1
|
Pant S, Nain S. Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrimidine-based CNS Agents. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2023; 20:14-28. [PMID: 36200187 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666221003094402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past few decades, considerable progress has been made in CNS drug discovery, and various new CNS agents have been developed. Pyrimidine is an important scaffold in the area of medicinal chemistry. Recently, pyrimidine-containing compounds have been successfully designed as potent CNS agents. Substantial research has been carried out on pyrimidine-bearing compounds to treat different disorders of CNS in various animal models. METHODS Utilizing various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, the literature review was conducted. The specifics of significant articles were discussed with an emphasis on the potency of pyrimidines derivatives possessing CNS activity. RESULTS Recent papers indicating pyrimidine derivatives with CNS activity were incorporated into the manuscript. (46) to (50) papers included different pyrimidine derivatives as 5-HT agonist/antagonists, (62) to (67) as adenosine agonist/antagonist, (70) to (75) as anticonvulsant agents, (80) to (83) as cannabinoid receptor agonists, (102) to (103) as nicotinic and (110) as muscarinic receptor agonists. The remaining papers (113) to (114) represented pyrimidine-based molecular imaging agents. CONCLUSION Pyrimidine and its derivatives have been studied in detail to evaluate their efficacy in overcoming multiple central nervous system disorders. The article covers the current updates on pyrimidine-based compounds as potent CNS and molecular imaging agents and will definitely provide a better platform for the development of potent pyrimidine-based CNS drugs in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sumitra Nain
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou H, Shan M, Qin LP, Cheng G. Reliable prediction of cannabinoid receptor 2 ligand by machine learning based on combined fingerprints. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106379. [PMID: 36502694 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, as part of the family of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are involved in various physiological functions. Its subtype cannabinoid receptor subtype 2 (CB2), mainly distributed in the periphery, is a crucial therapeutic target for anti-epileptic, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and bone metabolism regulation, and it regulates these physiological functions without psychiatric side effects. Recently machine learning methods for predicting biophysics properties have attracted much attention. Successful application of machine learning usually highly depends on the appropriate representation of the compounds. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the performance of the descriptor-based models (including XGBoost, Random Forest, and KNN) and two graph-based models (D-MPNN, MolMap) for the prediction of the CB2 regulators, and found that XGBoost offers outstanding performance for both regression tasks and classification tasks. 13 different molecular fingerprints and 12 descriptors, as well as their combination were further screened; AvalonFP + AtomPairFP + RDkitFP + MorganFP and AtomPairFP + MorganFP + AvalonFP were the optimum combinations for regression task (R2 increase to 0.667) and classification task (AUC-ROC increase to 0.933), respectively. Specifically, the best XGBoost regression model with optimum features achieves better performance than Mizera's QSAR model on the same dataset developed by Mizera (R2 0.664 versus 0.62). It also achieves optimal performance with an AUC-ROC of 0.917 on the external validation set. By comparison, MolMap and D-MPNN only provide 0.912 and 0.898. The Shapley additive explanation method was used to interpret the models, and features importance were shown for both regression and classification task. The XGBoost model equipped with essential molecular fingerprints combination in this paper may provide valuable clues to designing novel CB2 ligands and developing models for other properties prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abidi AH, Alghamdi SS, Derefinko K. A critical review of cannabis in medicine and dentistry: A look back and the path forward. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:613-631. [PMID: 35362240 PMCID: PMC9209799 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the last two decades, our understanding of the therapeutic utility and medicinal properties of cannabis has greatly changed. This change has been accompanied by widespread cannabis use in various communities and different age groups, especially within the United States. With this increase, we should consider the potential effects of cannabis–hemp on general public health and how they could alter therapeutic outcomes. Material and Methods The present investigation examined cannabis use for recreational and therapeutic use and a review of pertinent indexed literature was performed. The focused question evaluates “how cannabis or hemp products impact health parameters and do they provide potential therapeutic value in dentistry, and how do they interact with conventional medicines (drugs).” Indexed databases (PubMed/Medline, EMBASE) were searched without any time restrictions but language was restricted to English. Results The review highlights dental concerns of cannabis usage, the need to understand the endocannabinoid system (ECS), cannabinoid receptor system, its endogenous ligands, pharmacology, metabolism, current oral health, and medical dilemma to ascertain the detrimental or beneficial effects of using cannabis–hemp products. The pharmacological effects of pure cannabidiol (CBD) have been studied extensively while cannabis extracts can vary significantly and lack empirical studies. Several metabolic pathways are affected by cannabis use and could pose a potential drug interaction. The chronic use of cannabis is associated with health issues, but the therapeutic potential is multifold since there is a regulatory role of ECS in many pathologies. Conclusion Current shortcomings in understanding the benefits of cannabis or hemp products are limited due to pharmacological and clinical effects not being predictable, while marketed products vary greatly in phytocompounds warrant further empirical investigation. Given the healthcare challenges to manage acute and chronic pain, this review highlights both cannabis and CBD‐hemp extracts to help identify the therapeutic application for patient populations suffering from anxiety, inflammation, and dental pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammaar H Abidi
- College of Dentistry, Department of Bioscience Research, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sahar S Alghamdi
- Department of Phamaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Karen Derefinko
- College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nisha, Singh S, Sharma N, Chandra R. The indole nucleus as a selective COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agent (2011–2022). Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory bioactivity of diversely substituted indole derivatives, mainly N-1 and C-3 substituted indoles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Neera Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Dr B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Institute of Nanomedical Science (INMS), University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Helesbeux JJ, Carro L, McCarthy FO, Moreira VM, Giuntini F, O’Boyle N, Matthews SE, Bayraktar G, Bertrand S, Rochais C, Marchand P. 29th Annual GP2A Medicinal Chemistry Conference. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121278. [PMID: 34959677 PMCID: PMC8708472 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 29th Annual GP2A (Group for the Promotion of Pharmaceutical chemistry in Academia) Conference was a virtual event this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic and spanned three days from Wednesday 25 to Friday 27 August 2021. The meeting brought together an international delegation of researchers with interests in medicinal chemistry and interfacing disciplines. Abstracts of keynote lectures given by the 10 invited speakers, along with those of the 8 young researcher talks and the 50 flash presentation posters, are included in this report. Like previous editions, the conference was a real success, with high-level scientific discussions on cutting-edge advances in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Carro
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, UK;
| | - Florence O. McCarthy
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Vânia M. Moreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesca Giuntini
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Niamh O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Susan E. Matthews
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Gülşah Bayraktar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOmer, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Christophe Rochais
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie), Normandie Univ., F-14032 Caen, France;
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et du Cancer, IICiMed, Nantes Université, UR 1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-253-009-155
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Chen J, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Liu Z, Cong Y, Brasier AR, Pinchuk IV, Tian B, Zhou J. Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery Towards Novel Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S38-S62. [PMID: 34791293 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a class of severe and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with recurrent symptoms and significant morbidity. Long-term persistence of chronic inflammation in IBD is a major contributing factor to neoplastic transformation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Conversely, persistence of transmural inflammation in CD is associated with formation of fibrosing strictures, resulting in substantial morbidity. The recent introduction of biological response modifiers as IBD therapies, such as antibodies neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have replaced nonselective anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in disease management. However, a large proportion (~40%) of patients with the treatment of anti-TNF-α antibodies are discontinued or withdrawn from therapy because of (1) primary nonresponse, (2) secondary loss of response, (3) opportunistic infection, or (4) onset of cancer. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutics targeting specific signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD is urgently needed. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances in drug discovery of new small molecules in preclinical or clinical development for treating IBD that target biologically relevant pathways in mucosal inflammation. These include intracellular enzymes (Janus kinases, receptor interacting protein, phosphodiesterase 4, IκB kinase), integrins, G protein-coupled receptors (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) and inflammasome mediators (NLRP3), etc. We will also discuss emerging evidence of a distinct mechanism of action, bromodomain-containing protein 4, an epigenetic regulator of pathways involved in the activation, communication, and trafficking of immune cells. We highlight their chemotypes, mode of actions, structure-activity relationships, characterizations, and their in vitro/in vivo activities and therapeutic potential. The perspectives on the relevant challenges, new opportunities, and future directions in this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Magham SV, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, Shaji N, Mani L, Balasubramanian S. Cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonists and Alzheimer's disease: An insight into the therapeutic potentials. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2888-2905. [PMID: 34486749 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in recent decades, particularly the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, due to their important role in neuroinflammation. Among these, CB2 has gained prominence due to its selective overexpression in glial cells during neuroinflammation. In contrast to CB1 agonists, CB2 agonists have no side effects such as ataxia, hypothermia, euphoria, psychological, or addiction liabilities. CB2 and its selective agonists' above-mentioned unique properties have become a research focus in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The review discusses the neuroprotective role of CB receptors, particularly CB2, in AD, as well as the significance and limitations of this research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Varshini Magham
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | | - Neenu Shaji
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Lalithkumar Mani
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Sadek B, Jha NK, Kaabi JA, Ojha S. A focused review on CB2 receptor-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene, a dietary cannabinoid. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111639. [PMID: 34091179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), a conserved physiological system emerged as a novel pharmacological target for its significant role and potential therapeutic benefits ranging from neurological diseases to cancer. Among both, CB1 and CB2R types, CB2R have received attention for its pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic that can be achieved without causing psychotropic adverse effects through CB1R. The ligands activate CB2R are of endogenous, synthetic and plant origin. In recent years, β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene in cannabis as well as non-cannabis plants, has received attention due to its selective agonist property on CB2R. BCP has been well studied in a variety of pathological conditions mediating CB2R selective agonist property. The focus of the present manuscript is to represent the CB2R selective agonist mediated pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of BCP. The present narrative review summarizes insights into the CB2R-selective pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of BCP such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, gastroprotective, chemopreventive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulator. The available evidences suggest that BCP, can be an important candidate of plant origin endowed with CB2R selective properties that may provide a pharmacological rationale for its pharmacotherapeutic application and pharmaceutical development like a drug. Additionally, given the wide availability in edible plants and dietary use, with safety, and no toxicity, BCP can be promoted as a nutraceutical and functional food for general health and well-being. Further, studies are needed to explore pharmacological and pharmaceutical opportunities for therapeutic and preventive applications of use of BCP in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Juma Al Kaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang H, Xu H. Design and Application of Receptor-Targeted Fluorescent Probes Based on Small Molecular Fluorescent Dyes. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:4-24. [PMID: 33412857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes have been developed and widely used to realize the visualization of certain receptors, which facilitates the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this Review, we focus on the recent achievements in design, chemical structure, imaging characterization, and potential applications of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes from the past 10 years. The development and application of receptor-targeted fluorescent probes will expand our knowledge of the distribution and function of disease-related receptors, shed light on the drug discovery for clinical diseases where receptors are implicated, and feed into the diagnosis and treatment of a plethora of diseases, including tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Discovery of small-molecule candidates against inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Sansook S, Hassell-Hart S, Ocasio C, Spencer J. Ferrocenes in medicinal chemistry; a personal perspective. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Danner E, Hoffmann F, Lee SY, Cordes F, Orban S, Dauber K, Chudziak D, Spohn G, Wiercinska E, Tast B, Karpova D, Bonig H. Modest and nonessential roles of the endocannabinoid system in immature hematopoiesis of mice. Exp Hematol 2019; 78:35-45. [PMID: 31562901 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators that signal via several seven-transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptors. The endocannabinoid receptor CB2 is expressed on blood cells, including stem cells, and mediates the effects of cannabinoids on the immune system. The role of the endocannabinoid system in immature hematopoiesis is largely elusive. Both direct effects of endocannabinoids on stem cells and indirect effects through endocannabinoid-responsive niche cells like macrophages have been reported. Using two different CB2-deficient mouse models, we studied the role of the endocannabinoid system in immature hematopoiesis. Moreover, we utilized both models to assess the specificity of putative CB2 agonists. As heterodimerization of CB2 and CXCR4, which is highly expressed on hematopoietic stem cells, has already been described, we also assessed potential consequences of CB2 loss for CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling. Overall, no differential effects were observed with any of the compounds tested; the compounds barely induced signaling by themselves, whereas they attenuated CXCL12-induced signals in both CB2-competent and CB2-deficient cells. In vivo experiments were therefore by necessity restricted to loss-of-function studies in knockout (CB2-/-) mice: Except for mild lymphocytosis and slightly elevated circulating progenitor cells, homeostatic hematopoiesis in CB2-/- mice appears to be entirely normal. Mobilization in response to pharmacological stimuli, Plerixafor or G-CSF, was equally potent in wild-type and CB2-/- mice. CB2-/- bone marrow cells reconstituted hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipients with engraftment kinetics indistinguishable from those of wild-type grafts. In summary, we found the endocannabinoid system to be largely dispensable for normal murine hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Danner
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frauke Hoffmann
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Seo-Youn Lee
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabian Cordes
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Orban
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katrin Dauber
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Doreen Chudziak
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriele Spohn
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eliza Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Tast
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Darja Karpova
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Wuerttemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany; Goethe University Medical School, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-ones as new potent selective CB 2 agonists with anti-inflammatory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 165:347-362. [PMID: 30583970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The high distribution of CB2 receptors in immune cells suggests their important role in the control of inflammation. Growing evidence offers this receptor as an attractive therapeutic target: selective CB2 agonists are able to modulate inflammation without triggering psychotropic effects. In this work, we report a new series of selective CB2 agonists based on a benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one scaffold. This drug design project led to the discovery of compound 9, as a very potent CB2 agonist (Ki = 13.5 nM) with a good selectivity versus CB1. This compound showed no cytotoxicity, acceptable ADME-Tox parameters and demonstrates the ability to counteract colon inflammatory process in vivo.
Collapse
|
14
|
Qian HY, Wang ZL, Chen LL, Pan YL, Xie XY, Xie X, Chen JZ. Design, Synthesis, and SAR Studies of Heteroarylpyrimidines and Heteroaryltriazines as CB 2 R Ligands. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2455-2463. [PMID: 30246417 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and synthesis of a new series of heteroarylpyrimidine/heteroaryltriazine derivatives on the basis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as CB2 R-selective ligands using a bioisosterism strategy. An acetamide group was explored to displace the enamine linker of the lead compound for the purpose of stereoisomerism elimination and hydrophilicity increase. As a result, some of the synthesized compounds showed high bioactivity and selectivity for CB2 R in calcium mobilization assays, and four displayed CB2 R agonist activity, with EC50 values below 30 nm. The compound exhibiting the highest agonist activity toward CB2 R (EC50 =7.53±3.15 nm) had a selectivity over CB1 R of more than 1328-fold. Moreover, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the substituents on the nucleus play key roles in the functionality of a ligand, with one such example demonstrating CB2 R antagonist activity. Additionally, molecular docking simulations were conducted with the aim of better understanding of these new derivatives in relation to the structural requirements for agonists/antagonists binding to CB2 R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Long Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - You-Lu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tuo W, Bollier M, Leleu-Chavain N, Lemaire L, Barczyk A, Dezitter X, Klupsch F, Szczepanski F, Spencer J, Chavatte P, Millet R. Development of novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as competitive CB2 neutral antagonists based on scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Starowicz K, Finn DP. Cannabinoids and Pain: Sites and Mechanisms of Action. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 80:437-475. [PMID: 28826543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system, consisting of the cannabinoid1 receptor (CB1R) and cannabinoid2 receptor (CB2R), endogenous cannabinoid ligands (endocannabinoids), and metabolizing enzymes, is present throughout the pain pathways. Endocannabinoids, phytocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists have antinociceptive effects in animal models of acute, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. CB1R and CB2R located at peripheral, spinal, or supraspinal sites are important targets mediating these antinociceptive effects. The mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of cannabinoids likely include inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter and neuropeptide release, modulation of postsynaptic neuronal excitability, activation of the descending inhibitory pain pathway, and reductions in neuroinflammatory signaling. Strategies to dissociate the psychoactive effects of cannabinoids from their analgesic effects have focused on peripherally restricted CB1R agonists, CB2R agonists, inhibitors of endocannabinoid catabolism or uptake, and modulation of other non-CB1R/non-CB2R targets of cannabinoids including TRPV1, GPR55, and PPARs. The large body of preclinical evidence in support of cannabinoids as potential analgesic agents is supported by clinical studies demonstrating their efficacy across a variety of pain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Starowicz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Pain Pathophysiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sansook S, Tuo W, Lemaire L, Tourteau A, Barczyk A, Dezitter X, Klupsch F, Leleu-Chavain N, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Millet R, Spencer J. Synthesis of Bioorganometallic Nanomolar-Potent CB2 Agonists Containing a Ferrocene Unit. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supojjanee Sansook
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Wei Tuo
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Lucas Lemaire
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Tourteau
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Barczyk
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Dezitter
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Frédérique Klupsch
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Régis Millet
- ICPAL, Univ. Lille, Inserm, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 3 Rue du Professeur
Laguesse, BP83, F-59006 Lille, France
| | - John Spencer
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barutta F, Bruno G, Grimaldi S, Gruden G. Inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: moving toward clinical biomarkers and targets for treatment. Endocrine 2015; 48:730-42. [PMID: 25273317 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end stage renal failure and there is an urgent need to identify new clinical biomarkers and targets for treatment to effectively prevent and slow the progression of the complication. Many lines of evidence show that inflammation is a cardinal pathogenetic mechanism in DN. Studies in animal models of experimental diabetes have demonstrated that there is a low-grade inflammation in the diabetic kidney. Both pharmacological and genetic strategies targeting inflammatory molecules have been shown to be beneficial in experimental DN. In vitro studies have cast light on the cellular mechanisms whereby diabetes triggers inflammation and in turn inflammation magnifies the kidney injury. Translation of this basic science knowledge into potential practical clinical applications is matter of great interest for researchers today. This review focuses on key pro-inflammatory systems implicated in the development of DN: the tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α/TNF-α receptor system, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CC-chemokine receptor-2 system, and the Endocannabinoid system that have been selected as they appear particularly promising for future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Barutta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so AM Dogliotti 14, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gianella-Borradori M, Christou I, Bataille CJR, Cross RL, Wynne GM, Greaves DR, Russell AJ. Ligand-based virtual screening identifies a family of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:241-63. [PMID: 25487422 PMCID: PMC4346271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been linked with the regulation of inflammation, and selective receptor activation has been proposed as a target for the treatment of a range of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and arthritis. In order to identify selective CB2R agonists with appropriate physicochemical and ADME properties for future evaluation in vivo, we first performed a ligand-based virtual screen. Subsequent medicinal chemistry optimisation studies led to the identification of a new class of selective CB2R agonists. Several examples showed high levels of activity (EC50<200 nM) and binding affinity (Ki<200 nM) for the CB2R, and no detectable activity at the CB1R. The most promising example, DIAS2, also showed favourable in vitro metabolic stability and absorption properties along with a clean selectivity profile when evaluated against a panel of GPCRs and kinases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gianella-Borradori
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ivy Christou
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Rebecca L Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harnett JJ, Dolo C, Viossat I, Auger F, Ferrandis E, Bigg D, Auguet M, Auvin S, Chabrier PE. Novel azoles as potent and selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:88-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
21
|
Zhang L, Kline RH, McNearney TA, Johnson MP, Westlund KN. Cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist attenuates pain related behavior in rats with chronic alcohol/high fat diet induced pancreatitis. Mol Pain 2014; 10:66. [PMID: 25403433 PMCID: PMC4242547 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) is a complex and multifactorial syndrome. Many contributing factors result in development of dysfunctional pain in a significant number of patients. Drugs developed to treat a variety of pain states fall short of providing effective analgesia for patients with chronic pancreatitis, often providing minimal to partial pain relief over time with significant side effects. Recently, availability of selective pharmacological tools has enabled great advances in our knowledge of the role of the cannabinoid receptors in pathophysiology. In particular, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has emerged as an attractive target for management of chronic pain, as demonstrated in several studies with inflammatory and neuropathic preclinical pain models. In this study, the analgesic efficacy of a novel, highly selective CB2 receptor agonist, LY3038404 HCl, is investigated in a chronic pancreatitis pain model, induced with an alcohol/high fat (AHF) diet. Results Rats fed the AHF diet developed visceral pain-like behaviors detectable by week 3 and reached a maximum at week 5 that persists as long as the diet is maintained. Rats with AHF induced chronic pancreatitis were treated with LY3038404 HCl (10 mg/kg, orally, twice a day for 9 days). The treated animals demonstrated significantly alleviated pain related behaviors after 3 days of dosing, including increased paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT), prolonged abdominal withdrawal latencies (ABWL), and decreased nocifensive responses to noxious 44°C hotplate stimuli. Terminal histological analysis of pancreatic tissue sections from the AHF chronic pancreatitis animals demonstrated extensive injury, including a global pancreatic gland degeneration (cellular atrophy), vacuolization (fat deposition), and fibrosis. After the LY3038404 HCl treatment, pancreatic tissue was significantly protected from severe damage and fibrosis. LY3038404 HCl affected neither open field exploratory behaviors nor dark/light box preferences as measures of higher brain and motor functions. Conclusion LY3038404 HCl, a potent CB2 receptor agonist, possesses tissue protective and analgesic properties without effects on higher brain function. Thus, activation of CB2 receptors is suggested as a potential therapeutic target for visceral inflammation and pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karin N Westlund
- Department of Physiology, MS-508 College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 40526-0298 Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sekiguchi K, Fukumura K, Hasegawa H, Kanazu T. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of [14C]-S-777469, a new cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist, in healthy human subjects. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:150-7. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.956158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Dhopeshwarkar A, Mackie K. CB2 Cannabinoid receptors as a therapeutic target-what does the future hold? Mol Pharmacol 2014; 86:430-7. [PMID: 25106425 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decades have seen an exponential rise in our understanding of the endocannabinoid system, comprising CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids. The primary focus of this review is the CB2 receptor. CB2 receptors have been the subject of considerable attention, primarily due to their promising therapeutic potential for treating various pathologies while avoiding the adverse psychotropic effects that can accompany CB1 receptor-based therapies. With the appreciation that CB2-selective ligands show marked functional selectivity, there is a renewed opportunity to explore this promising area of research from both a mechanistic as well as a therapeutic perspective. In this review, we summarize our present knowledge of CB2 receptor signaling, localization, and regulation. We discuss the availability of genetic tools (and their limitations) to study CB2 receptors and also provide an update on preclinical data on CB2 agonists in pain models. Finally, we suggest possible reasons for the failure of CB2 ligands in clinical pain trials and offer possible ways to move the field forward in a way that can help reconcile the inconsistencies between preclinical and clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amey Dhopeshwarkar
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Gill Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Gill Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chicca A, Caprioglio D, Minassi A, Petrucci V, Appendino G, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Gertsch J. Functionalization of β-caryophyllene generates novel polypharmacology in the endocannabinoid system. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1499-507. [PMID: 24831513 DOI: 10.1021/cb500177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread dietary plant sesquiterpene hydrocarbon β-caryophyllene (1) is a CB2 cannabinoid receptor-specific agonist showing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in vivo. Structural insights into the pharmacophore of this hydrocarbon, which lacks functional groups other than double bonds, are missing. A structure-activity study provided evidence for the existence of a well-defined sesquiterpene hydrocarbon binding site in CB2 receptors, highlighting its exquisite sensitivity to modifications of the strained endocyclic double bond of 1. While most changes on this element were detrimental for activity, ring-opening cross metathesis of 1 with ethyl acrylate followed by amide functionalization generated a series of new monocyclic amides (11a, 11b, 11c) that not only retained the CB2 receptor functional agonism of 1 but also reversibly inhibited fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the major endocannabinoid degrading enzyme, without affecting monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and α,β hydrolases 6 and 12. Intriguingly, further modification of this monocyclic scaffold generated the FAAH- and endocannabinoid substrate-specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dual inhibitors 11e and 11f, which are probes with a novel pharmacological profile. Our study shows that by removing the conformational constraints induced by the medium-sized ring and by introducing functional groups in the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 1, a new scaffold with pronounced polypharmacological features within the endocannabinoid system could be generated. The structural and functional repertoire of cannabimimetics and their yet poorly understood intrinsic promiscuity may be exploited to generate novel probes and ultimately more effective drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chicca
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Minassi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vanessa Petrucci
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hollinshead SP, Tidwell MW, Palmer J, Guidetti R, Sanderson A, Johnson MP, Chambers MG, Oskins J, Stratford R, Astles PC. Selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) agonists: optimization of a series of purines leading to the identification of a clinical candidate for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5722-33. [PMID: 23795771 DOI: 10.1021/jm400305d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A focused screening strategy identified thienopyrimidine 12 as a cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist (hCB2) with moderate selectivity over the hCB1 receptor. This initial hit suffered from poor in vitro metabolic stability and high in vivo clearance. Structure-activity relationships describe the optimization and modification to a new more polar series of purine CB2 agonists. Examples from this novel scaffold were found to be highly potent and fully efficacious agonists of the human CB2 receptor with excellent selectivity against CB1, often having no CB1 agonist activity at the highest concentration measured (>100 μM). Compound 26 is a centrally penetrant molecule which possesses good biopharmaceutical properties, is highly water-soluble, and demonstrates robust oral activity in rodent models of joint pain. In addition, the peripherally restricted molecule 22 also demonstrated significant efficacy in the same analgesic model of rodent inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Hollinshead
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company , Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sekiguchi K, Kanazu T, Takeuchi M, Hasegawa H, Yamaguchi Y. Non-clinical evaluation of the metabolism, pharmacokinetics and excretion of S-777469, a new cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:48-58. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.805853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
27
|
Leleu-Chavain N, Biot C, Chavatte P, Millet R. [From cannabis to selective CB2R agonists: molecules with numerous therapeutical virtues]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:523-8. [PMID: 23732102 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013295016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Originally used in Asia for the treatment of pain, spasms, nausea and insomnia, marijuana is the most consumed psychotropic drug worldwide. The interest of medical cannabis has been reconsidered recently, leading to many scientific researches and commercialization of these drugs. Natural and synthetic cannabinoids display beneficial antiemetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in numerous diseases, however accompanied with undesirable effects due to the CB1 receptor. Present researches focus on the design of therapeutical molecules targeting the CB2 receptors, and thus avoiding central side effects and therefore psychotropic effects caused by the CB1 receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Institut de chimie pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol, université Lille Nord, EA 4481, IFR114, 3, rue du Pr Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gembus V, Furman C, Millet R, Mansouri R, Chavatte P, Levacher V, Brière JF. Scaffold hopping strategy toward original pyrazolines as selective CB₂ receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:396-404. [PMID: 23151320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In line of a scaffold hopping strategy of pyrazole structures, especially known as potent CB(2) receptor antagonists, we exploited an original and convergent synthesis of a new class of C4-benzyl pyrazolines and derivatives from readily available hydrazones and enones (two or three steps). Making use of a mixture of resin supported reagents strategy an efficient domino process allowed the easy construction of various dihydropyrazoles in 63-83% yields. The obtained family of pyrazolines featured significant hCB(2)/hCB(1) selectivity in favor of hCB(2) receptors while more than 1000-3000 nM affinity was only measured for hCB(1) receptors. This is closely related to pyrazole SR144528 inverse agonist/antagonist, although a partial agonist behavior in the [(35)S]-GTPγS binding assay was mainly measured in our case pointing out a functional switch in action. Furthermore, this hCB(2) selectivity is unique within the pyrazoline CB ligands although the affinity ranging from 251 to 689 nM remains to be improved which give, however, an opportunity for further structure-activity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gembus
- INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l'Université, 76800 St Etienne du Rouvray, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|