1
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Green EA, Fogarty K, Ishmael FT. Penicillin Allergy: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management. Med Clin North Am 2024; 108:671-685. [PMID: 38816110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Allergy to penicillin can occur via any of the 4 types of Gel-Coombs hypersensitivity reactions, producing distinct clinical histories and physical examination findings. Treatments include penicillin discontinuation, and depending on the type of reaction, epinephrine, antihistamines, and/or glucocorticoids. Most beta-lactams may be safely used in penicillin-allergic patients, with the possible exception of first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins. Penicillin testing includes skin testing, patch testing, and graded challenge. The selection of the type of testing depends on the clinical setting, equipment availability, and type of hypersensitivity reaction. Desensitization may be used in some cases where treatment with penicillins is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle A Green
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Kelan Fogarty
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Faoud T Ishmael
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA; Mount Nittany Health, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA.
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2
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Khan S, Hussain R, Khan Y, Iqbal T, Anwar S, Aziz T, Alharbi M. In vitro enzymatic, in silico ADME and molecular docking based analysis for the identification of novel bis-indole containing triazine-thiazole hybrids derivatives as promising urease inhibitors. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 0:znc-2024-0061. [PMID: 38635830 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2024-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The current study details a sequence of sequential reactions for synthesizing bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivatives. Several steps were involved in the synthesis of bis-indole-based triazine bearing thiazole derivative. The synthetic reactions were monitored via thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HR-EIMS. The inhibitory activity against urease enzyme of these synthesized compounds was compared with that of thiourea, a standard drug (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). A range of inhibitory potencies were observed for the synthesized compounds, ranging from moderate to excellent, as follows (IC50 = 5.10 ± 0.40 µM to 29.80 ± 0.20 µM). Analyzing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) provided insight into the results, showing that different substituents had different effects on aromatic rings. Several compounds displayed outstanding inhibitory properties (among those tested were 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 with IC50 = 6.30 ± 0.80, 5.10 ± 0.40, 5.90 ± 0.50, 8.20 ± 0.10, 8.90 ± 0.60 µM, respectively). Anti-urease evaluation of all the synthesized derivatives was conducted in which the selected compounds have shown remarkable potency compared with the standard drug thiourea (IC50 = 9.30 ± 0.20 µM). Molecular docking analysis was carried out for investigating the better binding sites and distance of the derivatives. Moreover, the drug-like properties were explored by the ADME attributes of the synthesized analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, 469633 Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST) , Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, 66934 Hazara University , Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, 66715 COMSATS University Islamabad , Campus-45550, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyiaba Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, 469633 Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST) , Abbottabad, 22500, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, 66934 Hazara University , Mansehra, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 37850 College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Hussain R, Rehman W, Khan S, Maalik A, Hefnawy M, Alanazi AS, Khan Y, Rasheed L. Imidazopyridine-Based Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antidiabetic Agents: Synthesis, In Vitro Bioactivity, and In Silico Molecular Modeling Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1288. [PMID: 37765096 PMCID: PMC10535535 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of thiazole derivatives (4a-p) incorporating imidazopyridine moiety was synthesized and assessed for their in vitro potential α-glucosidase potency using acarbose as a reference drug. The obtained results suggested that compounds 4a (docking score = -13.45), 4g (docking score = -12.87), 4o (docking score = -12.15), and 4p (docking score = -11.25) remarkably showed superior activity against the targeted α-glucosidase enzyme, with IC50 values of 5.57 ± 3.45, 8.85 ± 2.18, 7.16 ± 1.40, and 10.48 ± 2.20, respectively. Upon further investigation of the binding mode of the interactions by the most active scaffolds with the α-glucosidase active sites, the docking analysis was accomplished in order to explore the active cavity of the α-glucosidase enzyme. The interpretation of the results showed clearly that scaffolds 4a and 4o emerged as the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, with promising excellent binding interactions with the active site of the α-glucosidase enzyme. Furthermore, utilizing a variety of spectroscopic methods, such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS, the precise structures of the synthesized scaffolds were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (R.H.); (L.R.)
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (R.H.); (L.R.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (R.H.); (L.R.)
| | - Aneela Maalik
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; (R.H.); (L.R.)
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4
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Mlakić M, Đurčević E, Odak I, Barić D, Juričević I, Šagud I, Burčul F, Lasić Z, Marinić Ž, Škorić I. Thieno-Thiazolostilbenes, Thienobenzo-Thiazoles, and Naphtho-Oxazoles: Computational Study and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093781. [PMID: 37175190 PMCID: PMC10180155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphtho-triazoles and thienobenzo-triazoles have so far proven to be very potent inhibitors of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Based on these results, in this work, new thienobenzo-thiazoles were designed and synthesized, and their potential inhibitory activity was tested and compared with their analogs, naphtho-oxazoles. The synthesis was carried out by photochemical cyclization of thieno-thiazolostilbenes obtained in the first reaction step. Several thienobenzo-thiazoles and naphtho-oxazoles have shown significant potential as BChE inhibitors, together with the phenolic thiazolostilbene being the most active of all tested compounds. These results are significant as BChE has been attracting growing attention due to its positive role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Computational examination based on the DFT approach enabled the characterization of the geometry and electronic structure of the studied molecules. Furthermore, the molecular docking study, accompanied by additional optimization of complexes ligand-active site, offered insight into the structure and stabilizing interactions in the complexes of studied molecules and BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mlakić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ema Đurčević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ilijana Odak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danijela Barić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Juričević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivana Šagud
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices, Ksaverska Cesta 4, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Zlata Lasić
- Teva Api Analytical R&D, Pliva, Prilaz Baruna Filipovića 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Marinić
- NMR Center, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Škorić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Green EA, Fogarty K, Ishmael FT. Penicillin Allergy. Prim Care 2023; 50:221-235. [PMID: 37105603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Allergy to penicillin can occur via any of the 4 types of Gel-Coombs hypersensitivity reactions, producing distinct clinical histories and physical examination findings. Treatments include penicillin discontinuation, and depending on the type of reaction, epinephrine, antihistamines, and/or glucocorticoids. Most beta-lactams may be safely used in penicillin-allergic patients, with the possible exception of first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins. Penicillin testing includes skin testing, patch testing, and graded challenge. The selection of the type of testing depends on the clinical setting, equipment availability, and type of hypersensitivity reaction. Desensitization may be used in some cases where treatment with penicillins is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle A Green
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Kelan Fogarty
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Faoud T Ishmael
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine University Park, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA; Mount Nittany Health, 1850 East Park Avenue, State College, PA 16803, USA.
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6
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Elneairy MAA, Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM. One-pot synthesis and antibacterial screening of new (nicotinonitrile-thiazole)-based mono- and bis(Schiff bases) linked to arene units. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2163506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Ibrayev MK, Nurkenov OA, Rakhimberlinova ZB, Takibayeva AT, Palamarchuk IV, Turdybekov DM, Kelmyalene AA, Kulakov IV. Synthesis, Structure and Molecular Docking of New 4,5-Dihydrothiazole Derivatives Based on 3,5-Dimethylpyrazole and Cytisine and Salsoline Alkaloids. Molecules 2022; 27:7598. [PMID: 36364423 PMCID: PMC9655236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction results of 1,2-dibromo-3-isothiocyanatopropane with some pyrazoles as well as cytisine and salsoline alkaloids were presented in this paper. It was shown that the reaction resulted in one one-step and rather mild method for the preparation of the corresponding 1,3-thiazoline bromomethyl derivatives. The yield of this reaction was affected by the presence of a base and an order in which reagents were added. Molecular docking of the synthesized 1,3-thiazoline derivatives for putative antibacterial activity was carried out using the penicillin-binding target protein (PBP4) of the bacteria E. coli "Homo sapiens" and S. aureus "Homo sapiens" as an example. Molecular docking demonstrated that the compounds had insignificant binding energies at the level of selected reference drugs (Cephalotin and Chloramphenicol). The presence of natural alkaloids in the structure of thiazoline derivatives somewhat increased the affinity of these substrates for target proteins selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat K. Ibrayev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Karaganda Buketov University, st. University 28, Karaganda 100024, Kazakhstan
| | - Oralgazy A. Nurkenov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of Republic of Kazakhstan, Alikhanova 1, Karaganda 100008, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar B. Rakhimberlinova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
| | - Altynaray T. Takibayeva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina V. Palamarchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Tyumen State University, 15a Perekopskaya St., Tyumen 625003, Russia
| | - Dastan M. Turdybekov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel A. Kelmyalene
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Abylkas Saginov Karaganda Technical University, Ave. Nursultan Nazarbayev, 56, Karaganda 100027, Kazakhstan
| | - Ivan V. Kulakov
- Institute of Chemistry, Tyumen State University, 15a Perekopskaya St., Tyumen 625003, Russia
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH. New thiazole-based bis(Schiff bases) linked to arene units as potential MRSA inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2134800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Synthesis of Novel Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives as Multipotent Inhibitors of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase: In Vitro Evaluation along with Molecular Docking Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196457. [PMID: 36234994 PMCID: PMC9572811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hybrid analogs of benzimidazole containing a thiazole moiety (1-17) were afforded and then tested for their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase when compared to acarbose as a standard drug. The recently available analogs showed a wide variety of inhibitory potentials that ranged between 1.31 ± 0.05 and 38.60 ± 0.70 µM (against α-amylase) and between 2.71 ± 0.10 and 42.31 ± 0.70 µM (against α-glucosidase) under the positive control of acarbose (IC50 = 10.30 ± 0.20 µM against α-amylase) (IC50 = 9.80 ± 0.20 µM against α-glucosidase). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out for all analogs based on substitution patterns around both rings B and C respectively. It was concluded from the SAR study that analogs bearing either substituent(s) of smaller size (-F and Cl) or substituent(s) capable of forming hydrogen bonding (-OH) with the catalytic residues of targeted enzymes enhanced the inhibitory potentials. Therefore, analogs 2 (bearing meta-fluoro substitution), 3 (having para-fluoro substitution) and 4 (with ortho-fluoro group) showed enhanced potency when evaluated against standard acarbose drug with IC50 values of 4.10 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.05 and 1.90 ± 0.10 (against α-amylase) and 5.60 ± 0.10, 2.70 ± 0.10 and 2.90 ± 0.10 µM (against α-glucosidase), correspondingly. On the other hand, analogs bearing substituent(s) of either a bulky nature (-Br) or that are incapable of forming hydrogen bonds (-CH3) were found to lower the inhibitory potentials. In order to investigate the binding sites for synthetic analogs and how they interact with the active areas of both targeted enzymes, molecular docking studies were also conducted on the potent analogs. The results showed that these analogs adopted many important interactions with the active areas of enzymes. The precise structure of the newly synthesized compounds was confirmed using several spectroscopic techniques as NMR and HREI-MS.
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10
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Hussain R, Ullah H, Rahim F, Sarfraz M, Taha M, Iqbal R, Rehman W, Khan S, Shah SAA, Hyder S, Alhomrani M, Alamri AS, Abdulaziz O, Abdelaziz MA. Multipotent Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Synthesis, Biological Analysis and Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole-Based Thiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 27:6087. [PMID: 36144820 PMCID: PMC9504419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four analogues of benzimidazole-based thiazoles (1-24) were synthesized and assessed for their in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potential. All analogues were found to exhibit good inhibitory potential against cholinesterase enzymes, having IC50 values in the ranges of 0.10 ± 0.05 to 11.10 ± 0.30 µM (for AChE) and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM to 14.20 ± 0.10 µM (for BuChE) as compared to the standard drug Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 and 4.5 ± 0.11 µM, respectively). Among the series, analogues 16 and 21 were found to be the most potent inhibitors of AChE and BuChE enzymes. The number (s), types, electron-donating or -withdrawing effects and position of the substituent(s) on the both phenyl rings B & C were the primary determinants of the structure-activity relationship (SAR). In order to understand how the most active derivatives interact with the amino acids in the active site of the enzyme, molecular docking studies were conducted. The results obtained supported the experimental data. Additionally, the structures of all newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by using several spectroscopic methods like 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and HR EIMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Punjab 36050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| | - Majid Alhomrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhakeem S. Alamri
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Synthesis, in-vivo anti-diabetic & anticancer activities and molecular modelling studies of tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole tethered nicotinohydrazide derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Potential bacterial biofilm, MRSA, and DHFR inhibitors based on new morpholine-linked chromene-thiazole hybrids: One-pot synthesis and in silico study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Mabkhot YN, Khaled JMA, Alharbi NSHA, Mohammed FAN, Abdo Almekhlafi F, Abutaha NM, Kheder NA, Asiri YI, Bin Muhsinah A, Alsayari A. An Economic Synthesis of New Thiazole Derivative as a Potent Anticancer, Anti-Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Larvicidal Agent. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1984952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahia N. Mabkhot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M. A. Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyf S. H. A. Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Ali Nasr Mohammed
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Abdo Almekhlafi
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nael Mahmmoud Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabila A. Kheder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yahya I. Asiri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Jaruthamsophon K, Thomson PJ, Sukasem C, Naisbitt DJ, Pirmohamed M. HLA Allele-Restricted Immune-Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions: Framework for Genetic Prediction. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:509-529. [PMID: 34516290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052120-014115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is a hallmark genetic marker for the prediction of certain immune-mediated adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Numerous basic and clinical research studies have provided the evidence base to push forward the clinical implementation of HLA testing for the prevention of such ADRs in susceptible patients. This review explores current translational progress in using HLA as a key susceptibility factor for immune ADRs and highlights gaps in our knowledge. Furthermore, relevant findings of HLA-mediated drug-specific T cell activation are covered, focusing on cellular approaches to link genetic associations to drug-HLA binding as a complementary approach to understand disease pathogenesis. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanoot Jaruthamsophon
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom; .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Paul J Thomson
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom;
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom; .,Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, and Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center (SDMC), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dean J Naisbitt
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom;
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom;
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15
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Mekky AEM, Sanad SMH, El-Idreesy TT. New thiazole and thiazole-chromene hybrids possessing morpholine units: Piperazine-mediated one-pot synthesis of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1970774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. H. Sanad
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tamer T. El-Idreesy
- Faculty of Science , Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Sanad SMH, Mekky AEM, Said AY, Elneairy MAA. Pyridine‐2(
1
H
)‐thiones: Versatile precursors for one‐pot synthesis of new
nicotinonitrile‐thiazole
hybrids. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y. Said
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
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17
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Averbakh MM, Kosmiadi GA, Andrievskay IY, Chernousova LN, Krushinskaya KA, Panova LV. Lymphocyte stimulation test in the diagnostics of adverse reactions to antituberculouse line 1 and 2 drugs. Klin Lab Diagn 2020; 65:552-556. [PMID: 33245640 DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-9-552-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions to anti-TB drugs (ADR) are found in 6-20% of patients and have various clinical manifestations and are detected in the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST), recorded by the incorporation on H3 thymidine, but nowadays it has significant limitations. We used LST with WST-1 reagent to detect ADR to the main 1-st and 2-nd line antituberculosis drugs in 11 tuberculosis patients who had ADR (6 - hepatotoxic reaction, 3 - blood eosinophilia and 2 - with joint pain syndrome). 6 people with tuberculosis contacts made up the control group. LST evaluation with WST-1 showed that in patients with a hepatotoxic reaction, the SI index was>2 and exceeded the values in the control group (3.28±0.59, 95% CI-1.16 and 0, 74±0.16, 95% CI - 0.31, respectively) upon stimulation of cell cultures with rifampicin alone but not with other drugs. Cell cultures stimulated with the PHA mitogen have SI >2 in ADR patients (mainly with hepatotoxic reactions). Control group SI was <2 (4,93±0.53, 95% CI - 1, 04 and 1.97±0.3, 95% CI - 0.59, respectively). We have not detected PPD-L cell cultures stimulation with WST-1 reagent both in the group of patients with ADR and the control group. In patients with eosinophilia and joint pain syndrome SI was low for all studied drugs and did not differ from the control group. The sensitivity of the LST test with WST-1 reagent is not sufficient to determine ADR to anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G A Kosmiadi
- Central TB Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - I Y Andrievskay
- Central TB Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - L N Chernousova
- Central TB Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - K A Krushinskaya
- Central TB Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
| | - L V Panova
- Central TB Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
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18
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Mishra J, Kaur M, Kaur N, Ganguli AK. Highly selective and sensitive simultaneous nanomolar detection of Cs( i) and Al( iii) ions using tripodal organic nanoparticles in aqueous media: the effect of the urea backbone on chemosensing. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22691-22700. [PMID: 35514585 PMCID: PMC9054604 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03171b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensing plays a very important role in the detection of essential/pollutant ions in aqueous media. In this manuscript, two tripodal ligands, i.e., 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylurea (ligand 1) and 1-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenylthiourea (ligand 2) have been synthesised, which differ in the linker molecule, i.e., urea and thiourea in ligand 1 and ligand 2, respectively. The ligands were characterised by NMR, IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Ligands 1 and 2 (2 mM) were further employed for the generation of their organic nanoparticles (ONPs) (0.01 mM) of size 20–25 nm and 30–35 nm, respectively, by the reprecipitation method. The chemosensing properties of 1-ONP and 2-ONP solutions were investigated. 1-ONP showed simultaneous recognition behaviour towards Cs(i) and Al(iii) with the limits of detection of ∼220 and ∼377 nM, respectively, in an aqueous medium, while 2-ONP did not show any recognition behaviour towards any ion. Two ligands 1 and 2 are synthesized and their organic nanoparticles (1-ONP and 2-ONP) are generated. 1-ONP has shown the chemosensing of Cs(i) (∼220 nm) and Al(iii) (∼377 nm) in aqueous medium while 2-ONP has not shown any chemosensing behaviour.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Mishra
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (UIEAST)
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Ashok K. Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- New Delhi
- India
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19
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Abdin AY, Auker-Howlett D, Landes J, Mulla G, Jacob C, Osimani B. Reviewing the Mechanistic Evidence Assessors E-Synthesis and EBM+: A Case Study of Amoxicillin and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS). Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1866-1880. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190628160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Basic science has delivered unprecedented insights into intricate relationships on the
smallest scales within well-controlled environments. Addressing pressing societal decision problems requires an
understanding of systems on larger scales in real-world situations.
Objective:
To assess how well the evidence assessors E-Synthesis and EBM+ assess basic science findings to
support medical decision making.
Method:
We demonstrate the workings of E-Synthesis and EBM+ on a case study: the suspected causal connection
between the widely-used drug amoxicillin (AMX) and the putative adverse drug reaction: Drug Reaction
with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS).
Results:
We determine an increase in the probability that AMX can cause DRESS within the E-Synthesis approach
and using the EBM+ standards assess the basic science findings as supporting the existence of a mechanism
linking AMX and DRESS.
Conclusions:
While progress is made towards developing methodologies which allow the incorporation of basic
science research in the decision making process for pressing societal questions, there is still considerable need for
further developments. A continued dialogue between basic science researchers and methodologists, philosophers
and statisticians seems to offer the best prospects for developing and evaluating continuously evolving methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y. Abdin
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Daniel Auker-Howlett
- Department of Philosophy, School of European Culture and Languages, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Landes
- Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Glorjen Mulla
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Claus Jacob
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Barbara Osimani
- Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy, LMU Munich, Germany
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20
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21
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Makuvaza JT, Kokkin DL, Loman JL, Reid SA. C-H/π and C-H-O Interactions in Concert: A Study of the Anisole-Methane Complex using Resonant Ionization and Velocity Mapped Ion Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2874-2880. [PMID: 30860841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent forces such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, π-π stacking, and C-H/π and C-H/O interactions hold the key to such chemical processes as protein folding, molecular self-assembly, and drug-substrate interactions. Invaluable insight into the nature and strength of these forces continues to come from the study of isolated molecular clusters. In this work, we report on a study of the isolated anisole-methane complex, where both C-H/π and C-H/O interactions are possible, using a combination of theory and experiments that include mass-selected two-color resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy, two-color appearance potential (2CAP) measurements, and velocity mapped ion imaging (VMI). Using 2CAP and VMI, we derive the binding energies of the complex in ground, excited, and cation radical states. The experimental values from the two methods are in excellent agreement, and they are compared with selected theoretical values calculated using density functional theory and ab initio methods. The optimized ground-state cluster geometry, which is consistent with the experimental observations, shows methane sitting above the ring, interacting with anisole via both C-H/π and C-H/O interactions, and this dual mode of interaction is reflected in a larger ground-state binding energy as compared with the prototypical benzene-methane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Makuvaza
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53233 , United States
| | - Damian L Kokkin
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53233 , United States
| | - John L Loman
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53233 , United States
| | - Scott A Reid
- Department of Chemistry , Marquette University , Milwaukee , Wisconsin 53233 , United States
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22
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Genetic and nongenetic factors that may predispose individuals to allergic drug reactions. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 18:325-332. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Ceballos-Alcantarilla E, Abad-Somovilla A, Agulló C, Abad-Fuentes A, Mercader JV. Protein-Free Hapten-Carbon Nanotube Constructs Induce the Secondary Immune Response. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1630-1638. [PMID: 28598600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes are novel technological tools with multiple applications. The interaction between such nanoparticles and living organisms is nowadays a matter of keen research by academic and private institutions. In this study, carbon nanotube constructs were investigated as delivery vehicles for immunostimulation and induction of the secondary immune response to a small organic molecule, namely, a hapten. Two types of nanoconstructs were prepared: on one hand, carbon nanotubes carrying a protein bioconjugate of a hapten covalently linked to the carbon surface, and on the other hand, covalent carbon nanotube constructs of the same model chemical compound without the carrier protein. Nanotube vehicles carrying a hapten-protein bioconjugate were demonstrated to stimulate the immune system and to induce a strong primary immune response against the hapten with as low as 0.1 μg of the model chemical. The influence of the different elements of those nanoconstructs over the immune response was investigated to better understand the molecular mechanisms that are involved. As expected, the presence of the carrier protein was shown to be necessary in order to trigger the immune response. Interestingly, we found that a remarkable secondary immune response to the model organic compound occurred in the absence of a carrier protein. Additionally, a satisfactory adjuvant effect of carbon nanotubes was observed and a potent immune response was elicited without employing an oil-based adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ceballos-Alcantarilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València , Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Somovilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València , Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Consuelo Agulló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universitat de València , Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Antonio Abad-Fuentes
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Josep V Mercader
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) , Agustí Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
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Abstract
CLINICAL FEATURES Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a reaction pattern mostly caused by drugs. It is characterized by the rapid occurrence of dozens to thousands pinhead-sized, non-follicular, sterile pustules on a slightly edematous erythematous base, commonly with accentuation in the major flexures and usually accompanied by a facial edema, fever and leukocytosis. Histology reveals spongiform subcorneal and/or intraepidermal pustules, an inflammatory infiltrate consisting of neutrophils and often eosinophils and frequently a marked edema of the papillary dermis. TRIGGERS Even if in single case reports a large number of drugs has been described as triggers for AGEP, larger studies have revealed a list with an elevated risk to cause the reaction which includes antibacterial agents like ampicillin/amoxicillin, quinolones, pristinamycin, anti-infective sulfonamides, the antimycotic drug terbinafine, (hydroxy)chloroquine, and diltiazem. In some cases infections have been reported as triggers. CLINICAL COURSE, PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT AGEP is an acute and--especially in patients with concomitant diseases--sometimes severe reaction. Withdrawal of the causative agent usually leads to a rapid and complete resolution--even without further specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sidoroff
- Univ.-Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich,
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25
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Alkhachroum AM, Kazzaz N. A case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with polyarteritis nodosa, responding to systemic steroids. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2015; 5:26645. [PMID: 25846351 PMCID: PMC4387336 DOI: 10.3402/jchimp.v5.26645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient with a known biopsy of polyarteritis nodosa diagnosis presented with cyclic fevers, acute kidney injury, and progression of rash from macular to pustular, worsening despite being on antibiotics, without evidence of infection on multiple cultures. The patient had a pathological diagnosis from a skin biopsy of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis syndrome, with a total resolution of rash, fevers, and acute kidney injury on treatment with pulse steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham M. Alkhachroum
- Department of Medicine University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nayef Kazzaz
- Department of Medicine University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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26
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Ariza A, Fernández TD, Mayorga C, Blanca M, Torres MJ. Prediction of hypersensitivity to antibiotics: what factors need to be considered? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:1279-88. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.852957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Ko TM, Chen YT. T-cell receptor and carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: understanding a hypersensitivity reaction. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8:467-77. [PMID: 22882221 DOI: 10.1586/eci.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence exists to support the view that drug hypersensitivity is mediated by adaptive immunity, which involves MHC-restricted drug presentation, activation and clonal expansion of T cells. The specific MHC molecules implicated in hypersensitivity have been identified; for example, HLA-B*5701 in abacavir-induced drug hypersensitivity and HLA-B*1502 in carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. However, little is known about the role of drug-specific T cells and their T-cell receptors (TCRs) in the pathogenesis of drug hypersensitivity. Using the combination of a strong HLA-B*1502 predisposition in carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and applying global analysis of the TCR repertoire, restricted and common TCR usage in the development of severe drug hypersensitivity have recently been documented. This article reviews recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenic role of drug-specific T cells and their TCRs in the development of drug hypersensitivity and provides an analysis of their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ming Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Yang C, Jie R, Jianbo L, Yan L. Thermo-Responsive Mn–Zn Ferrite/Poly(N,N′-Isopropyl Acrylamide-co-N-Hydroxymethylacrylamide) Core/Shell Nanocomposites for Drug-Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1473-86. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x512117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yang
- a Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ren Jie
- b Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li Jianbo
- c Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yan
- d Institute of Nano and Biopolymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, P. R. China
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30
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Rey J, García FC, García JM. Synthesis and radical polymerisation of methacrylic monomers with crown ethers or their dipodal counterparts in the pendant structure. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Gómez-Valdemoro A, Trigo M, Ibeas S, García FC, Serna F, García JM. Acrylic copolymers with pendant 1,2,4-triazole moieties as colorimetric sensory materials and solid phases for the removal and sensing of cations from aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Vallejos S, El Kaoutit H, Estévez P, García FC, de la Peña JL, Serna F, García JM. Working with water insoluble organic molecules in aqueous media: fluorene derivative-containing polymers as sensory materials for the colorimetric sensing of cyanide in water. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy followed to achieve a sensing phenomenon in aqueous media using water-insoluble organic molecules: the hydrophilic polymer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Vallejos
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - Hamid El Kaoutit
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - Pedro Estévez
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | | | | | - Felipe Serna
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
| | - José Miguel García
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- Burgos
- Spain
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33
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Keller M, Lerch M, Britschgi M, Tâche V, Gerber BO, Lüthi M, Lochmatter P, Kanny G, Bircher AJ, Christiansen C, Pichler WJ. Processing-dependent and -independent pathways for recognition of iodinated contrast media by specific human T cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 40:257-68. [PMID: 20030663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One to three percent of patients exposed to intravenously injected iodinated contrast media (CM) develop delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Positive patch test reactions, immunohistological findings, and CM-specific proliferation of T cells in vitro suggest a pathogenetic role for T cells. We have previously demonstrated that CM-specific T cell clones (TCCs) show a broad range of cross-reactivity to different CM. However, the mechanism of specific CM recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs) has not been analysed so far. OBJECTIVE To determine how T cells specifically recognize CM. METHODS CM-specific TCCs were generated from human blood of three CM-allergic patients and a specific TCR was transfected into a mouse T cell hybridoma. Functional analysis such as proliferation assays, IL-2 secretion assays, and calcium influx experiments were performed using irradiated, glutaraldehyde-fixed, CM-pre-incubated, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-matched or -mismatched antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and HLA-blocking antibodies. RESULTS We identified two mechanisms of T cell stimulation: some TCCs and the transfectant reacted to CM independent of uptake by APCs because proliferation/IL-2 secretion occurred in the presence of glutaraldehyde-fixed APCs, and intracellular calcium increased within seconds after drug addition. Other TCCs required functional APCs, compatible with uptake and presentation of CM on MHC-class II molecules, as implied by three findings: (1) glutaraldehyde fixation of APCs abrogated presentation; (2) CM could not be washed away from CM-pre-incubated APCs; and (3) the optimal pulsing time was 10-20 h. Because allogeneic, MHC-matched, CM-pulsed APCs could induce proliferative responses as well, the ability of CM uptake and presentation is not unique to APCs from patients with CM-induced delayed hypersensitivity. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CM may be stimulatory for T cells either by direct binding to the MHC-TCR complex or by binding after uptake and processing by APCs. This questions the assumed inert nature of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keller
- Adverse Drug Reactions - Analysis and Consulting (ADR-AC) GmbH, Bern, Switzerland
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34
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[HLA-B*5701 and hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir. Study methods and clinical relevance]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26 Suppl 6:34-9. [PMID: 18680694 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(08)76510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir occur in 5-8% of patients starting treatment with this drug and limits future treatment. Some host genetic factors, especially the HLA-B*5701 allele, have been identified as risk factors for hypersensitivity reaction in Caucasians. Consequently, the possibility of routine implementation of a genetic test to rule out the presence of this allele has been proposed to achieve a personalized therapeutic profile. The present article discusses all the information related to hypersensitivity to abacavir and its genetic and immunological markers, as well as the distinct techniques for HLA-B*5701 allele detection. The various studies performed to date in distinct population are also discussed.
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35
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Bergmann NM, Peppas NA. Molecularly imprinted polymers with specific recognition for macromolecules and proteins. Prog Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Almeida CAM, Martin AM, Nolan D, Lucas A, Cameron PU, James I, Phillips E, Mallal S. Cytokine Profiling in Abacavir Hypersensitivity Patients. Antivir Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350801300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Abacavir hypersensitivity in genetically susceptible individuals implicates an abacavir-specific T-cell response to either the parent drug or a metabolite generated in vivo. We have analysed the cytokine profile in antigen-presenting cells and the T-lymphocytes that are involved in the pathological immune response to abacavir. Methods In this study, we compared abacavir-specific cytokine responses in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-infected abacavir hypersensitive, tolerant and naive individuals. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of abacavir. Cytokine expression was determined by microarray analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and flow cytometry. Results We demonstrated using in vitro models of immune activation that the production of interferon-γwas specifically induced by abacavir treatment in PBMCs obtained from hypersensitive patients carrying the HLA-B*5701 allele (median 123.86 compared with -30.83 for tolerant controls, P=0.001). Conclusion These results provide further insight into the immunological and metabolic basis of abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome. In vitro assays could assist in the identification of susceptible loci by providing a surrogate marker for the hypersensitivity reaction. Such a marker could be studied in unexposed individuals to shed further light on the immunopathogenesis of the abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral-Ann M Almeida
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Annalise M Martin
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - David Nolan
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Andrew Lucas
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Paul U Cameron
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian James
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Simon Mallal
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemical Genetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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Sidoroff A, Dunant A, Viboud C, Halevy S, Bavinck JNB, Naldi L, Mockenhaupt M, Fagot JP, Roujeau JC. Risk factors for acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)-results of a multinational case-control study (EuroSCAR). Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:989-96. [PMID: 17854366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a disease characterized by the rapid occurrence of many sterile, nonfollicular pustules usually arising on an oedematous erythema often accompanied by leucocytosis and fever. It is usually attributed to drugs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the risk for different drugs of causing AGEP. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multinational case-control study (EuroSCAR) conducted to evaluate the risk for different drugs of causing severe cutaneous adverse reactions; the study included 97 validated community cases of AGEP and 1009 controls. Results Strongly associated drugs, i.e. drugs with a lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the odds ratio (OR) > 5 were pristinamycin (CI 26-infinity), ampicillin/amoxicillin (CI 10-infinity), quinolones (CI 8.5-infinity), (hydroxy)chloroquine (CI 8-infinity), anti-infective sulphonamides (CI 7.1-infinity), terbinafine (CI 7.1-infinity) and diltiazem (CI 5.0-infinity). No significant risk was found for infections and a personal or family history of psoriasis (CI 0.7-2.2). CONCLUSIONS Medications associated with AGEP differ from those associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Different timing patterns from drug intake to reaction onset were observed for different drugs. Infections, although possible triggers, played no prominent role in causing AGEP and there was no evidence that AGEP is a variant of pustular psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sidoroff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Kindmark A, Jawaid A, Harbron CG, Barratt BJ, Bengtsson OF, Andersson TB, Carlsson S, Cederbrant KE, Gibson NJ, Armstrong M, Lagerström-Fermér ME, Dellsén A, Brown EM, Thornton M, Dukes C, Jenkins SC, Firth MA, Harrod GO, Pinel TH, Billing-Clason SME, Cardon LR, March RE. Genome-wide pharmacogenetic investigation of a hepatic adverse event without clinical signs of immunopathology suggests an underlying immune pathogenesis. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2007; 8:186-95. [PMID: 17505501 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
One of the major goals of pharmacogenetics is to elucidate mechanisms and identify patients at increased risk of adverse events (AEs). To date, however, there have been only a few successful examples of this type of approach. In this paper, we describe a retrospective case-control pharmacogenetic study of an AE of unknown mechanism, characterized by elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) during long-term treatment with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran. The study was based on 74 cases and 130 treated controls and included both a genome-wide tag single nucleotide polymorphism and large-scale candidate gene analysis. A strong genetic association between elevated ALAT and the MHC alleles DRB1(*)07 and DQA1(*)02 was discovered and replicated, suggesting a possible immune pathogenesis. Consistent with this hypothesis, immunological studies suggest that ximelagatran may have the ability to act as a contact sensitizer, and hence be able to stimulate an adaptive immune response.
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Morel E, Bellón T. Amoxicillin conjugates to HLA class I molecules and interferes with signalling through the ILT2/LIR-1/CD85j inhibitory receptor. Allergy 2007; 62:190-6. [PMID: 17298429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs behave as haptens and are recognized by specific T-cell receptors in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in allergic subjects. Natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) are MHC class I-specific receptors that modulate the threshold of activation of immunocompetent cells. Amongst them, ILT2/LIR-1/CD85j is an inhibitory NKR widely distributed in several cell lineages and with a broad spectrum of recognition of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands. METHODS We have evaluated, at the biochemical and cellular level, the ability of amoxicillin (AX) conjugate to HLA class I molecules and to interfere with the inhibitory signal delivered by the HLA class I receptor ILT2/LIR-1/CD85j. RESULTS We have detected AX bound to cell membrane proteins and in particular to HLA class I molecules. Preincubation with AX rendered target cells susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis. In conjugation experiments, target cell-bound AX hampered tyrosine phosphorylation of ILT2/LIR-1/CD85j upon ligand recognition and the subsequent recruitment of SHP-1 phosphatase. CONCLUSION Conjugation of AX to HLA class I molecules may mask HLA recognition by inhibitory receptors and attenuate the negative signal delivered by SHP-1 phosphatase, thus lowering the threshold of activation of effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Morel
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Immunotoxicology is an important aspect of the safety evaluation of drugs and chemicals. Immunosuppression, (unspecific) immunostimulation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity are the four types of immune-mediated adverse effects. However, the nonclinical assessment of immunotoxicity is at present often restricted to animal models and assays to predict unexpected immunosuppression. There is, however, no general consensus that a variety of assays can be considered depending on the compound to be tested. A major issue is whether histological examination of the thymus, spleen, lymphoid organs and Peyer's patches is a reliable predictor of immunosuppression or whether immune function should also be assessed. A T-dependent antibody response assay, either the plaque-forming cell assay or anti-keyhole limpet haemocyanin enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, is recommended as a first-line assay. A variety of assays, including lymphocyte subset analysis, natural killer-cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and macrophage/neutrophil function assays, can also be used. In certain circumstances, host resistance assays can be considered. With the exception of contact sensitisation, very few animal models and assays can reliably predict the potential for (unspecific) immunostimulation, hypersensitivity or autoimmunity. A major limitation of immunotoxicity risk assessment is the lack of human data. Immunological end points and clinical criteria to be included in clinical trials and epidemiological studies have to be carefully standardised and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Descotes
- Centre Antipoison - Centre de Pharmacovigilance, 162 Avenue Lacassagne, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France.
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Martin A, Nolan D, Almeida CA, Rauch A, Mallal S. Predicting and diagnosing abacavir and nevirapine drug hypersensitivity: from bedside to bench and back again. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7:15-23. [PMID: 16354121 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing discussion surrounding the issue of personalized approaches to drug prescription based on an individual's genetic makeup. This field of investigation has focused primarily on identifying genetic factors that influence drug metabolism and cellular disposition, thereby contributing to dose-dependent toxicities and/or variable drug efficacy. However, pharmacogenetic approaches have also proved valuable in predicting drug hypersensitivity reactions in selected patient populations, including HIV-infected patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy. In this instance, susceptibility has been strongly linked to genetic loci involved in antigen recognition and presentation to the immune system--most notably within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region--consistent with the notion that hypersensitivity reactions represent drug-specific immune responses that are largely dose independent. Here the authors describe their experiences with the development of pharmacogenetic approaches to hypersensitivity reactions associated with abacavir and nevirapine, two commonly prescribed antiretroviral drugs. It is demonstrated that prospective screening tests to identify and exclude individuals with a certain genetic makeup may be largely successful in decreasing or eliminating incidence of these adverse drug reactions in certain populations. This review also explores the broader implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise Martin
- Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, 2nd floor, North Block, Perth, 6000 Western Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypersensitivity drug reactions are but one of the many different types of adverse drug reactions. They may be potentially life-threatening, prolong hospitalization, affect drug prescribing patterns of physicians and result in socioeconomic costs. This review summarizes current knowledge on the incidence, prevalence, mortality and risk factors for these reactions in different populations. RECENT FINDINGS Hypersensitivity reactions represent about one third of all adverse drug reactions. Adverse drug reactions affect 10-20% of hospitalized patients and more than 7% of the general population. Severe reactions including anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity syndromes, Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are also associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although several risk factors have been identified, their clinical importance has not been fully understood. Future progress in immunogenetics and pharmacogenetics may help identify populations at risk for specific types of reactions. SUMMARY Well designed epidemiological studies on hypersensitivity drug reactions are lacking as most studies have been on adverse drug reactions. Such studies will be helpful in identifying patients at risk of developing such reactions, in particular severe reactions, and implementing early preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rebelo Gomes
- Allergy Department, INSERM U454 - IFR3, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of drugs are divided into immunosuppression, immunostimulation, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. The major adverse consequences of immunosuppression are infectious complications and virus-induced malignancies. Flu-like reactions, more frequent autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity reactions to unrelated allergens, and inhibition of drug-metabolising enzymes are the adverse effects related to immunostimulation. Hypersensitivity reactions are the most frequent immunotoxic effects of drugs. They include immune-mediated ('allergic') and non immune-mediated ('pseudoallergic') reactions. Drug-induced autoimmune reactions, either systemic or organ-specific, are seemingly rare. A review of drug-induced immunotoxic effects demonstrates that immunotoxicity is a significant cause of morbidity and even mortality. As immunotoxicologists have long focused on immunosuppression, the nonclinical immunotoxicity safety assessment of unexpected immunosuppression is based on a number of relatively well standardised and validated animal models and assays. However, there is no general consensus regarding the minimal requirement for this assessment. Many different assays can be used to extend the assessment case by case. Few animal models and assays have been validated for use in the nonclinical safety assessment of unexpected immunostimulation. The situation is worse regarding the prediction of hypersensitivity and autoimmune reactions. Our limited understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of immunotoxicity accounts, at least partly, for this situation. Recent guidelines for the immunotoxicity safety assessment of drugs, even though conflicting on several points, will serve as an impetus not only to refine current animal models and assays, but also to search for better alternatives. The new data generated will have to be interpreted and extended to animal species other than just rodents. Likewise, animal results will have to be compared with findings in humans. The search for immunological endpoints that can be used in several animal species and in humans will therefore become essential. Specific endpoints and clinical criteria that can be included in clinical trials to further investigate the potential for immunotoxicity of new drugs will have to be defined. Because immunotoxicity plays a key role in drug-induced adverse effects, the role of immunotoxicology in drug safety assessment is indisputable and the systematic nonclinical as well as clinical immunotoxicity assessment of every new drug is deemed essential.
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Lavergne SN, Volkman EM, Maki JE, Yoder AR, Trepanier LA. Evaluation of the clinical, immunologic, and biochemical effects of nitroso sulfamethoxazole administration to dogs: a pilot study. Toxicology 2005; 208:63-72. [PMID: 15664433 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 11/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antimicrobials such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) have been associated in humans with hypersensitivity reactions, to include fever, skin eruptions, hepatotoxicity, and blood dyscrasias. These reactions also occur in dogs, the only non-human species known to develop a similar spectrum of sulfonamide hypersensitivity. Sulfonamide hypersensitivity is not well understood, but has been hypothesized to be due to the generation of the reactive oxidative metabolite, nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO). SMX-NO, unlike the parent sulfonamide, is cytotoxic in vitro, haptenizes tissue proteins, and is immunogenic in rodents. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether SMX-NO, when administered to dogs, would lead to drug-tissue adducts, anti-drug antibodies, antioxidant depletion, or clinical evidence of drug hypersensitivity. Four dogs were randomized to one of four treatments: SMX-NO 1 mg/kg; SMX-NO 3 mg/kg; SMX-NO 10 mg/kg; or vehicle control. Dosing was by the intraperitoneal route, once daily for four consecutive days per week, for 2 weeks total, followed by a third week of observation. Following this, all dogs were challenged with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 25 mg/kg for 12 h for 2 weeks. No dog developed clinical or biochemical evidence of drug hypersensitivity. Plasma cysteine and leukocyte reduced glutathione were not depleted during dosing; however, ascorbate was significantly depleted by week 2 following SMX-NO at 10 mg/kg. Anti-SMX antibodies (IgG or IgM by ELISA) were not detected in any dogs at any time points. SMX-hemoglobin adducts were detected in the spleen in SMX-NO dosed dogs; however, these adducts were not accompanied by an immunologic or systemic response. The results of this pilot study indicate that SMX-NO dosing in dogs, using a dosing protocol shown to be immunogenic in other species, produces modest ascorbate depletion and hemoglobin adduct formation, but is insufficient to produce an immunologic response or a clinical syndrome of sulfonamide hypersensitivity in this susceptible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidonie N Lavergne
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA
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Martin AM, Nolan D, Gaudieri S, Phillips E, Mallal S. Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral therapy: genetic variation of response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2004; 5:643-55. [PMID: 15335286 DOI: 10.1517/14622416.5.6.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of a pharmacogenetic approach to antiretroviral drug therapy represents a significant challenge, as treatment involves multiple drugs and drug classes with the potential for significant variability in drug–host, as well as drug–drug, interactions. However, despite this inherent complexity, considerable gains have been made in understanding how genetic factors influence the efficacy and toxicity of HIV therapy. In this review the available evidence regarding genetic variation in drug disposition will be examined, including the potential for relatively polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450 isoforms) and drug transporters (e.g., P-glycoprotein) to influence the disposition of HIV protease inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor drugs. In addition, the role of genetic variation in determining the immune response to drug-specific antigens will be considered as a potentially significant determinant of susceptibility to idiosyncratic drug reactions (e.g., major histocompatibility complex alleles associated with abacavir hypersensitivity). The current and potential clinical utility of pharmacogenetic testing in HIV management will also be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise M Martin
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Royal Perth Hospital and Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
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Ravel G, Christ M, Horand F, Descotes J. Cytokine release does not improve the sensitivity and specificity of the direct popliteal lymph node assay. Toxicology 2004; 200:247-54. [PMID: 15212820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2003] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is being considered as a tool to predict the potential of drugs for inducing systemic autoimmune and hypersensitivity reactions. Despite the use of different technical approaches and the evaluation of over 130 compounds, the sensitivity and specificity of the PLNA are still debatable due to many false positive and negative responses. In this study, cytokine production was assessed as a possible endpoint to improve the direct (primary) PLNA. Diclofenac, imipramine, hydralazine, glafenin and minocycline were tested using the classical procedure. TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-12p70 and IL-10) were measured in the serum and in suspensions of popliteal lymph node cells of female Balb/c mice by flow cytometry 7 days after drug administration. Only diclofenac and imipramine induced a cellularity index above 5 (considered as a positive response). Of the five tested drugs, only diclofenac induced a slight increase in TH1 cytokines, but there were no effects on TH2 cytokine production whatever the drug tested. Diclofenac increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas the production of MCP-1 was increased by minocycline and decreased by imipramine. No changes in serum cytokine levels were evident. These results suggest that measuring cytokine release is unlikely to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the direct PLNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ravel
- MDS Pharma Services, Les Oncins, 69210 St. Germain sur L'Arbresle, France.
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Demoly P, Hillaire-Buys D. Classification and epidemiology of hypersensitivity drug reactions. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004; 24:345-56, v. [PMID: 15242715 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonimmune hypersensitivity reactions are unpredictable adverse drug reactions that are clinically similar to allergic reactions for which no drug-specific antibodies or T lymphocytes are identified. Few tools allow a definite diagnosis, and most of the available ones need to be validated. True epidemiologic data are limited, and most of the available information on the incidence, mortality, and socioeconomic impact should be discussed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Demoly
- Allergy Department, Maladies Respiratoires and INSERM U454 - IFR3, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Abstract
Idiosyncratic toxicity to potentiated sulfonamides occurs in both humans and dogs, with considerable clinical similarities. The syndrome in dogs can consist of fever, arthropathy, blood dyscrasias (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or hemolytic anemia), hepatopathy consisting of cholestasis or necrosis, skin eruptions, uveitis, or keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Other manifestations seen less commonly include protein-losing nephropathy, meningitis, pancreatitis, pneumonitis, or facial nerve palsy. The pathogenesis of these reactions is not completely understood, but may be due to a T-cell-mediated response to proteins haptenated by oxidative sulfonamide metabolites. Our laboratory is working on tests to characterize dogs with possible idiosyncratic sulfonamide reactions, to include ELISA for anti-drug antibodies, immunoblotting for antibodies directed against liver proteins, flow cytometry for drug-dependent anti-platelet antibodies, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The management of idiosyncratic sulfonamide toxicity involves client education to identify clinical signs early and allow rapid drug discontinuation, supportive care to include possibly ascorbate and glutathione precursors, and avoidance of subsequent re-exposure. It is important to realize that only antimicrobial sulfonamides, such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfadimethoxine, share this clinical syndrome. There is no evidence for cross-reactivity with drugs that have different underlying structures but share a sulfonamide moiety, such as acetazolamide, furosemide, glipizide, or hydrochlorthiazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Trepanier
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Martin AM, Nolan D, Gaudieri S, Almeida CA, Nolan R, James I, Carvalho F, Phillips E, Christiansen FT, Purcell AW, McCluskey J, Mallal S. Predisposition to abacavir hypersensitivity conferred by HLA-B*5701 and a haplotypic Hsp70-Hom variant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:4180-5. [PMID: 15024131 PMCID: PMC384715 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0307067101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to a clinically significant drug hypersensitivity syndrome associated with abacavir use seems to have a strong genetic component. We have previously shown that the presence of HLA-B*5701 strongly predicts abacavir hypersensitivity and have identified a potential susceptibility locus within a 300-kb region between the MEGT1 and C4A6 loci in the central MHC. We now report the results of fine recombinant genetic mapping in an expanded patient population of 248 consecutive, fully ascertained, abacavir-exposed individuals in the Western Australian HIV Cohort Study, in which 18 cases of definite abacavir hypersensitivity (7.3%) and 230 tolerant controls were identified. Haplotype mapping within patients with allelic markers of the 57.1 ancestral haplotype suggests a susceptibility locus within the 14-kb Hsp70 gene cluster. HLA-B*5701 was present in 94.4% of hypersensitive cases compared with 1.7% of controls (odds ratio, 960; P < 0.00001). A haplotypic nonsynonymous polymorphism of Hsp70-Hom (HspA1L, resulting from the substitution of residue M493T in the peptide-binding subunit) was found in combination with HLA-B*5701 in 94.4% of hypersensitive cases and 0.4% of controls (odds ratio, 3,893; P < 0.00001). Individuals with abacavir hypersensitivity demonstrated increased monocyte tumor necrosis factor expression in response to ex vivo abacavir stimulation, which was abrogated with CD8(+) T cell depletion. These data indicate that the concurrence of HLA-B*5701 and Hsp70-Hom M493T alleles is necessary for the development of abacavir hypersensitivity, which is likely to be mediated by an HLA-B*5701-restricted immune response to abacavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise M Martin
- Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Murdoch University, Second Floor, North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth 6000, Australia
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