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Trencsényi G, Enyedi KN, Mező G, Halmos G, Képes Z. NGR-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Angiogenesis Imaging: A Preclinical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12675. [PMID: 37628856 PMCID: PMC10454655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumour progression and metastatic spread; therefore, the development of specific vectors targeting angiogenesis has attracted the attention of several researchers. Since angiogenesis-associated aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is highly expressed on the surface of activated endothelial cells of new blood vessels and a wide range of tumour cells, it holds great promise for imaging and therapy in the field of cancer medicine. The selective binding capability of asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) motif containing molecules to APN/CD13 makes radiolabelled NGR peptides promising radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive, real-time imaging of APN/CD13 overexpressing malignancies at the molecular level. Preclinical small animal model systems are major keystones for the evaluation of the in vivo imaging behaviour of radiolabelled NGR derivatives. Based on existing literature data, several positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radioisotopes have been applied so far for the labelling of tumour vasculature homing NGR sequences such as Gallium-68 (68Ga), Copper-64 (64Cu), Technetium-99m (99mTc), Lutetium-177 (177Lu), Rhenium-188 (188Re), or Bismuth-213 (213Bi). Herein, a comprehensive overview is provided of the recent preclinical experiences with radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Kata Nóra Enyedi
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.E.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.E.); (G.M.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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2
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Qiu C, Xia F, Zhang J, Shi Q, Meng Y, Wang C, Pang H, Gu L, Xu C, Guo Q, Wang J. Advanced Strategies for Overcoming Endosomal/Lysosomal Barrier in Nanodrug Delivery. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0148. [PMID: 37250954 PMCID: PMC10208951 DOI: 10.34133/research.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have therapeutic potential to facilitate drug delivery, including biological agents, small-molecule drugs, and nucleic acids. However, their efficiency is limited by several factors; among which, endosomal/lysosomal degradation after endocytosis is the most important. This review summarizes advanced strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers to efficient nanodrug delivery based on the perspective of cellular uptake and intracellular transport mechanisms. These strategies include promoting endosomal/lysosomal escape, using non-endocytic methods of delivery to directly cross the cell membrane to evade endosomes/lysosomes and making a detour pathway to evade endosomes/lysosomes. On the basis of the findings of this review, we proposed several promising strategies for overcoming endosomal/lysosomal barriers through the smarter and more efficient design of nanodrug delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junzhe Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiaoli Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuqing Meng
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liwei Gu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chengchao Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qiuyan Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,
China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Nephrology, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, China
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3
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Najmi A, Wang S, Huang Y, Seefeldt T, Alqahtani Y, Guan X. 2-(2-Cholesteroxyethoxyl)ethyl-3′-S-glutathionylpropionate (COXP) for brain-targeting liposomes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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4
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Taghipour YD, Zarebkohan A, Salehi R, Rahimi F, Torchilin VP, Hamblin MR, Seifalian A. An update on dual targeting strategy for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2022; 349:67-96. [PMID: 35779656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The key issue in the treatment of solid tumors is the lack of efficient strategies for the targeted delivery and accumulation of therapeutic cargoes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Targeting approaches are designed for more efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing drug toxicity to normal cells and off-targeting effects, while maximizing the eradication of cancer cells. The highly complicated interrelationship between the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and the physiological and pathological barriers that are required to cross, dictates the need for the success of targeting strategies. Dual targeting is an approach that uses both purely biological strategies and physicochemical responsive smart delivery strategies to increase the accumulation of nanoparticles within the TME and improve targeting efficiency towards cancer cells. In both approaches, either one single ligand is used for targeting a single receptor on different cells, or two different ligands for targeting two different receptors on the same or different cells. Smart delivery strategies are able to respond to triggers that are typical of specific disease sites, such as pH, certain specific enzymes, or redox conditions. These strategies are expected to lead to more precise targeting and better accumulation of nano-therapeutics. This review describes the classification and principles of dual targeting approaches and critically reviews the efficiency of dual targeting strategies, and the rationale behind the choice of ligands. We focus on new approaches for smart drug delivery in which synthetic and/or biological moieties are attached to nanoparticles by TME-specific responsive linkers and advanced camouflaged nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Rahimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine and Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target genes and molecular pathways in glioblastoma therapy: Current status with an emphasis on delivery systems. Life Sci 2021; 275:119368. [PMID: 33741417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the worst brain tumors arising from glial cells, causing many deaths annually. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy are used for GBM treatment. However, GBM is still an incurable disease, and new approaches are required for its successful treatment. Because mutations and amplifications occurring in several genes are responsible for the progression and aggressive behavior of GBM cells, genetic approaches are of great importance in its treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new emerging tool to silence the genes responsible for disease progression, particularly cancer. SiRNA can be used for GBM treatment by down-regulating genes such as VEGF, STAT3, ELTD1 or EGFR. Furthermore, the use of siRNA can promote the chemosensitivity of GBM cells. However, the efficiency of siRNA in GBM is limited via its degradation by enzymes, and its off-targeting effects. SiRNA-loaded carriers, especially nanovehicles that are ligand-functionalized by CXCR4 or angiopep-2, can be used for the protection and targeted delivery of siRNA. Nanostructures can provide a platform for co-delivery of siRNA plus anti-tumor drugs as another benefit. The prepared nanovehicles should be stable and biocompatible in order to be tested in human studies.
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6
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Zhao D, Huang X, Zhang Z, Ding J, Cui Y, Chen X. Engineered nanomedicines for tumor vasculature blockade therapy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1691. [PMID: 33480163 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature blockade therapy (TVBT), including angiogenesis inhibition, vascular disruption, and vascular infarction, provides a promising treatment modality for solid tumors. However, low selectivity, drug resistance, and possible severe side effects have limited the clinical transformation of TVBT. Engineered nanoparticles offer potential solutions, including prolonged circulation time, targeted transportation, and controlled release of TVBT agents. Moreover, engineered nanomedicines provide a promising combination platform of TVBT with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, ultrasound therapy, and gene therapy. In this article, we offer a comprehensive summary of the current progress of engineered nanomedicines for TVBT and also discuss current deficiencies and future directions for TVBT development. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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7
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Mukherjee A, Madamsetty VS, Paul MK, Mukherjee S. Recent Advancements of Nanomedicine towards Antiangiogenic Therapy in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E455. [PMID: 31936832 PMCID: PMC7013812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process of generation of de-novo blood vessels from already existing vasculature. It has a crucial role in different physiological process including wound healing, embryonic development, and tumor growth. The methods by which therapeutic drugs inhibit tumor angiogenesis are termed as anti-angiogenesis cancer therapy. Developments of angiogenic inhibiting drugs have various limitations causing a barrier for successful treatment of cancer, where angiogenesis plays an important role. In this context, investigators developed novel strategies using nanotechnological approaches that have demonstrated inherent antiangiogenic properties or used for the delivery of antiangiogenic agents in a targeted manner. In this present article, we decisively highlight the recent developments of various nanoparticles (NPs) including liposomes, lipid NPs, protein NPs, polymer NPs, inorganic NPs, viral and bio-inspired NPs for potential application in antiangiogenic cancer therapy. Additionally, the clinical perspectives, challenges of nanomedicine, and future perspectives are briefly analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Mukherjee
- Aavishkar Oral Strips Pvt Ltd., 109/3, IDA, Phase 2, Sector 2, Lane 6, Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India;
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Manash K. Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Factor Bldg. 10-240, 621 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Abstract
Gene therapy as a strategy for disease treatment requires safe and efficient gene delivery systems that encapsulate nucleic acids and deliver them to effective sites in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Beijing
- China
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9
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Rip J. Liposome technologies and drug delivery to the CNS. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:53-58. [PMID: 27986225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain and nervous system disorders represent a large unmet medical need. Central nervous system drug development is hampered by the restricted transport of drugs across the blood-brain barrier. Different strategies to deliver drugs to the brain have been developed. We discuss the current status of development of liposomal drug delivery to the brain. There is a growing interest in targeted delivery of liposomes to the brain and much progress has been made towards successful development of novel treatments for patients with devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Rip
- Eyesiu Medicines BV, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333CH Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Vieira DB, Gamarra LF. Getting into the brain: liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5381-5414. [PMID: 27799765 PMCID: PMC5077137 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes articles that have been reported in literature on liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, liposomes have been widely investigated for their application in drug delivery and in vivo bioimaging for the treatment and/or diagnosis of neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, stroke, and glioma. Several strategies have been used to deliver drug and/or imaging agents to the brain. Covalent ligation of such macromolecules as peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers is an effective method for receptor-targeting liposomes, which allows their blood–brain barrier penetration and/or the delivery of their therapeutic molecule specifically to the disease site. Additionally, methods have been employed for the development of liposomes that can respond to external stimuli. It can be concluded that the development of liposomes for brain delivery is still in its infancy, although these systems have the potential to revolutionize the ways in which medicine is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel F Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Zhao M, Yang W, Zhang M, Li G, Wang S, Wang Z, Ma X, Kang F, Wang J. Evaluation of 68Ga-labeled iNGR peptide with tumor-penetrating motif for microPET imaging of CD13-positive tumor xenografts. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12123-12131. [PMID: 27220318 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of 68Ga-labeled iNGR, containing Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) homing sequence and CendR (R/KXXR/K) penetrating motif, as a new molecular probe for microPET imaging of CD13-positive xenografts. The synthesized iNGR and NGR peptides were conjugated with DOTA and then labeled with 68Ga. 68Ga-iNGR and 68Ga-NGR were compared in the performance of the in vitro stability, partition coefficient, binding affinity, cell uptake analysis, in vivo microPET imaging, and biodistribution studies in CD13-positive HT-1080 and CD13-negative HT-29 cell lines. The in vitro results revealed that both probes exhibited high radiochemical purity and stability, and no significant difference between two probes was observed in terms of the binding affinity to CD13. In vivo microPET/CT imaging showed that the uptake of 68Ga-iNGR in HT-1080 tumor was significantly higher than that of 68Ga-NGR. Moreover, tumor 68Ga-iNGR uptake could be completely blocked by cold NGR and partially blocked by neutralizing NRP-1 antibody. We concluded that 68Ga-iNGR has a higher tumor uptake and better tumor retention than 68Ga-NGR through NRP-1, indicating that CendR motif modification is a promising method for improving NGR peptide performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kunming General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, No. 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guoquan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No.127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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12
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Yaroslavov A, Sybachin A, Zaborova O, Zezin A, Talmon Y, Ballauff M, Menger F. Multi-liposomal containers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 226:54-64. [PMID: 26372095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Small unilamellar liposomes, 40-60 nm in diameter, composed of anionic diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin, CL(2-)) or phosphatidylcerine (PS(1-)) and zwitter-ionic egg yolk lecithin (EL) or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), electrostatically complex with polystyrene microspheres, ca. 100 nm in diameter, grafted by polycationic chains ("spherical polycationic brushes", SPBs). Polymer/liposome binding studies were carried out using electrophoretic mobility (EPM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence, conductometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) as the main analytical tools. By these means a remarkably detailed picture emerges of molecular events inside a membrane. The following are among the most important conclusions that arose from the experiments: (a) binding of liposomes to SPBs is accompanied by flip-flop of anionic lipids from the inner to the outer leaflet of the liposomal membrane along with lateral lipid segregation into "islands". (b) The SPB-induced structural reorganization of the liposomal membrane, together with the geometry of anionic lipid molecules, determines the maximum molar fraction of anionic lipid (a key parameter designated as ν) that ensures the structural integrity of liposomes upon complexation: ν=0.3 for liposomes with conically-shaped CL(2-) and ν=0.5 for liposomes with anionic cylindrically-shaped PS(1-). (c) The number of intact liposomes per SPB particle varies from 40 for (ν=0.1) to 13 (ν=0.5). (d) By using a mixture of liposomes with variety of encapsulated substances, multi-liposomal complexes can be prepared with a high loading capacity and a controlled ratio of the contents. (e) In order to make the mixed anionic liposomes pH-sensitive, they are additionally modified by 30 mol% of a morpholinocyclohexanol-based lipid that undergoes a conformational flip when changing pH. Being complexed with SPBs, such liposomes rapidly release their contents when the pH is reduced from 7.0 to 5.0. The results allow loaded liposomes to be concentrated within a rather small volume and, thereby, the preparation of multi-liposomal containers of promise in the drug delivery field.
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13
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Hendricks BK, Cohen-Gadol AA, Miller JC. Novel delivery methods bypassing the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E10. [PMID: 25727219 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.focus14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and carries a grave prognosis. Despite years of research investigating potentially new therapies for GBM, the median survival rate of individuals with this disease has remained fairly stagnant. Delivery of drugs to the tumor site is hampered by various barriers posed by the GBM pathological process and by the complex physiology of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. These anatomical and physiological barriers serve as a natural protection for the brain and preserve brain homeostasis, but they also have significantly limited the reach of intraparenchymal treatments in patients with GBM. In this article, the authors review the functional capabilities of the physical and physiological barriers that impede chemotherapy for GBM, with a specific focus on the pathological alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in this disease. They also provide an overview of current and future methods for circumventing these barriers in therapeutic interventions. Although ongoing research has yielded some potential options for future GBM therapies, delivery of chemotherapy medications across the BBB remains elusive and has limited the efficacy of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K Hendricks
- Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indiana University Department of Neurological Surgery; and
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14
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Singh Y, Tomar S, Khan S, Meher JG, Pawar VK, Raval K, Sharma K, Singh PK, Chaurasia M, Surendar Reddy B, Chourasia MK. Bridging small interfering RNA with giant therapeutic outcomes using nanometric liposomes. J Control Release 2015; 220:368-387. [PMID: 26528900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The scope of RNAi based therapeutics is unquestionable. However, if we dissect the current trend of clinical trials for afore mentioned drug class, some stark trends appear: 1) naked siRNA only exerts influence in topical mode whilst systemic delivery requires a carrier and 2) even after two decades of extensive efforts, not even a single siRNA containing product is commercially available. It was therefore felt that a perspective simplifying the unique intricacies of working with a merger of siRNA and liposomes from a pharmaceutical viewpoint could draw the attention of a wider array of interested researchers. We begin from the beginning and attempt to conduit the gap between theoretical logic and experimental/actual constraints. This, in turn could stimulate the next generation of investigators, gearing them to tackle the conundrum, which is siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sandeep Tomar
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shariq Khan
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jaya Gopal Meher
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vivek K Pawar
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kavit Raval
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Komal Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohini Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow, UP 226028, India
| | - B Surendar Reddy
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Anticancer effects of adenovirus-mediated calreticulin and melanoma-associated antigen 3 expression on non-small cell lung cancer cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:416-24. [PMID: 25704851 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly prevalent and needs novel therapies. Melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGE-A3) is a lung cancer antigen and calreticulin (CALR) can modulate immune responses. Our previous study has shown that up-regulated MAGE-A3 and CALR expression inhibits the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In this study, we examined the effect of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated MAGE-A3 and/or CALR expression on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of human NSCLC cells and on the vascular tube formation of human endothelial cells as well as on dendritic cell (DC) activation and induced CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity in vitro. We found that low levels of CALR and MAGE-A3 were expressed by A549 cells, but only very low CALR was expressed by DC. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression by infection with Ad-CALR/MAGE-A3 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion, but promoted the apoptosis of A549 cells. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression significantly inhibited cyclin D1 expression and the AKT, ERK1/2 and NF-κB expression and phosphorylation in A549 cells. Up-regulated CALR expression inhibited the tube formation in human endothelial cells. Up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression synergistically enhanced classical DC activation by enhancing IL-12, but reducing IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, CTLs induced by up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expressing DCs synergistically triggered A549 cell apoptosis, which was abrogated by treatment with anti-HLA I, but not anti-HLA II antibodies. Moreover, CTLs induced by CALR and MAGE-A3-expressing DCs had a higher frequency of A549-specific IFN-γ-secreting T cells. Our data indicated that up-regulated CALR and MAGE-A3 expression inhibited the carcinogenesis of NSCLC by modulating the AKT, ERK MAPK and NF-κB signaling and enhanced classical DC activation and MAGE-A3-specific CTL cytotoxicity. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights in understanding the role of CALR in modulating antigen-specific T cell immunity and may aid in the design of new therapies for NSCLC.
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