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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Reina-Gutiérrez S, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Torres-Costoso A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Díaz-Goñi V, Cadenas-Sánchez C. Sex Differences in Effects of Exercise on Physical Function in Aging: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e23. [PMID: 38449450 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I²). RESULTS A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I²=75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I²=52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I²=89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I²=0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Grupo de Investigacion en Educacion Fısica, Salud y Calidad de Vida, Facultad de Educacion, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sara Reina-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay.
| | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nursing and Occupational Therapy, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, CIBEROBN, ISCIII, Granada, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affair Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Charuta A, Paziewska A. The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3368. [PMID: 37571305 PMCID: PMC10421332 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (D.D.); (K.K.); (A.C.)
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Precision Medicine for Chronic Diseases: Focus on Lifestyle Changes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081291. [PMID: 36013240 PMCID: PMC9409984 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nanogenerator-Based Wireless Intelligent Motion Correction System for Storing Mechanical Energy of Human Motion. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As it is urgently needed to address the energy consumption and health care problems caused by population growth, the field of sustainable energy collection and storage equipment as well as intelligent health care for monitoring human motion behavior has received wide attention and achieved rapid development. However, the portable intelligent systems that integrate them have not been widely discussed. In this work, we propose a design of a nanogenerator-based wireless intelligent motion correction system, combining triboelectric nanogenerator technology with wireless intelligent host computer signal processing and visualization systems. Under the condition of no external power supply, a noninvasive triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG) sensor integrated system stores the mechanical energy due to human movement behavior and drives wireless micro-electronic devices to realize the human–computer interaction application of the intelligent system. In the conducted test, the reported instantaneous output of an ordinary clap action was around 241V. For a variety of physical exercise types being monitored, it can accurately determine human movement behavior and perform error correction and scoring for movement techniques. Additionally, using hydrogel as an electrode improves the service life and stability of the device. Therefore, this flexible and convenient design concept is beneficial to the development and utilization of sustainable energy and sports activities. In addition, it extends the application prospects of FL-TENG in self-powered sensing systems.
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Di Raimondo D, Musiari G, Rizzo G, Pirera E, Signorelli SS. New Insights in Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042475. [PMID: 35206661 PMCID: PMC8872199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Di Raimondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-6552180
| | - Gaia Musiari
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Edoardo Pirera
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Medical Angiology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
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Ketogenic Diet, Physical Activity, and Hypertension-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082567. [PMID: 34444726 PMCID: PMC8398985 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies link cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with unhealthy lifestyles (unhealthy dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, and low levels of physical activity). Therefore, the strong need for CVD prevention may be pursued through an improved control of CVD risk factors (impaired lipid and glycemic profiles, high blood pressure, and obesity), which is achievable through an overall intervention aimed to favor a healthy lifestyle. Focusing on diet, different recommendations emphasize the need to increase or avoid consumption of entire classes of food, with only partly known and only partly foreseeable consequences on the overall level of health. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed to be an effective lifestyle intervention for metabolic syndrome, and although the beneficial effects on weight loss and glucose metabolism seems to be well established, the effects of a prolonged KD on the ability to perform different types of exercise and the influence of KD on blood pressure (BP) levels, both in normotensives and in hypertensives, are not so well understood. The objective of this review is to analyze, on the basis of current evidence, the relationship between KD, regular physical activity, and BP.
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Álvarez-Bueno C, Ferri-Morales A, Torres-Costoso A, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Pilates improves physical performance and decreases risk of falls in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiotherapy 2021; 112:163-177. [PMID: 34332493 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in older adults. Physical exercise is a suitable strategy to reduce the risk of falls, but there is little research on the effectiveness of specific exercise modalities. OBJECTIVES To estimate the effectiveness of Pilates compared to habitual or non-exercise on physical performance and the risk of falls in older adults. DATA SOURCES Five databases were searched through April 15, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trial in people aged ≥60 years. OUTCOMES balance, strength, flexibility, functionality, and risk of falls. DATA SYNTHESIS Pooled standardized mean differences were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based on Pilates' modality, the existence of a detailed exercise protocol, supervision by a certified instructor, and overall risk of bias were performed. RESULTS Thirty-nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analyses. The meta-analyses indicated a moderate effect of Pilates on balance (ES=0.36; 95% CI=0.21 to 0.50), strength (ES=0.63; 95% CI=0.44 to 0.81), flexibility (ES=0.41; 95% CI=0.16 to 0.67), and functionality (ES=0.51; 95% CI=0.32 to 0.72) as well as a large effect on the risk of falls (ES=0.90; 95% CI=0.41 to 1.38) in older adults when compared with control groups. The level of certainty of the findings was low for balance, flexibility, and functionality and moderate for strength and falls. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS Pilates may promote the autonomy of older people in their daily living activities. Systematic Review Registration Number PROSPERO CRD42018116452.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Movi-Fitness S.L, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain; Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay.
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Di Raimondo D, Rizzo G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Role of Regular Physical Activity in Neuroprotection against Acute Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239086. [PMID: 33260365 PMCID: PMC7731306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles that prevents an effective therapeutic intervention against ischemic stroke is the lack of neuroprotective agents able to reduce neuronal damage; this results in frequent evolution towards a long-term disability with limited alternatives available to aid in recovery. Nevertheless, various treatment options have shown clinical efficacy. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), widely produced throughout the brain, but also in distant tissues such as the muscle, have demonstrated regenerative properties with the potential to restore damaged neural tissue. Neurotrophins play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury. Unfortunately, the efficacy of exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by rapid degradation with subsequent poor half-life and a lack of blood-brain-barrier permeability. Regular exercise seems to be a therapeutic approach able to induce the activation of several pathways related to the neurotrophins release. Exercise, furthermore, reduces the infarct volume in the ischemic brain and ameliorates motor function in animal models increasing astrocyte proliferation, inducing angiogenesis and reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress. One of the most critical issues is to identify the relationship between neurotrophins and myokines, newly discovered skeletal muscle-derived factors released during and after exercise able to exert several biological functions. Various myokines (e.g., Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Irisin) have recently shown their ability to protects against neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models, suggesting that these substances may influence the degree of neuronal damage in part via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the main experimental data available to date on the neuroprotective and anti-ischemic role of regular exercise, analyzing also the possible role played by neurotrophins and myokines.
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Signorelli SS, Marino E, Scuto S, Di Raimondo D. Pathophysiology of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): A Review on Oxidative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124393. [PMID: 32575692 PMCID: PMC7352779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease that affects a wide range of the world’s population, reaching up to 200 million individuals worldwide. PAD particularly affects elderly individuals (>65 years old). PAD is often underdiagnosed or underestimated, although specificity in diagnosis is shown by an ankle/brachial approach, and the high cardiovascular event risk that affected the PAD patients. A number of pathophysiologic pathways operate in chronic arterial ischemia of lower limbs, giving the possibility to improve therapeutic strategies and the outcome of patients. This review aims to provide a well detailed description of such fundamental issues as physical exercise, biochemistry of physical exercise, skeletal muscle in PAD, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in PAD, and antioxidants in PAD. These issues are closely related to the oxidative stress in PAD. We want to draw attention to the pathophysiologic pathways that are considered to be beneficial in order to achieve more effective options to treat PAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-5378-2545
| | - Elisa Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Scuto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (E.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Stroke Care, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant. Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (Promise) G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Arnao V, Tuttolomondo A, Daidone M, Pinto A. Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis Process. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1525-1543. [PMID: 31096892 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190516103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemias is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, however, new evidence brought to light by trials investigating therapies to enhance HDLcholesterol have suggested an increased atherosclerotic risk when HDL-C is high. RESULTS Several studies highlight the central role in atherosclerotic disease of dysfunctional lipoproteins; oxidised LDL-cholesterol is an important feature, according to "oxidation hypothesis", of atherosclerotic lesion, however, there is today a growing interest for dysfunctional HDL-cholesterol. The target of our paper is to review the functions of modified and dysfunctional lipoproteins in atherogenesis. CONCLUSION Taking into account the central role recognized to dysfunctional lipoproteins, measurements of functional features of lipoproteins, instead of conventional routine serum evaluation of lipoproteins, could offer a valid contribution in experimental studies as in clinical practice to stratify atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Arnao
- BioNeC Dipartimento di BioMedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,PhD School of: Medicina Clinica e Scienze del Comportamento-Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine. (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Daidone
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Daher SS, Nogueira MP, Ferreira M, Tedeschi MRM, Martinez LRC, Shirassu MM. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR ELDERLY AND ECONOMY FOR THE HEALTH SYSTEM. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2018; 26:271-274. [PMID: 30210259 PMCID: PMC6131283 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182604194374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the use of the health system and the quality of life in sedentary elderly. METHODS A prospective interventional study was carried out between March 2010 and February 2011 with 100 subjects (60-90 years of age,) divided into active group (AG) and control group (CG). During this period, AG performed physical exercise twice a week in 60-minute sessions and the CG remained sedentary with observation of their activities. Before and after the study, all subjects were clinically evaluated and completed a quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS Eighty-nine subjects (AG = 44; CG = 45) were analyzed. AG had fewer visits to emergency room (p = 0.0056), hospitalizations (p = 0.0011), length of hospital stay (p = 0.0012) and fewer subsidiary tests (p = 0.0236) compared to the CG. The quality of life score analyzed before and after physical activity increased in AG compared to CG (p < 0.0001) and among subjects in AG (p < 0.0001), with no change in the CG. CONCLUSION The intervention of a physical activity program for sedentary elderly can contribute to reduce the use of the health system and improve the quality of life. Level of evidence II, Therapeutics Studies. Prospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Salim Daher
- Health Sciences Graduate Studies Program, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Paschoal Nogueira
- Health Sciences Graduate Studies Program, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauro Ferreira
- Municipal Government of São Paulo, Coordenadoria de Gestão das Políticas e Programas de Esporte e Lazer (CGPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Martinez Tedeschi
- Municipal Government of São Paulo, Coordenadoria de Gestão das Políticas e Programas de Esporte e Lazer (CGPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mirian Matsura Shirassu
- Centro de Promoção e Proteção à Saúde – Prevenir, Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Di Raimondo D, Miceli G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. New insights about the putative role of myokines in the context of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary cardiovascular prevention. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:300. [PMID: 28856140 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.07.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training prevents the onset and the development of many chronic diseases, acting as an effective tool both for primary and for secondary prevention. Various mechanisms that may be the effectors of these beneficial effects have been proposed during the past decades: some of these are well recognized, others less. Muscular myokines, released during and after muscular contraction, have been proposed as key mediators of the systemic effects of the exercise. Nevertheless the availability of an impressive amount of evidence regarding the systemic effects of muscle-derived factors, few studies have examined key issues: (I) if skeletal muscle cells themselves are the main source of cytokine during exercise; (II) if the release of myokines into the systemic circulation reach an adequate concentration to provide significant effects in tissues far from skeletal muscle; (III) what may be the role carried out by muscular cytokine regarding the well-known benefits induced by regular exercise, first of all the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. Furthermore, a greater part of our knowledge regarding myokines derives from the muscle of healthy subjects. This knowledge may not necessarily be transferred per se to subjects with chronic diseases implicating a direct or indirect muscular dysfunction and/or a chronic state of inflammation with persistent immune-inflammatory activation (and therefore increased circulating levels of some cytokines): cachexia, sarcopenia due to multiple factors, disability caused by neurological damage, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) or coronary artery disease (CAD). A key point of future studies is to ascertain how is modified the muscular release of myokines in different categories of unhealthy subjects, both at baseline and after rehabilitation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the main findings on the role of myokines as putative mediators of the therapeutic benefits obtained through regular exercise in the context of secondary cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Di Raimondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miceli
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaia Musiari
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina interna e Specialistica, University of PALERMO, Palermo, Italy
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Schwarz P. [Not Available]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:49. [PMID: 27844362 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-9009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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