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Mukarram SA, Wandhekar SS, Ahmed AEM, Pandey VK, Csaba O, Lajos D, József P, Harsányi E, Bela K. Exploring the Ecological Implications, Gastronomic Applications, and Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Juglans regia L. (Green Walnut): A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1183. [PMID: 38674873 PMCID: PMC11055045 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The green walnut, which is frequently overlooked in favor of its more mature sibling, is becoming a topic of great significance because of its unique ecological role, culinary flexibility, and therapeutic richness. The investigation of the bioactive substances found in green walnuts and their possible effects on human health has therapeutic potential. Juglans regia L. is an important ecological component that affects soil health, biodiversity, and the overall ecological dynamic in habitats. Comprehending and recording these consequences are essential for environmental management and sustainable land-use strategies. Regarding cuisine, while black walnuts are frequently the main attraction, green walnuts have distinct tastes and textures that are used in a variety of dishes. Culinary innovation and the preservation of cultural food heritage depend on the understanding and exploration of these gastronomic characteristics. Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are abundant in green walnuts, which have a comprehensive nutritional profile. Walnuts possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-function-enhancing properties. Consuming green walnuts as part of one's diet helps with antioxidant defense, cardiovascular health, and general well-being. Juglans regia L., with its distinctive flavor and texture combination, is not only a delicious food but also supports sustainable nutrition practices. This review explores the nutritional and pharmacological properties of green walnuts, which can be further used for studies in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Young Scientist, World Food Forum, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Sangram S. Wandhekar
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani 431402, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- RDC, Biotechnology Department, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India;
| | - Oláh Csaba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Borsod County Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary;
| | - Daróczi Lajos
- Y-Food Ltd., Dózsa György út 28/A, 4100 Berettyóújfalu, Hungary;
| | - Prokisch József
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Endre Harsányi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Agricultural Research Institutes and Academic Farming (AKIT), University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Kovács Bela
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Devidas SB, Bhandari P. Quantitative determination of specialised metabolites in different parts of Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch by using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:102-115. [PMID: 37697487 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch are nut-producing plant species of the Juglandaceae family. Bioactive compounds like naphthoquinones, tetralones, and diarylheptanoids are dominant in these species. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop and validate a fast and sensitive analytical method by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS) for quantification and identification of bioactive compounds in fruit pericarps and leaves of J. regia and C. illinoinensis collected from two different states of north India. METHODOLOGY The dried pericarps of J. regia and C. illinoinensis (500 mg) were extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (50:50 v/v, 20 mL, 50°C, 30 min) by ultrasonication and analysed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS) for qualitative and quantitative examination of phytoconstituents. The method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human use (ICH) guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). RESULTS Here, we report the quantification of dihydrophaseic acid (1), 4,5-dihydroxytetralone (2), 4,8-dihydroxytetralone (3), 5,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxytetralone (4), and juglanin A (5) in the pericarps and leaves of J. regia and C. illinoinensis. Furthermore, using the hyphenated analytical method, a total of 62 compounds were tentatively characterised in different samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed diversity between the analysed sample's composition. Also, the study evaluated the variation of bioactive compounds among different parts of J. regia and C. illinoinensis collected from different regions of northern India by UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS. CONCLUSION The developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and characterisation of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinde Bhagatsing Devidas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pamita Bhandari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Mosaddad SA, Hussain A, Tebyaniyan H. Green Alternatives as Antimicrobial Agents in Mitigating Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1269. [PMCID: PMC10220622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islimic Azade University, Tehran 14878-92855, Iran
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Untea AE, Varzaru I, Saracila M, Panaite TD, Oancea AG, Vlaicu PA, Grosu IA. Antioxidant Properties of Cranberry Leaves and Walnut Meal and Their Effect on Nutritional Quality and Oxidative Stability of Broiler Breast Meat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051084. [PMID: 37237949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary sources of bioactive compounds in animal diets, are the natural way to produce animal food products with improved nutritional quality. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis of a synergistic effect of bioactive compounds of cranberry leaf powder and walnut meal on the nutritional quality and antioxidant compounds of broiler meat. An experiment was conducted on 160 COBB 500 broiler chickens, housed in an experimental hall with permanent wood shave litter in boxes of 3 m2. The six dietary treatments were based on corn and soybean meal; three experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with cranberry leaves (CLs) with three inclusion rates (0% in the control group and CL 1% and CL 2%); two experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with walnut meal (WM) with two inclusion rates (0% and WM 6%); and two groups were fed diets with a combination of the selected supplements (CL 1% WM 6% and CL 2% WM 6%). The results show that the experimental groups registered higher concentrations of copper and iron compared with the control group. An antagonist effect was noticed on lipophilic compounds, and the lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations presented a dose-dependent increasing effect under CL influence, while vitamin E concentrations decreased in the same manner. The dietary WM positively influenced vitamin E deposits on breast tissue. The dietary supplements did not produce any effect on the primary oxidation products, but the secondary products were influenced, and the maximum effect on the TBARS values were recorded for the dietary combination of CL 1% and WM 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabela Elena Untea
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Iulia Varzaru
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Saracila
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Tatiana Dumitra Panaite
- Nutrition Physiology Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Oancea
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Food and Feed Quality Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Iulian Alexandru Grosu
- Animal Biology Laboratory, National Research and Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
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Naqvi SIZ, Kausar H, Afzal A, Hashim M, Mujahid H, Javed M, Hano C, Anjum S. Antifungal Activity of Juglans-regia-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Aspergillus-ochraceus-Induced Toxicity in In Vitro and In Vivo Settings. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040221. [PMID: 37103312 PMCID: PMC10141138 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins produced by some species of Aspergillus are considered secondary toxic fungal by-products in feeds and food. Over the past few decades, many experts have focused on preventing the production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus and also reducing its toxicity. Applications of various nanomaterials in preventing the production of these toxic aflatoxins have received a lot of attention recently. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the protective impact of Juglans-regia-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Aspergillus-ochraceus-induced toxicity by exhibiting strong antifungal activity in in vitro (wheat seeds) and in vivo (Albino rats) settings. For the synthesis of AgNPs, the leaf extract of J. regia enriched with high phenolic (72.68 ± 2.13 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid (18.89 ± 0.31 mg QE/g DW) contents was used. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized by various techniques, including TEM, EDX, FT-IR, and XRD, which revealed that the particles were spherical in shape with no agglomeration and fine particle size in the range of 16-20 nm. In vitro antifungal activity of AgNPs was tested on wheat grains by inhibiting the production of toxic aflatoxins by A. ochraceus. According to the results obtained from High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) analyses, there was a correlation between the concentration of AgNPs and a decrease in the production of aflatoxin G1, B1, and G2. For in vivo antifungal activity, Albino rats were administrated with different doses of AgNPs in five groups. The results indicated that the feed concentration of 50 µg/kg feed of AgNPs was more effective in improving the disturbed levels of different functional parameters of the liver (alanine transaminase (ALT): 54.0 ± 3.79 U/L and aspartate transaminase (AST): 206 ± 8.69 U/L) and kidney (creatinine 0.49 ± 0.020 U/L and BUN 35.7 ± 1.45 U/L), as well as the lipid profile (LDL 22.3 ± 1.45 U/L and HDL 26.3 ± 2.33 U/L). Furthermore, the histopathological analysis of various organs also revealed that the production of aflatoxins was successfully inhibited by AgNPs. It was concluded that the harmful effects of aflatoxins produced by A. ochraceus can be successfully neutralized by using J. regia-mediated AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Itrat Zahra Naqvi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 92-Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Humera Kausar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 92-Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arooj Afzal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Hashim
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 92-Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Mujahid
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Hano
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eure & Loir Campus, University of Orleans, 28000 Chartres, France
| | - Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Kinnaird College for Women, 92-Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Song H, Cong Z, Wang C, He M, Liu C, Gao P. Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14504. [PMID: 36369998 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Walnut oil is extracted from walnut kernels (Juglans regia Linne) or iron walnut kernels (Juhlans sigillata Dode). The percentage of oil in walnuts is 52%-70%. The main constituents in oil are fatty acids, phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. Many extraction methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, maceration, modified "bligh and dyer extraction," aqueous enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soxhlet extraction, and cold-press extraction methods are reported in the literature. Walnut oil showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. The reported data in the literature suggest that walnut oil has many health benefits. This review summarizes the extraction methods, bioactive constituents, health benefits, and pharmacological actions of walnut oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Walnut oil is a natural vegetable oil of significant importance due to their nutritional, and intelligence-boosting benefits. Several factors, including the processing parameters and the phytochemical profile, affect walnut oil products' flavor and color. In addition, storage environment of walnut oil can also affect walnut oil quality. Apart from the predominant ingredient fatty acids, the chemical composition of walnut oil comprises phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. These bioactive compounds are of potential value owing to their health-promoting benefits, including antioxidant, antitumor, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Many chemical constituents were isolated from walnut oil; however, all the compounds are not explored for their possible medicinal value. Thus, clinical studies, exploration of the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanisms of all the compounds, and development of convenient dosage forms either for therapeutic or functional food purposes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jinan, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Congying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Efficacy of Lazolex® Gel in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Mucocutaneous Infections and the Prevention of Recurrences: A Pilot Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4413679. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4413679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that walnut extract has a therapeutic effect on herpes simplex infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of Lazolex® Gel (Iveriapharma, Tbilisi, Georgia), an emollient gel to treat mucocutaneous lesions caused by herpes simplex virus. Methods. A single-center, single-arm, open-label, phase II clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients divided into two groups: 15 patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections and 15 with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). All received topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel four times a day for 10 days. The efficacy and tolerance of the treatment were evaluated on day 10 and day 20 of the study. Recurrence rates were also evaluated both prior to treatment with Lazolex® and over a 4-year follow-up period subsequent to treatment. Results. The median effective time to resolution of symptoms (itching, burning, and pain) was 1.97 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.11 days in the HSV-2 group. The median effective time for vesicles and erosion to disappear was 3.64 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.88 days for the HSV-2 group. Finally, the median effective time for inflammatory signs to disappear was 5.70 and 4.32 days, respectively. Following treatment with Lazolex® Gel, the frequency of outbreaks decreased from a median of 2.00 and 1.00 times per year in the HSV-1 and HSV-2 cohorts to 0.25 and 0.00 (
and
), respectively. Conclusions. Topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel applied to lesions four times a day for 10 days was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of herpes simplex mucocutaneous infections and dramatically reduced the rate of recurrence. Clinical trial was approved by Drug Agency of Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia, registration # DA Nº CT-000032, date of approval 01.10.2007.
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Bujdosó G, Lengyel-Kónya É, Berki M, Végh A, Fodor A, Adányi N. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Walnut Bacterial Blight in the Green Husk of Hungarian-Bred Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2996. [PMID: 36365449 PMCID: PMC9657124 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most grown nut tree crop in Central Europe. The aim was to study the full Hungarian walnut assortment with a distinct early spring phenology to detect the difference in phenolic profile in their green husks. Furthermore, the relationship between the presence and concentration of phenolic compounds and the tolerance/resistance of the observed cultivars to walnut bacterial blight was investigated. Examining the samples, significant differences were found between the concentrations of the different groups of phenolic compounds. Walnut blight immunity tests were also performed to clarify the role of phenolic compounds in the nut derived from a non-irrigated orchard. The Hungarian-bred local cultivars contained phenolic compounds in higher concentrations than the domesticated ones. There was a significant correlation between the budburst, as well as the pistillate flowers' receptivity and the concentration of juglone. Cultivars with a low concentration of phenolic compounds were the most susceptible to walnut bacterial blight, except 'Bonifác'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Bujdosó
- Research Centre for Fruit Growing, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1223 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Lengyel-Kónya
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Berki
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Végh
- Institute of Plant Protection, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Fodor
- Institute of Plant Protection, Buda Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Adányi
- Food Science Research Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Romić S, Tepavčević S, Popović T, Zec M, Stojiljković M, Ćulafić T, Bošković M, Korićanac G. Consumption of walnuts suppresses the conversion of palmitic to palmitoleic acid and enhances omega-3 fatty acid metabolism in the heart of fructose-fed rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:940-953. [PMID: 35918845 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Walnut consumption mostly has a positive implication for cardiovascular health. Walnut diet effects on the cardiac fatty acid (FA) metabolism of healthy rats and those with fructose diet-induced metabolic burden were analysed. Both walnuts and fructose increased CD36 transporter level and the nuclear content of some/all of Lipin 1/PPARα/PGC-1 complex partners, as well as cytosolic and nuclear FOXO1. However, fructose, independently of walnuts, increased the content of palmitic (PA), oleic, and vaccenic acid (VA), while in walnut-fed rats failed to increase palmitoleic acid (POA) level and the POA/PA ratio, as well as total MUFA content. In opposite, walnuts reduced the level of PA and VA and increased alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acid level, regardless of fructose. In conclusion, both fructose and walnuts stimulated the uptake and oxidation of FA in the heart, but the walnuts, opposite to fructose, favourably altered cardiac FA profile in healthy and metabolically compromised rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Romić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mojca Stojiljković
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ćulafić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Bošković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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The Effect of Adding Spices to Green Walnut Tinctures on Their Polyphenolic Profile, Antioxidant Capacity and Action on Renal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Green walnuts—unripe fruits of Juglans regia L. are known for their many biological activities and therapeutic potential. Tinctures based on unripe walnuts (samples 1 and 2) and tinctures with the addition of spices (ginger, cloves, bay leaves, juniper fruit: samples 3–6) were tested for polyphenol profile and antioxidant capacity. The effect on a normal monkey kidney epithelial cell line (VERO) was evaluated. For monitoring the changes in cell proliferation, real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system) was employed and cell viability was measured by the MTS test. All tinctures showed the presence of polyphenols, mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and naphthoquinones, and in the sample with cloves, eugenol was found. Addition of spices increased the antioxidant capacity. Tinctures show a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect. The lowest concentrations (125 µg mL−1) of both tinctures without additives (1 and 2) and with bay leaves (4) did not adversely affect (p > 0.05) and even supported cell proliferation (p < 0.05) in comparison to the control cells without treatment. Viability was lower in all cells except for the cells treated with tincture with cloves addition (p > 0.05). It indicates the beneficial effect of cloves enrichment and supports the assumption that the appropriate dosage of tinctures is necessary to be safe for the consumers.
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Romano R, De Luca L, Vanacore M, Genovese A, Cirillo C, Aiello A, Sacchi R. Compositional and Morphological Characterization of ‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ Walnuts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050761. [PMID: 35267393 PMCID: PMC8909582 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In Italy, most of the cultivated walnuts belong to the Sorrento ecotype, and they are considered commercially valuable due to their specific organoleptic characteristics. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the morphological and compositional characteristics of walnuts sampled from ‘Sorrento’ trees cultivated in different locations in Campania and trees of both the ‘Chandler’ and ‘Sorrento’ varieties derived from the same location. The results demonstrated that ‘Sorrento’ and ‘Chandler’ walnuts have different biometric characteristics and a different fat content, with the highest fat content being found in the ‘Sorrento’ variety. Regarding the fatty acid (FA) composition, the content of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (MUFAs and SFAs) was highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 13 to 15% for MUFAs and from 11 to 13% for SFAs), while the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content was highest in the ‘Chandler’ variety (77%). The total phenolics content (TPC) was highest in the ‘Sorrento’ variety (from 910 to 1230 mg GAE/100 g), while no difference in γ-tocopherol content was found. Furthermore, the influence of walnut area cultivation was shown for fat content, FA composition and TPC. Therefore, both walnut varieties demonstrated good nutritional properties considering the PUFAs and γ-tocopherol content.
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Green Husk of Walnuts (Juglans regia L.) from Southern Italy as a Valuable Source for the Recovery of Glucans and Pectins. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Walnut green husk is an agricultural waste produced during the walnut (Juglans regia L.) harvest, that could be valued as a source of high-value compounds. In this respect, walnut green husks from two areas of Southern Italy (Montalto Uffugo and Zumpano), with different soil conditions, were investigated. Glucans and pectins were isolated from dry walnut husks by carrying out alkaline and acidic extractions, respectively, and then they were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The colorimetric method for the enzymatic measurement of α- and β-glucans was performed. The maximum total glucan yield was recovered from Montalto walnut husks (4.6 ± 0.2 g/100 g DM) with a β-glucan percentage (6.3 ± 0.4) higher than that calculated for Zumpano walnut husks (3.6 ± 0.5). Thermal analysis (DSC) confirmed the higher degree of crystallinity of glucans from Zumpano. The pectin content for Montalto husks was found to be 2.6 times that of Zumpano husks, and the esterification degree was more than 65%. The results suggested that J. regia L. green husks could be a source of glucans and pectins, whose content and morphological and thermal characteristics were influenced by different soil and climate conditions.
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Yan S, Wang X, Yang C, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu B, Qiao L, Zhao J, Mohammad P, Zheng X, Xu J, Zhi H, Zheng J. Insights Into Walnut Lipid Metabolism From Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:715731. [PMID: 34539744 PMCID: PMC8446449 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.715731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Walnut oil is an excellent source of essential fatty acids. Systematic evaluation of walnut lipids has significance for the development of the nutritional and functional value of walnut. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to characterize the lipids of walnut. A total of 525 lipids were detected and triacylglycerols (TG) (18:2/18:2/18:3) and diacylglycerols (DG) (18:2/18:2) were the main glycerolipids present. Essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, were the main DG and TG fatty acid chains. Many types of phospholipids were observed with phosphatidic acid being present in the highest concentration (5.58%). Using a combination of metabolome and transcriptome analysis, the present study mapped the main lipid metabolism pathway in walnut. These results may provide a theoretical basis for further study and specific gene targets to enable the development of walnut with increased oil content and modified fatty acid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Xingsu Wang
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Chenkang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Bangbang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Pourkheirandish Mohammad
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xingwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- College of Food Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Huming Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, Institute of Wheat Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, China
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Croitoru AM, Karaçelebi Y, Saatcioglu E, Altan E, Ulag S, Aydoğan HK, Sahin A, Motelica L, Oprea O, Tihauan BM, Popescu RC, Savu D, Trusca R, Ficai D, Gunduz O, Ficai A. Electrically Triggered Drug Delivery from Novel Electrospun Poly(Lactic Acid)/Graphene Oxide/Quercetin Fibrous Scaffolds for Wound Dressing Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070957. [PMID: 34201978 PMCID: PMC8309188 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel controlled and localized delivery of drug molecules to target tissues using an external electric stimulus makes electro-responsive drug delivery systems both feasible and desirable, as well as entailing a reduction in the side effects. Novel micro-scaffold matrices were designed based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and graphene oxide (GO) via electrospinning. Quercetin (Q), a natural flavonoid, was loaded into the fiber matrices in order to investigate the potential as a model drug for wound dressing applications. The physico-chemical properties, electrical triggering capacity, antimicrobial assay and biocompatibility were also investigated. The newly fabricated PLA/GO/Q scaffolds showed uniform and smooth surface morphologies, without any beads, and with diameters ranging from 1107 nm (10%PLA/0.1GO/Q) to 1243 nm (10%PLA). The in vitro release tests of Q from the scaffolds showed that Q can be released much faster (up to 8640 times) when an appropriate electric field is applied compared to traditional drug-release approaches. For instance, 10 s of electric stimulation is enough to ensure the full delivery of the loaded Q from the 10%PLA/1%GO/Q microfiber scaffold at both 10 Hz and at 50 Hz. The antimicrobial tests showed the inhibition of bacterial film growth. Certainly, these materials could be loaded with more potent agents for anti-cancer, anti-infection, and anti-osteoporotic therapies. The L929 fibroblast cells cultured on these scaffolds were distributed homogeneously on the scaffolds, and the highest viability value of 82.3% was obtained for the 10%PLA/0.5%GO/Q microfiber scaffold. Moreover, the addition of Q in the PLA/GO matrix stimulated the production of IL-6 at 24 h, which could be linked to an acute inflammatory response in the exposed fibroblast cells, as a potential effect of wound healing. As a general conclusion, these results demonstrate the possibility of developing graphene oxide-based supports for the electrically triggered delivery of biological active agents, with the delivery rate being externally controlled in order to ensure personalized release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa-Maria Croitoru
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Yasin Karaçelebi
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Elif Saatcioglu
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Eray Altan
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Songul Ulag
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Kıvanc Aydoğan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ali Sahin
- Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ludmila Motelica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Ovidiu Oprea
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Bianca-Maria Tihauan
- Research and Development Department, The National Institute for Research & Development in Food Bioresources, Dinu Vintila St. 6, 021102 Bucharest, Romania; or
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, Spl. Independentei 91-95, 50567 Bucharest, Romania
- Research & Development for Advanced Biotechnologies and Medical Devices, SC Sanimed International Impex SRL, 087040 Călugareni, Romania
| | - Roxana-Cristina Popescu
- “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Research & Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului, No. 30, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Savu
- “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Research & Development in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului, No. 30, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (R.-C.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey; (E.S.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh. Polizu St. 1-7, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.C.); (L.M.); (O.O.); (R.T.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.G.); (A.F.)
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Walnut Supplementation Restores the SIRT1-FoxO3a-MnSOD/Catalase Axis in the Heart, Promotes an Anti-Inflammatory Fatty Acid Profile in Plasma, and Lowers Blood Pressure on Fructose-Rich Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5543025. [PMID: 33976753 PMCID: PMC8086433 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of walnut (Juglans regia) consumption for metabolic health are known, but the molecular background underlying their putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects is underexplored. We assessed that walnut supplementation (6 weeks) reverted unfavorable changes of the SIRT1/FoxO3a/MnSOD/catalase axis in the heart induced by fructose-rich diet (FRD). Intriguingly, Nox4 was increased by both FRD and walnut supplementation. FRD increased the cytosolic fraction and decreased the nuclear fraction of the uniquely elucidated ChREBP in the heart. The ChREBP nuclear fraction was decreased in control rats subjected to walnuts. In addition, walnut consumption was associated with a reduction in systolic BP in FRD and a decrease in fatty acid AA/EPA and AA/DHA ratios in plasma. In summary, the protective effect of walnut supplementation was detected in male rats following the fructose-induced decrease in antioxidative/anti-inflammatory capacity of cardiac tissue and increase in plasma predictors of low-grade inflammation. The current results provide a novel insight into the relationship between nutrients, cellular energy homeostasis, and the modulators of inflammatory/immune response in metabolic syndrome, emphasizing the heart and highlighting a track for translation into nutrition and dietary therapeutic approaches against metabolic disease.
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16
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Can Walnut Serve as a Magic Bullet for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app11010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Walnut contains many nutrients and bioactive components such as essential fatty acids, polyphenols, fiber, ɤ-tocopherol, folate, minerals, and vegetable protein, and has therefore been regarded as a natural functional food. Walnut-enriched diets have been demonstrated to be useful for heart health, cancer prevention, and metabolic disorders owing to their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties as well as for the maintenance of a healthy metabolism and immune function. Walnut extracts, either phenolic or lipid, also demonstrated the health effects in animal and cultured cell studies. More recently, the beneficial effects of walnut consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is a hepatic manifestation of obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome with substantial hepatic accumulation of triglyceride, have been proposed because walnut and a walnut-containing diet can modulate the etiologic mechanism such as ameliorating systemic and hepatic dyslipidemia, reducing lipotoxicity and inflammation, enhancing immune function, and maintaining gut microbiota balance. Through the extensive literature review we discuss the preventive roles of walnut in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and provide mechanistic insights into these effects.
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Stanisic J, Ivkovic T, Romic S, Zec M, Culafic T, Stojiljkovic M, Koricanac G. Beneficial effect of walnuts on vascular tone is associated with Akt signalling, voltage-dependent calcium channel LTCC and ATP-sensitive potassium channel Kv1.2. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:324-334. [PMID: 32693647 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1796931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of walnuts is beneficial for cardiovascular health. To study walnut effects on proteins involved in vascular tone regulation, control and fructose-fed rats were subjected to walnut diet for 6 weeks. In contrast with increased energy intake and body mass gain, aortic protein level of L-type calcium channel alpha subunit was decreased and the level of SUR2B subunit of ATP-sensitive K + channel was increased in healthy rats subjected to walnuts, together with improved Akt phosphorylation. Upon the walnut diet in rats subjected to fructose overload, the rise in energy intake and body mass gain, was followed by an increase in blood insulin. Although SUR2B level was elevated, the level of sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were reduced and increased, respectively. In summary, walnut consumption was accompanied with moderate beneficial vascular effect in healthy rats, while an effect of walnut in rats with metabolic disturbances was rather controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Tamara Ivkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Manja Zec
- Centre of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Ficai
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials; Gh Polizu Street 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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