2
|
Inhibition of the MepA efflux pump by limonene demonstrated by in vitro and in silico methods. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:15-20. [PMID: 34417720 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a natural process carried out by bacteria, which has been considered a public health problem in recent decades. This process can be triggered through the efflux mechanism, which has been extensively studied, mainly related to the use of natural products to inhibit this mechanism. To carry out the present study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests of the compound limonene were performed, through the microdilution methodology in sterile 96-well plates. Tests were also carried out with the association of the compound with ethidium bromide and ciprofloxacin, in addition to the ethidium bromide fluorimetry, and later the molecular docking. From the tests performed, it was possible to observe that the compound limonene presented significant results when associated with ethidium bromide and the antibiotic used. Through the fluorescence emission, it was observed that when associated with the compound limonene, a greater ethidium bromide fluorescence was emitted. Finally, when analyzing the in silico study, it demonstrated that limonene can efficiently fit into the MepA structure. In this way, it is possible to show that limonene can contribute to cases of bacterial resistance through an efflux pump, so that it is necessary to carry out more studies to prove its effects against bacteria carrying an efflux pump and assess the toxicity of the compound.
Collapse
|
3
|
Durães F, Resende DISP, Palmeira A, Szemerédi N, Pinto MMM, Spengler G, Sousa E. Xanthones Active against Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:600. [PMID: 34069329 PMCID: PMC8158687 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria able to resist to the action of a wide range of antibiotics is becoming a growing problem for public health. The search for new compounds with the potential to help in the reversion of bacterial resistance plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry research. Under this scope, bacterial efflux pumps are responsible for the efflux of antimicrobials, and their inhibition could reverse resistance. In this study, the multidrug resistance reversing activity of a series of xanthones was investigated. Firstly, docking studies were performed in the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and in a homology model of the NorA pump. Then, the effects of twenty xanthone derivatives on bacterial growth were evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus 272123 and in the acrA gene-inactivated mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 (SE03). Their efflux pump inhibitory properties were assessed using real-time fluorimetry. Assays concerning the activity of these compounds towards the inhibition of biofilm formation and quorum sensing have also been performed. Results showed that a halogenated phenylmethanamine xanthone derivative displayed an interesting profile, as far as efflux pump inhibition and biofilm formation were concerned. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of xanthones as potential efflux pump inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Durães
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I. S. P. Resende
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Nikoletta Szemerédi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Madalena M. M. Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (LQOF), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (F.D.); (D.I.S.P.R.); (A.P.); (M.M.M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Relison S, Pereira PS. Alternative Drugs for Bacterial Resistance Control: Synergism through Resistance Inhibitors-Part II. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:108-109. [PMID: 33783342 DOI: 10.2174/138920022202210302105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Relison
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department of Biological Sciences University of Region of Cariri Urca Av. Cel Antonio Luiz 1161 Crato (Ce), Brazil
| | - Pedro S Pereira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department of Biological Sciences University of Region of Cariri Urca Av. Cel Antonio Luiz 1161 Crato (Ce), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|