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Intraocular lenses as drug delivery devices. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120613. [PMID: 33865952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cataract surgery is one of the most common and safe surgical procedures nowadays. However, it is not free of risks as endophthalmitis, ocular inflammation and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) can appear as post-surgery complications. The usual eye drop therapy used as prophylaxis for the former two complications has limited bioavailability. In turn, the prevention of PCO involves an adequate surgical technique and a careful choice of intraocular lens (IOL) design and material. Also, different drugs have been tested to reduce incidence of PCO, but no prophylaxis demonstrated to be completely effective. In the past few years, IOLs have been proposed as drug delivery devices to replace or/assist the usual eye drop therapy in the post-operatory period. The great advantage of drug loaded IOLs would be to ensure a continuous drug delivery, independent of patient's compliance without requiring any further action besides IOL implantation. The biggest challenge of drug loaded IOLs production is to achieve a controlled and extended release that meet therapeutic needs without inducing toxicity to the surrounding ocular tissues or affecting the physical properties of the lens. This review starts by addressing the possible complications after cataract surgery, as well as the most commonly adopted prophylaxis for each of them. The various types of IOLs are described and their main advantages/disadvantages are discussed. The different strategies pursued to incorporate drugs into the IOLs and control their release, which include soaking the IOL in the drugs solution, supercritical impregnation, surface modifications, and attachment of drug reservoirs to the IOL, among others, are reported. For each strategy, a summary of the publications is presented, which includes the target complication, the types and amounts of released drugs and the IOL materials. A brief description of each individual study is given afterwards. Optimization of drug loaded IOLs through mathematical modelling and possible issues raised by their sterilization are also tackled. At the end, the future commercialization of drug loaded IOLs is commented.
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Franco P, De Marco I. Contact Lenses as Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1102. [PMID: 33808363 PMCID: PMC8037676 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic drugs used for the treatment of various ocular diseases are commonly administered by eye drops. However, due to anatomical and physiological factors, there is a low bioavailability of the active principle. In order to increase the drug residence time on the cornea to adequate levels, therapeutic contact lenses have recently been proposed. The polymeric support that constitutes the contact lens is loaded with the drug; in this way, there is a direct and effective pharmacological action on the target organ, promoting a prolonged release of the active principle. The incorporation of ophthalmic drugs into contact lenses can be performed by different techniques; nowadays, the soaking method is mainly employed. To improve the therapeutic performance of drug-loaded contact lenses, innovative methods have recently been proposed, including the impregnation with supercritical carbon dioxide. This updated review of therapeutic contact lenses production and application provides useful information on the most effective preparation methodologies, recent achievements and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Franco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Mylona I, Tsinopoulos I. A Critical Appraisal of New Developments in Intraocular Lens Modifications and Drug Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Cataract Surgery Complications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E448. [PMID: 33302370 PMCID: PMC7762578 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataract surgery is the commonest ophthalmic surgery worldwide. The replacement of the diseased lens with a synthetic one (intraocular lens-IOL) remains the treatment of choice, despite its potential complications that include infection, inflammation and posterior capsule opacification. The potential for drug delivery via the IOL has been researched extensively over a period of twenty-five years, yet there is very limited progress in transferring the findings from research to everyday practice. The objective of this review is to assess the progress made in the field of IOL lens modifications and drug delivery systems over the past five years. Thirty-six studies that were conducted during the past five years were identified and deemed suitable for inclusion. They were grouped in three broad categories, studies that described new methods for loading a drug onto the IOL, assessment of the effects of drugs that were loaded to the IOL and studies that assessed the effects of non-pharmaceutical modifications of IOLs. While considerable progress is continually being made with regard to methods and materials, there is still little capitalization upon these research studies, with no commercially available IOL-based drug delivery system being available. Close cooperation between researchers in basic sciences (chemistry, physics, materials science and pharmacy), clinical researchers, IOL manufacturers and the pharmaceutical industry is an important prerequisite for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Mylona
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Johnson KA, Muzzin N, Toufanian S, Slick RA, Lawlor MW, Seifried B, Moquin P, Latulippe D, Hoare T. Drug-impregnated, pressurized gas expanded liquid-processed alginate hydrogel scaffolds for accelerated burn wound healing. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:101-111. [PMID: 32522716 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While the benefits of both hydrogels and drug delivery to enhance wound healing have been demonstrated, the highly hydrophilic nature of hydrogels creates challenges with respect to the effective loading and delivery of hydrophobic drugs beneficial to wound healing. Herein, we utilize pressurized gas expanded liquid (PGX) technology to produce very high surface area (~200 m2/g) alginate scaffolds and describe a method for loading the scaffolds with ibuprofen (via adsorptive precipitation) and crosslinking them (via calcium chelation) to create a hydrogel suitable for wound treatment and hydrophobic drug delivery. The high surface area of the PGX-processed alginate scaffold facilitates >8 wt% loading of ibuprofen into the scaffold and controlled in vitro ibuprofen release over 12-24 h. In vivo burn wound healing assays demonstrate significantly accelerated healing with ibuprofen-loaded PGX-alginate/calcium scaffolds relative to both hydrogel-only and untreated controls, demonstrating the combined benefits of ibuprofen delivery to suppress inflammation as well as the capacity of the PGX-alginate/calcium hydrogel to maintain wound hydration and facilitate continuous calcium release to the wound. The use of PGX technology to produce highly porous scaffolds with increased surface areas, followed by adsorptive precipitation of a hydrophobic drug onto the scaffolds, offers a highly scalable method of creating medicated wound dressings with high drug loadings. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While medicated hydrogel-based wound dressings offer clear advantages in accelerating wound healing, the inherent incompatibility between conventional hydrogels and many poorly water-soluble drugs of relevance in wound healing remains a challenge. Herein, we leveraged supercritical fluids-based strategies to both process and subsequently impregnate alginate, followed by post-crosslinking to form a hydrogel, to create a very high surface area alginate hydrogel scaffold loaded with high hydrophobic drug contents (here, >8 wt% ibuprofen) without the need for any pore-forming additives. The impregnated scaffolds significantly accelerated burn wound healing while also promoting regeneration of the native skin morphology. We anticipate this approach can be leveraged to load clinically-relevant and highly bioavailable dosages of hydrophobic drugs in hydrogels for a broad range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli-Anne Johnson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicola Muzzin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samaneh Toufanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Slick
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Paul Moquin
- Ceapro, Inc., 7824-51 Avenue NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Latulippe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Ongkasin K, Masmoudi Y, Tassaing T, Le-Bourdon G, Badens E. Supercritical loading of gatifloxacin into hydrophobic foldable intraocular lenses – Process control and optimization by following in situ CO2 sorption and polymer swelling. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Supercritical fluid technology for the development of innovative ophthalmic medical devices: Drug loaded intraocular lenses to mitigate posterior capsule opacification. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:248-256. [PMID: 32112896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical impregnation technology was applied to load acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with methotrexate to produce a sustained drug delivery device to mitigate posterior capsule opacification. Drug release kinetics were studied in vitro and used to determine the drug loading. Loaded IOLs and control IOLs treated under the same operating conditions, but without drug, were implanted ex vivo in human donor capsular bags. The typical cell growth was observed and immunofluorescence staining of three common fibrosis markers, fibronectin, F-actin and α-smooth muscle actin was carried out. Transparent IOLs presenting a sustained release of methotrexate for more than 80 days were produced. Drug loading varying between 0.43 and 0.75 ± 0.03 µgdrug·mg-1IOL were obtained when varying the supercritical impregnation pressure (8 and 25 MPa) and duration (30 and 240 min) at 308 K. The use of ethanol (5 mol%) as a co-solvent did not influence the impregnation efficiency and was even unfavorable at certain conditions. Even if the implantation of methotrexate loaded IOLs did not lead to a statistically significant variation in the duration required for a full cell coverage of the posterior capsule in the human capsular bag model, it was shown to reduce fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. The innovative application presented has the potential to gain clinical relevance.
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Kassumeh SA, Wertheimer CM, von Studnitz A, Hillenmayer A, Priglinger C, Wolf A, Mayer WJ, Teupser D, Holdt LM, Priglinger SG, Eibl-Lindner KH. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid as a Slow-Release Drug-Carrying Matrix for Methotrexate Coated onto Intraocular Lenses to Conquer Posterior Capsule Opacification. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:702-708. [PMID: 29451997 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1437455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) still represents the main long-term complication of cataract surgery. Research into pharmacologic PCO prophylaxis is extensive. One promising candidate drug is methotrexate (MTX). Our aim is to determine the in vitro feasibility of MTX-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) biomatrices sprayed on intraocular lenses (IOLs) as a drug-delivery implant. METHODS Hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic IOLs were spray-coated with MTX-loaded PLGA. Unsprayed, solvent only, and solvent-PLGA-sprayed IOLs served as controls. All IOLs were evaluated for their growth-inhibiting properties in an in vitro anterior segment model and the ex vivo human capsular bag. The release kinetics of MTX from the IOLs was determined. The toxicity of MTX on corneal endothelial cells was evaluated by using a dye reduction colorimetric assay. MTX was also used in a scratch assay. RESULTS MTX-PLGA-IOL showed a significant difference in cell proliferation and migration compared with all controls in the anterior segment model (p < 0.001) and in the human capsular bag model (p = 0.04). No difference in viability was observed on corneal endothelial cells (p = 0.43; p = 0.61). MTX significantly inhibited cells in the scratch assay (p = 0.02). At all measured points, the released MTX dose remained above EC50 and below the toxic dose for the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS In view of the strong inhibition of PCO in vitro with the lack of toxic effects on a corneal cell line, MTX encapsulating microspheres seem to be a promising method for modifying IOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Kassumeh
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | | | - Annabel von Studnitz
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Anna Hillenmayer
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Claudia Priglinger
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Armin Wolf
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Mayer
- a Department of ophthalmology , Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- b Institute of Laboratory Medicine , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Lesca M Holdt
- b Institute of Laboratory Medicine , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
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Kankala RK, Zhang YS, Wang SB, Lee CH, Chen AZ. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Emphasis on Drug Delivery and Related Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700433. [PMID: 28752598 PMCID: PMC5849475 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, supercritical fluid (SCF) has emerged as an effective alternative for many traditional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. Operating active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) alone or in combination with various biodegradable polymeric carriers in high-pressure conditions provides enhanced features with respect to their physical properties such as bioavailability enhancement, is of relevance to the application of SCF in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, recent advances in drug delivery systems manufactured using the SCF technology are reviewed. We provide a brief description of the history, principle, and various preparation methods involved in the SCF technology. Next, we aim to give a brief overview, which provides an emphasis and discussion of recent reports using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) for fabrication of polymeric carriers, for applications in areas related to drug delivery, tissue engineering, bio-imaging, and other biomedical applications. We finally summarize with perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 97401, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Bouledjouidja A, Masmoudi Y, Sergent M, Trivedi V, Meniai A, Badens E. Drug loading of foldable commercial intraocular lenses using supercritical impregnation. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:85-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ketoprofen-eluting biodegradable ureteral stents by CO2 impregnation: In vitro study. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:651-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Supercritical impregnation and kinetic release of 2-nonanone in LLDPE films used for active food packaging. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Drug loading of polymer implants by supercritical CO 2 assisted impregnation: A review. J Control Release 2015; 209:248-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Various strategies for ocular drug delivery are considered; from basic formulation techniques for improving availability of drugs; viscosity enhancers and mucoadhesives aid drug retention and penetration enhancers promote drug transport into the eye. The use of drug-loaded contact lenses and ocular inserts allows drugs to be better placed where they are needed for more direct delivery. Developments in ocular implants gives a means to overcome the physical barriers that traditionally prevented effective treatment. Implant technologies are under development allowing long-term drug delivery from a single procedure, these devices allow posterior chamber diseases to be effectively treated. Future developments could bring artificial corneas to eliminate the need for donor tissue and one-off implantable drug depots lasting the patient's lifetime.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the development and use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) as drug delivery systems and to review the current literature on their application and efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS Many drugs have been loaded onto IOLs by coating or by attachment in a separate reservoir. With incorporation of polymeric materials either as a coating or by attachment as a separate reservoir, it is possible to achieve a sustained and controlled release of drugs. Experimental evidence in animal models has shown that IOL drug delivery systems are effective in the prevention and treatment of inflammation, infection and posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery. SUMMARY The use of IOLs as drug delivery reservoirs appears to show great promise. Although excellent results with therapeutic potential have been reported in experimental animal studies, further studies are needed to reach clinical use.
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González-Chomón C, Braga ME, de Sousa HC, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Antifouling foldable acrylic IOLs loaded with norfloxacin by aqueous soaking and by supercritical carbon dioxide technology. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:383-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Sousa HC, Costa MS, Coimbra P, Matias AA, Duarte CM. Experimental determination and correlation of meloxicam sodium salt solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Subra-Paternault P, Vrel D, Roy C. Coprecipitation on slurry to prepare drug–silica-polymer formulations by compressed antisolvent. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Drug-Eluting Intraocular Lenses. MATERIALS 2011; 4:1927-1940. [PMID: 28824115 PMCID: PMC5448846 DOI: 10.3390/ma4111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Notable advances in materials science and in surgical techniques make the management of cataract by replacement of the opaque crystalline with an intraocular lens (IOL), one of the most cost-effective interventions in current healthcare. The usefulness and safety of IOLs can be enhanced if they are endowed with the ability to load and to sustain drug release in the implantation site. Drug-eluting IOLs can prevent infections and untoward reactions of eye tissues (which lead to opacification) and also can act as drug depots for treatment of several other ocular pathologies. Such a myriad of therapeutic possibilities has prompted the design of drug-IOL combination products. Several approaches are under study, namely combination of the IOL with an insert in a single device, soaking in drug solutions, impregnation using supercritical fluids, coating with drug/polymer layers, and covalent grafting of the drug. The advantages/limitations of each technique are discussed in the present review on selected examples. Although more in vivo data are required, the information already available proves the interest of some approaches in ocular therapeutics.
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Effects of operational conditions on the supercritical solvent impregnation of acetazolamide in Balafilcon A commercial contact lenses. Int J Pharm 2011; 420:231-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Preliminary evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of PMMA-co-EHA bone cement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yañez F, Martikainen L, Braga MEM, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Duarte CMM, Gil MH, de Sousa HC. Supercritical fluid-assisted preparation of imprinted contact lenses for drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1019-30. [PMID: 20934541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop an innovative supercritical fluid (SCF)-assisted molecular imprinting method to endow commercial soft contact lenses (SCLs) with the ability to load specific drugs and to control their release. This approach seeks to overcome the limitation of the common loading of preformed SCLs by immersion in concentrated drug solutions (only valid for highly water soluble drugs) and of the molecular imprinting methods that require choice of the drug before polymerization and thus to create drug-tailored networks. In particular, we focused on improving the flurbiprofen load/release capacity of daily wear Hilafilcon B commercial SCLs by the use of sequential SCF flurbiprofen impregnation and extraction steps. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) impregnation assays were performed at 12.0 MPa and 40 °C, while scCO2 extractions were performed at 20.0 MPa and 40 °C. Conventional flurbiprofen sorption and drug removal experiments in aqueous solutions were carried out for comparison purposes. SCF-processed SCLs showed a recognition ability and a higher affinity for flurbiprofen in aqueous solution than for the structurally related ibuprofen and dexamethasone, which suggests the creation of molecularly imprinted cavities driven by both physical (swelling/plasticization) and chemical (carbonyl groups in the network with the C-F group in the drug) interactions. Processing with scCO2 did not alter some of the critical functional properties of SCLs (glass transition temperature, transmittance, oxygen permeability, contact angle), enabled the control of drug loaded/released amounts (by the application of several consecutive processing cycles) and permitted the preparation of hydrophobic drug-based therapeutic SCLs in much shorter process times than those using conventional aqueous-based molecular imprinting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Yañez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Costa VP, Braga ME, Guerra JP, Duarte AR, Duarte CM, Leite EO, Gil MH, de Sousa HC. Development of therapeutic contact lenses using a supercritical solvent impregnation method. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Morarescu D, West-Mays JA, Sheardown HD. Effect of delivery of MMP inhibitors from PDMS as a model IOL material on PCO markers. Biomaterials 2010; 31:2399-407. [PMID: 20022368 PMCID: PMC2972668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) or secondary cataract formation, following intraocular lens implantation, is a significant complication affecting an estimated 28% of cataract patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been demonstrated to play a role in the formation of anterior subcapsular cataracts and it has been shown that the presence of MMP inhibitors (MMPI) decreases subcapsular cataract formation ex vivo. Since the mechanisms responsible for anterior subcapsular cataract formation and posterior capsule opacification are similar, it is reasonable to suggest that MMP inhibitors may also mitigate PCO. One of the most effective ways of delivering the inhibitors may be from the implanted intraocular lens (IOL) material itself. In the current work, delivery of three different MMP inhibitors from silicone rubber as a model IOL material was examined. Loading methods were developed which allowed continuous release of active MMPI for periods of over 5 months in some cases. Reduced migration rates were observed in human lens epithelial cells in vitro, suggesting that an effect on PCO may be possible. While further studies are necessary to tune the systems to achieve the desired rates of release, this work demonstrates that delivery of MMPI from silicone IOL materials has the potential to decrease the incidence of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morarescu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Judy A. West-Mays
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Heather D. Sheardown
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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López-Periago AM, Fraile J, García-González CA, Domingo C. Impregnation of a triphenylpyrylium cation into zeolite cavities using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2009.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duarte ARC, Mano JF, Reis RL. Preparation of chitosan scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for tissue engineering applications using supercritical fluid technology. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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