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Shahid A, Yeung S, Miwalian R, Mercado A, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Mitigation of Nitrogen Mustard-Induced Skin Injury by the β-Blocker Carvedilol and Its Enantiomers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:495-505. [PMID: 37827703 PMCID: PMC10801755 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard and its structural analog nitrogen mustard (NM) cause severe vesicating skin injuries. The pathologic mechanisms for the skin injury following mustard exposure are poorly understood; therefore, no effective countermeasure is available. Previous reports demonstrated the protective activity of carvedilol, a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved β-blocker, against UV radiation-induced skin damage. Thus, the current study evaluated the effects of carvedilol on NM-induced skin injuries in vitro and in vivo. In the murine epidermal cell line JB6 Cl 41-5a, β-blockers with different receptor subtype selectivity were examined. Carvedilol and both of its enantiomers, R- and S-carvedilol, were the only tested ligands statistically reducing NM-induced cytotoxicity. Carvedilol also reduced NM-induced apoptosis and p53 expression. In SKH-1 mice, NM increased epidermal thickness, damaged skin architecture, and induced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-related proinflammatory genes as assessed by RT2 Profiler PCR (polymerase chain reaction) Arrays. To model chemical warfare scenario, 30 minutes after exposure to NM, 10 μM carvedilol was applied topically. Twenty-four hours after NM exposure, carvedilol attenuated NM-induced epidermal thickening, Ki-67 expression, a marker of cellular proliferation, and multiple proinflammatory genes. Supporting the in vitro data, the non-β-blocking R-enantiomer of carvedilol had similar effects as racemic carvedilol, and there was no difference between carvedilol and R-carvedilol in the PCR array data, suggesting that the skin protective effects are independent of the β-adrenergic receptors. These data suggest that the β-blocker carvedilol and its enantiomers can be repurposed as countermeasures against mustard-induced skin injuries. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard and its structural analog nitrogen mustard cause severe vesicating skin injuries for which no effective countermeasure is available. This study evaluated the effects of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved β-blocker carvedilol on nitrogen mustard-induced skin injuries to repurpose this cardiovascular drug as a medical countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Rita Miwalian
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Angela Mercado
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Bradley T Andresen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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Dat NM, Nam NTH, Cong CQ, Huong LM, Hai ND, Tai LT, An H, Duy BT, Dat NT, Viet VND, Duong HT, Phong MT, Hieu NH. Chitosan membrane drafting silver-immobilized graphene oxide nanocomposite for banana preservation: Fabrication, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124607. [PMID: 37116839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, silver-immobilized graphene oxide/chitosan (AGC/CTS) membranes were assembled by the solvent evaporation method, wherein Curcuma longa extract was used to synthesize silver-immobilized graphene oxide (AGC) nanocomposite. The characterization results showed that the AGC was successfully synthesized with AgNPs distributed quite evenly on GO sheets. The as-prepared AGC also exhibited high antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity towards normal cell lines compared to human epithelial carcinoma cell lines. Besides, the fabrication of AGC/CTS membranes was additionally assessed with different AGC ratios and thicknesses. The results revealed the membrane containing 3 wt% of AGC with great hygroscopicity and elasticity module of 27.03 ± 3.07 MPa. The samples also performed excellent bactericidal capability, along with good mechanical properties for banana preservation. Therewithal, the membrane-coated bananas were also elucidated to be ripened at slower paces and less damage, with no appearance of patches of mold on the banana peel surface, eventually prolonging the shelf life of bananas up to 10 days as compared to the non-coated ones. The aforesaid results confirm the potential application of the AGC/CTS membrane as a safe and alternative fruit preservation agent in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Dat
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Hoai Nam
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Che Quang Cong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Minh Huong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Duy Hai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Le Tan Tai
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang An
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Bui Thanh Duy
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vo Nguyen Dai Viet
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Thai Duong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (Key CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Timperley CM, Forman JE, Abdollahi M, Al-Amri AS, Baulig A, Benachour D, Borrett V, Cariño FA, Curty C, Geist M, Gonzalez D, Kane W, Kovarik Z, Martínez-Álvarez R, Mourão NMF, Neffe S, Raza SK, Rubaylo V, Suárez AG, Takeuchi K, Tang C, Trifirò F, van Straten FM, Vanninen PS, Vučinić S, Zaitsev V, Zafar-Uz-Zaman M, Zina MS, Holen S, Alwan WS, Suri V, Hotchkiss PJ, Ghanei M. Advice on assistance and protection provided by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons: Part 3. On medical care and treatment of injuries from sulfur mustard. Toxicology 2021; 463:152967. [PMID: 34619302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Blister agents damage the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissues. Other toxic effects may occur after absorption. The response of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to a request from the OPCW Director-General in 2013 on the status of medical countermeasures and treatments to blister agents is updated through the incorporation of the latest information. The physical and toxicological properties of sulfur mustard and clinical effects and treatments are summarised. The information should assist medics and emergency responders who may be unfamiliar with the toxidrome of sulfur mustard and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Timperley
- Chair of the OPCW SAB from 2015-2018, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan E Forman
- Science Policy Adviser and Secretary to the SAB, OPCW, The Hague, 2417, JR, the Netherlands, from 2015-2018
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Augustin Baulig
- Secrétariat Général de la Défense et de la Sécurité Nationale (SGDSN), Paris, France
| | - Djafer Benachour
- LMPMP, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif-1, Algeria
| | - Veronica Borrett
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | | | | | - David Gonzalez
- Facultad De Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Syed K Raza
- Chairperson Accreditation Committee, National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL), India
| | - Valentin Rubaylo
- State Scientific Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology (GosNIIOKhT), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alejandra Graciela Suárez
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Koji Takeuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cheng Tang
- Office for the Disposal of Japanese Abandoned Chemical Weapons, Ministry of National Defence, Beijing, China
| | - Ferruccio Trifirò
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paula S Vanninen
- VERIFIN, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Slavica Vučinić
- National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | - Stian Holen
- Head of Strategy and Policy at the OPCW from 2009 to 2015
| | - Wesam S Alwan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivek Suri
- Intern in the OPCW Office of Strategy and Policy, Summer 2018
| | - Peter J Hotchkiss
- Senior Science Policy Officer and Secretary to the SAB, OPCW, The Hague, 2417, JR, the Netherlands.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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