|
1
|
Ai X, Wang D, Noh I, Duan Y, Zhou Z, Mukundan N, Fang RH, Gao W, Zhang L. Glycan-modified cellular nanosponges for enhanced neutralization of botulinum toxin. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122330. [PMID: 37742508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a potent neurotoxin that poses a significant threat as a biowarfare weapon and a potential bioterrorist tool. Currently, there is a lack of effective countermeasures to combat BoNT intoxication in the event of a biological attack. Here, we report on a novel solution by combining cell metabolic engineering with cell membrane coating nanotechnology, resulting in the development of glycan-modified cellular nanosponges that serve as a biomimetic and broad-spectrum BoNT detoxification strategy. Specifically, we increase the expression levels of gangliosides on THP-1 cells through metabolic engineering, and then collect the modified THP-1 cell membrane and coat it onto synthetic polymeric cores, creating cellular nanosponges that closely mimic host cells. Our findings demonstrate that higher levels of gangliosides on the cellular nanosponges result in greater binding capacities with BoNT. The glycan-modified cellular nanosponges exhibit superior efficacy in neutralizing BoNT cytotoxicity in vitro when compared to their unmodified counterparts. In a mouse model of BoNT intoxication, the glycan-modified cellular nanosponges show more pronounced survival benefits when administered both as a treatment and a preventative regimen. These results highlight the potential of cellular nanosponges, especially when modified with glycans, as a promising countermeasure platform against BoNT and related clostridial toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhao Ai
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ilkoo Noh
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yaou Duan
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nilesh Mukundan
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Pohanka M. Immunosensors for Assay of Toxic Biological Warfare Agents. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:402. [PMID: 36979614 PMCID: PMC10046508 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An immunosensor for the assay of toxic biological warfare agents is a biosensor suitable for detecting hazardous substances such as aflatoxin, botulinum toxin, ricin, Shiga toxin, and others. The application of immunosensors is used in outdoor assays, point-of-care tests, as a spare method for more expensive devices, and even in the laboratory as a standard analytical method. Some immunosensors, such as automated flow-through analyzers or lateral flow tests, have been successfully commercialized as tools for toxins assay, but the research is ongoing. New devices are being developed, and the use of advanced materials and assay techniques make immunosensors highly competitive analytical devices in the field of toxic biological warfare agents assay. This review summarizes facts about current applications and new trends of immunosensors regarding recent papers in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|