The Emerging Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Ovarian Cancer

Extrachromosomal circular DNA: biogenesis, structure, functions and diseases

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), ranging in size from tens to millions of base pairs, is independent of conventional chromosomes. Recently, eccDNAs have been considered an unanticipated major source of somatic rearrangements, contributing to genomic remodeling through chimeric circularization and reintegration of circular DNA into the linear genome. In addition, the origin of eccDNA is considered to be associated with essential chromatin-related events, including the formation of super-enhancers and DNA repair machineries. Moreover, our understanding of the properties and functions of eccDNA has continuously and greatly expanded. Emerging investigations demonstrate that eccDNAs serve as multifunctional molecules in various organisms during diversified biological processes, such as epigenetic remodeling, telomere trimming, and the regulation of canonical signaling pathways. Importantly, its special distribution potentiates eccDNA as a measurable biomarker in many diseases, especially cancers. The loss of eccDNA homeostasis facilitates tumor initiation, malignant progression, and heterogeneous evolution in many cancers. An in-depth understanding of eccDNA provides novel insights for precision cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the discovery history of eccDNA, discussed the biogenesis, characteristics, and functions of eccDNA. Moreover, we emphasized the role of eccDNA during tumor pathogenesis and malignant evolution. Therapeutically, we summarized potential clinical applications that target aberrant eccDNA in multiple diseases.

Study on the Application of Systemic Inflammation Response Index and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in Ovarian Malignant Tumors

Objective

We aimed to evaluate whether the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are associated with ovarian malignancy and their diagnostic value. Design: This retrospective study compared SIRI, PLR, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 153 (CA153), cancer antigen 199 (CA199), A carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetal protein (AFP) of the two groups in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020, divided into two groups based on pathological results, including 85 with ovarian malignancy who met the study criteria and 85 patients with benign ovarian tumors were randomly selected as control group.

Results

1) SIRI and PLR in benign ovarian tumor group were lower than those in ovarian malignancy group; 2) SIRI and PLR in ovarian malignant tumor low stage group were lower than those in the high stage group; 3) In ovarian malignancies, SIRI and PLR were positively associated with CA125 (the correlation coefficient r = 0.251, p = 0.021; r = 0.251, p = 0.020;) but showed no correlation with CA153.

Conclusion

The study shows that SIRI and PLR are both convenient and associated with ovarian malignancy. SIRI and PLR can be used to help the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tumors and can also be used in the markers of ovarian malignant tumors roughly staging.