chemie,
Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 47, D-50674
Köln, Germany
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Xue H, Zhou S, Lu W, Zhao Z. [The targets research of non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2013; 16:107-13. [PMID: 23425904 PMCID: PMC6000387 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION CK2 is a pleiotropic, ubiquitous and constitutively active protein kinase, localized in both cytosolic and nuclear compartments, where it catalyzes the phosphorylation of hundreds of proteins. CK2 is generally described as a tetramer composed of two catalytic (α and/or α') and two regulatory subunits (β), however, the free α/α' subunits are catalytically active by themselves. CK2 plays a key role in several physiological and pathological processes and has been connected to many neoplastic, inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious disorders. In the last 20 years, several inhibitors of CK2 have been discovered though only one of these, CX-4945, has recently entered into Phase II clinical trials as potential anticancer drug. AREAS COVERED The main objective of the present review is to describe the development of CK2 activity modulators over the years according to the timeline of their patent registration. EXPERT OPINION CK2 was discovered in 1954, but the first patent on CK2 modulators was deposited only 50 years later, in 2004. However, in the last 5 years an increasing number of patents on CK2 inhibitors have been registered, reflecting an increased interest in this kind of drug candidates and their possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padova 35121, Italy
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Zhou Y, Zhang N, Zhong R. Exploring the crucial structural elements required for tricyclic quinoline analogs as protein kinase CK2 inhibitors by a combined computational analysis. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Perret F, Marminon C, Zeinyeh W, Nebois P, Bollacke A, Jose J, Parrot-Lopez H, Le Borgne M. Preparation and characterization of CK2 inhibitor-loaded cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:491-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Safronova OS. Post-translational modifications of proteins in gene regulation under hypoxic conditions. Inflamm Regen 2013. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.33.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Mao JH, Hsieh D, Kim IJ, Hu LM, Xu Z, Long H, Jablons DM, You L. Inhibition of CK2α down-regulates Hedgehog/Gli signaling leading to a reduction of a stem-like side population in human lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38996. [PMID: 22768056 PMCID: PMC3387212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 is frequently elevated in a variety of human cancers. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been implicated in stem cell maintenance, and its aberrant activation has been indicated in several types of cancer, including lung cancer. In this study, we show that CK2 is positively involved in Hh/Gli signaling in lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299. First, we found a correlation between CK2α and Gli1 mRNA levels in 100 primary lung cancer tissues. Down-regulation of Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity were demonstrated after the silencing of CK2α in lung cancer cells. In addition, CK2α siRNA down-regulated the expression of Hh target genes. Furthermore, two small-molecule CK2α inhibitors led to a dose-dependent inhibition of Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity in lung cancer cells. Reversely, forced over-expression of CK2α resulted in an increase both in Gli1 expression and transcriptional activity in A549 cells. Finally, the inhibition of Hh/Gli by CK2α siRNA led to a reduction of a cancer stem cell-like side population that shows higher ABCG2 expression level. Thus, we report that the inhibition of CK2α down-regulates Hh/Gli signaling and subsequently reduces stem-like side population in human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David Hsieh
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Il-Jin Kim
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li-Min Hu
- Department of Obstertrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hao Long
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HL); (LY)
| | - David M. Jablons
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Liang You
- Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HL); (LY)
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Cozza G, Gianoncelli A, Bonvini P, Zorzi E, Pasquale R, Rosolen A, Pinna LA, Meggio F, Zagotto G, Moro S. Urolithin as a converging scaffold linking ellagic acid and coumarin analogues: design of potent protein kinase CK2 inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:2273-86. [PMID: 21972104 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous, essential, and highly pleiotropic protein kinase; its abnormally high constitutive activity is suspected to underlie its pathogenic potential in neoplasia and other relevant diseases. Previously, using different in silico screening approaches, two potent and selective CK2 inhibitors were identified by our group: ellagic acid, a naturally occurring tannic acid derivative (K(i)=20 nM) and 3,8-dibromo-7-hydroxy-4-methylchromen-2-one (DBC, K(i)=60 nM). Comparing the crystallographic binding modes of both ellagic acid and DBC, an X-ray structure-driven merging approach was taken to design novel CK2 inhibitors with improved target affinity. A urolithin moiety is proposed as a possible bridging scaffold between the two known CK2 inhibitors, ellagic acid and DBC. Optimization of urolithin A as the bridging moiety led to the identification of 4-bromo-3,8-dihydroxy-benzo[c]chromen-6-one as a novel, potent and selective CK2 inhibitor, which shows a K(i) value of 7 nM against the protein kinase, representing a significant improvement in affinity for the target compared with the two parent fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, Viale Giuseppe Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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