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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang M, Wang Q, Chen B, Hou Y, Lu K. Ferumoxytol and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2395 synergistically enhance antitumor activity of macrophages against NSCLC with EGFR L858R/T790M mutation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4503-4515. [PMID: 31417255 PMCID: PMC6599896 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Drug resistance is a major challenge for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment of lung cancer. Ferumoxytol (FMT) drives macrophage (MΦ) transformation towards a M1-like phenotype and thereby inhibits tumor growth. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2395 (CpG), a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, is an effective therapeutic agent to induce anticancer immune responses. Herein, the effect of co-administered FMT and CpG on MΦ activation for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was explored. Methods: The mRNA expression levels of M1-like genes in RAW 264.7 MΦ cells stimulated by FMT, CpG and FMT and CpG (FMT/CpG) were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, the effects of FMT/CpG-pretreated MΦ supernatant on apoptosis and proliferation of H1975 cells were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of EGFR and its downstream signaling pathway in H1975 cells were explored by western blotting. Finally, a H1975 cell xenograft mouse model was used to study the anti-tumor effect of the combination of FMT and CpG in vivo. Results: FMT and CpG synergistically enhanced M1-like gene expression in MΦ, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). FMT/CpG-pretreated MΦ supernatant inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of H1975 cells, accompanied by down-regulation of cell cycle-associated proteins and up-regulation of apoptosis-related proteins. Further studies indicated that the FMT/CpG-pretreated MΦ supernatant suppressed p-EGFR and its downstream AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in H1975 cells. Furthermore, FMT/CpG suppressed tumor growth in mice accompanied by a decline in the EGFR-positive tumor cell fraction and increased M1 phenotype macrophage infiltration. Conclusion: FMT acted synergistically with CpG to activate MΦ for suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis of NSCLC cells via EGFR signaling. Thus, combining FMT and CpG is an effective strategy for the treatment of NSCLC with EGFRL858R/T790M mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People's Republic of China
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Noukeu LC, Wolf J, Yuan B, Banerjee S, Nguyen KT. Nanoparticles for Detection and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800644. [PMID: 29952061 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is defined as a slow, progressive disorder of the lower extremity arterial vessels characterized by chronic narrowing that often results in occlusion and is associated with loss of functional capacity. Although the PAD occurrence rate is increasing in the elderly population, outcomes with current treatment strategies are suboptimal. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new technologies that overcome limitations of traditional modalities for PAD detection and therapy. In this Review, the application of nanotechnology as a tool that bridges the gap in PAD diagnosis and therapy is in focus. Several materials including synthetic, natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials are used to develop nanoparticles for PAD diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. Moreover, various recent research approaches are being explored to diagnose PAD through multimodality imaging with different nanoplatforms. Further efforts include targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents using nanostructures as carriers to treat PAD. Last, but not least, despite being a fairly new field, researchers are exploring the use of nanotheranostics for PAD detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Noukeu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Joseph Wolf
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Baohong Yuan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76010, USA
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
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Tickle JA, Poptani H, Taylor A, Chari DM. Noninvasive imaging of nanoparticle-labeled transplant populations within polymer matrices for neural cell therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1333-1348. [PMID: 29949467 PMCID: PMC6220152 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop a 3D neural cell construct for encapsulated delivery of transplant cells; develop hydrogels seeded with magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-labeled cells suitable for cell tracking by MRI. MATERIALS & METHODS Astrocytes were exogenously labeled with MRI-compatible iron-oxide MNPs prior to intra-construct incorporation within a 3D collagen hydrogel. RESULTS A connective, complex cellular network was clearly observable within the 3D constructs, with high cellular viability. MNP accumulation in astrocytes provided a hypointense MRI signal at 24 h & 14 days. CONCLUSION Our findings support the concept of developing a 3D construct possessing the dual advantages of (i) support of long-term cell survival of neural populations with (ii) the potential for noninvasive MRI-tracking of intra-construct cells for neuroregenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Tickle
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
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Orynbayeva Z, Sensenig R, Polyak B. Metabolic and structural integrity of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeted cell therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1555-68. [PMID: 26008193 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To successfully translate magnetically mediated cell targeting from bench to bedside, there is a need to systematically assess the potential adverse effects of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) interacting with 'therapeutic' cells. Here, we examined in detail the effects of internalized polymeric MNPs on primary rat endothelial cells' structural intactness, metabolic integrity and proliferation potential. MATERIALS & METHODS The intactness of cytoskeleton and organelles was studied by fluorescent confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS MNP-loaded primary endothelial cells preserve intact cytoskeleton and organelles, maintain normal rate of proliferation, calcium signaling and mitochondria energy metabolism. CONCLUSION This study provides supportive evidence that MNPs at doses necessary for targeting did not induce significant adverse effects on structural integrity and functionality of primary endothelial cells - potential cell therapy vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Richard Sensenig
- 2Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Zohra FT, Medved M, Lazareva N, Polyak B. Functional behavior and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded primary endothelial cells for targeting vascular stents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1391-406. [PMID: 25996117 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess functional competence and gene expression of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-loaded primary endothelial cells (ECs) as potential cell-based therapy vectors. MATERIALS & METHODS A quantitative tube formation, nitric oxide and adhesion assays were conducted to assess functional potency of the MNP-loaded ECs. A quantitative real-time PCR was used to profile genes in both MNP-loaded at static conditions and in vitro targeted ECs. RESULTS Functional behavior of MNP-loaded and unloaded cells was comparable. MNPs induce expression of genes involved in EC growth and survival, while repress genes involved in coagulation. CONCLUSION MNPs do not adversely affect cellular function. Gene expression indicates that targeting MNP-loaded ECs to vascular stents may potentially stimulate re-endothelialization of an implant and attenuate neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Tuj Zohra
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mikhail Medved
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Nina Lazareva
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Boris Polyak
- 1Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, NCB Suite 7150, Mail Stop 413, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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Tickle JA, Jenkins SI, Polyak B, Pickard MR, Chari DM. Endocytotic potential governs magnetic particle loading in dividing neural cells: studying modes of particle inheritance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:345-58. [PMID: 26785794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To achieve high and sustained magnetic particle loading in a proliferative and endocytotically active neural transplant population (astrocytes) through tailored magnetite content in polymeric iron oxide particles. MATERIALS & METHODS MPs of varying magnetite content were applied to primary-derived rat cortical astrocytes ± static/oscillating magnetic fields to assess labeling efficiency and safety. RESULTS Higher magnetite content particles display high but safe accumulation in astrocytes, with longer-term label retention versus lower/no magnetite content particles. Magnetic fields enhanced loading extent. Dynamic live cell imaging of dividing labeled astrocytes demonstrated that particle distribution into daughter cells is predominantly 'asymmetric'. CONCLUSION These findings could inform protocols to achieve efficient MP loading into neural transplant cells, with significant implications for post-transplantation tracking/localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Tickle
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stuart I Jenkins
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery & Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Mark R Pickard
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Divya M Chari
- Institute for Science & Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, David Weatherall Building, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Adams CF, Rai A, Sneddon G, Yiu HH, Polyak B, Chari DM. Increasing magnetite contents of polymeric magnetic particles dramatically improves labeling of neural stem cell transplant populations. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Sapir Y, Polyak B, Cohen S. Cardiac tissue engineering in magnetically actuated scaffolds. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:014009. [PMID: 24334551 PMCID: PMC5562154 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/1/014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering offers new possibilities for the functional and structural restoration of damaged or lost heart tissue by applying cardiac patches created in vitro. Engineering such functional cardiac patches is a complex mission, involving material design on the nano- and microscale as well as the application of biological cues and stimulation patterns to promote cell survival and organization into a functional cardiac tissue. Herein, we present a novel strategy for creating a functional cardiac patch by combining the use of a macroporous alginate scaffold impregnated with magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNPs) and the application of external magnetic stimulation. Neonatal rat cardiac cells seeded within the magnetically responsive scaffolds and stimulated by an alternating magnetic field of 5 Hz developed into matured myocardial tissue characterized by anisotropically organized striated cardiac fibers, which preserved its features for longer times than non-stimulated constructs. A greater activation of AKT phosphorylation in cardiac cell constructs after applying a short-term (20 min) external magnetic field indicated the efficacy of magnetic stimulation to actuate at a distance and provided a possible mechanism for its action. Our results point to a synergistic effect of magnetic field stimulation together with nanoparticulate features of the scaffold surface as providing the regenerating environment for cardiac cells driving their organization into functionally mature tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Sapir
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Boris Polyak
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia PA 19102, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Smadar Cohen
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer- Sheva 84105, Israel
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Shugalei IV, Voznyakovskii AP, Garabadzhiu AV, Tselinskii IV, Sudarikov AM, Ilyushin MA. Biological activity of detonation nanodiamond and prospects in its medical and biological applications. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363213050010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The promotion of in vitro vessel-like organization of endothelial cells in magnetically responsive alginate scaffolds. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4100-9. [PMID: 22417620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in engineering thick, complex tissues such as cardiac muscle, is the need to pre-vascularize the engineered tissue in vitro to enable its efficient integration with host tissue upon implantation. Herein, we explored new magnetic alginate composite scaffolds to provide means of physical stimulation to cells. Magnetite-impregnated alginate scaffolds seeded with aortic endothelial cells stimulated during the first 7 days out of a total 14 day experimental course showed significantly elevated metabolic activity during the stimulation period. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) indicated that magnetically stimulated cells had a lower proliferation index as compared to the non-stimulated cells. This suggests that the elevated metabolic activity could instead be related to cell migration and re-organization. Immunostaining and confocal microscopy analyses supported this observation showing that on day 14 in magnetically stimulated scaffolds without supplementation of any growth factors, cellular vessel-like (loop) structures, known as indicators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis were formed as compared to cell sheets or aggregates observed in the non-stimulated (control) scaffolds. This work is the first step in our understanding of how to accurately control cellular organization to form tissue engineered constructs, which together with additional molecular signals could lead to a creation of an efficient pre-vascularized tissue construct with potential applicability for transplantation.
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Sheihet L, Garbuzenko OB, Bushman J, Gounder MK, Minko T, Kohn J. Paclitaxel in tyrosine-derived nanospheres as a potential anti-cancer agent: in vivo evaluation of toxicity and efficacy in comparison with paclitaxel in Cremophor. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:320-9. [PMID: 22155544 PMCID: PMC5953571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) has gained widespread clinical use yet its administration is associated with significant toxicity. In the present study, the toxicity and anti-tumor efficacy of tyrosine-derived nanospheres (NSP) for the delivery of PTX was compared to a clinical formulation of PTX in PBS-diluted Cremophor® EL (PTX-CrEL-D). Maximum tolerated dose was determined using a concentration series of PTX in NSP and CrEL-D, with toxicity assessed by measuring changes in body weight. Healthy mice administered PTX-NSP continued to gain weight normally while treatment with PTX-CrEL-D resulted in significant weight loss that failed to recover following treatment. Even at the dose of 50mg/kg, PTX-NSP showed better tolerance than 25mg/kg of PTX-CrEL-D. Xenograft studies of breast cancer revealed that the anti-tumor efficacy of PTX-NSP was equal to that of PTX-CrEL-D in tumors originating from both MDA-MB-435 and ZR-75-1 cancer lines. Larger volume of distribution and longer half-life were measured for PTX-NSP administration compared to those reported in the literature for a CrEL formulation. This trend suggests the potential for improved therapeutic index of PTX when administered via NSP. The findings reported here confirm that the NSP formulation is an efficient method for PTX administration with significant increase in maximum tolerated dose, offering possible clinical implications in the treatment of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Sheihet
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Olga B. Garbuzenko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Jared Bushman
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Murugesan K. Gounder
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Tamara Minko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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Force dependent internalization of magnetic nanoparticles results in highly loaded endothelial cells for use as potential therapy delivery vectors. Pharm Res 2012; 29:1270-81. [PMID: 22234617 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the kinetics, mechanism and extent of MNP loading into endothelial cells and the effect of this loading on cell function. METHODS MNP uptake was examined under field on/off conditions, utilizing varying magnetite concentration MNPs. MNP-loaded cell viability and functional integrity was assessed using metabolic respiration, cell proliferation and migration assays. RESULTS MNP uptake in endothelial cells significantly increased under the influence of a magnetic field versus non-magnetic conditions. Larger magnetite density of the MNPs led to a higher MNP internalization by cells under application of a magnetic field without compromising cellular respiration activity. Two-dimensional migration assays at no field showed that higher magnetite loading resulted in greater cell migration rates. In a three-dimensional migration assay under magnetic field, the migration rate of MNP-loaded cells was more than twice that of unloaded cells and was comparable to migration stimulated by a serum gradient. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that endothelial cell uptake of MNPs is a force dependent process. The in vitro assays determined that cell health is not adversely affected by high MNP loadings, allowing these highly magnetically responsive cells to be potentially beneficial therapy (gene, drug or cell) delivery systems.
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Enabling anticancer therapeutics by nanoparticle carriers: the delivery of Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4395-413. [PMID: 21845085 PMCID: PMC3155358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX), are indispensable for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, the application of most drugs is greatly limited by the low water solubility, poor permeability, or high efflux from cells. Nanoparticles have been widely investigated to enable drug delivery due to their low toxicity, sustained drug release, molecular targeting, and additional therapeutic and imaging functions. This review takes paclitaxel as an example and compares different nanoparticle-based delivery systems for their effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy.
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