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Khan A, Sirrs SM, Bichet DG, Morel CF, Tocoian A, Lan L, West ML. The Safety of Agalsidase Alfa Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Canadian Patients with Fabry Disease Following Implementation of a Bioreactor Process. Drugs R D 2021; 21:385-397. [PMID: 34542871 PMCID: PMC8602602 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-021-00361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Fabry disease, an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized by absent or reduced alpha-galactosidase activity, is a lifelong disease that impairs patients’ quality of life. Patients with Fabry disease have a considerably shortened lifespan, with mortality being mainly due to renal failure, cardiovascular disease, or cerebrovascular disease. Enzyme replacement therapy with agalsidase alfa has been shown to attenuate the renal, cardiovascular, and neuropathic disease progression associated with Fabry disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety of a new animal component-free version of agalsidase alfa. Methods A phase III/IV, open-label, single-arm, multicenter safety study was conducted in Canadian patients with Fabry disease between August 2011 and September 2017 as a regulatory requirement to assess the safety of agalsidase alfa produced using an animal component-free bioreactor process. Eligible patients had a documented diagnosis of Fabry disease and satisfied current Canadian guidelines for receiving enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease. Following treatment with animal component-free bioreactor-processed agalsidase alfa, treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored, and post hoc analyses of infusion-related reactions by antidrug antibody and neutralizing antibody statuses were conducted. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 167 patients (mean [standard deviation] age, 48.9 [14.8] years), including six pediatric patients (< 18 years of age), received at least one full or partial infusion of agalsidase alfa animal component-free. Fewer than 5% of treatment-emergent adverse events (212/4446) observed in 40 patients were reported as infusion-related reactions. Antidrug antibody and neutralizing antibody status did not affect the proportion of patients with infusion-related reactions. No clinically significant changes in vital signs were observed in patients over the course of the study. Conclusions Long-term treatment with bioreactor-produced agalsidase alfa animal component-free did not reveal new safety signals in this population of Canadian patients with Fabry disease. The treatment-emergent adverse event profile was consistent with the clinical manifestations of the disease and the known safety profile of roller bottle-produced agalsidase alfa. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01298141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneal Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra M Sirrs
- Department of Medicine, Adult Metabolic Diseases Clinic, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel G Bichet
- Department of Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal F Morel
- Fred A. Litwin Family Centre for Clinical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lan Lan
- , Takeda, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Michael L West
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Rm 5090 ACC, QE II Health Sciences Centre, 5820 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada.
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Vujkovac AC, Vujkovac B, Novaković S, Števanec M, Šabovič M. Characteristics of Vascular Phenotype in Fabry Patients. Angiology 2020; 72:426-433. [PMID: 33342225 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720981521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked lysosomal disorder. Alpha-galactosidase A deficiency caused by mutation leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids predominantly in endothelial cells, leading to impairment of vascular wall morphology and function. We assessed vascular wall hypertrophy (carotid artery intima-media thickness, cIMT), endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD), presence of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid and femoral arteries, and levels of endothelial adhesion and inflammatory biomarkers in 33 Fabry patients compared with 66 healthy matched controls. Fabry patients had thicker cIMT (0.07 ± 0.02 vs 0.06 ± 0.02 cm; P = .021), as well as dilated common carotid arteries (0.80 ± 0.12 vs 0.70 ± 0.06 cm; P < .001), and aortic annulus than controls (3.07 ± 0.48 vs 2.7 ± 0.48 cm; P = .001). Flow-mediated dilation was reduced (4.48 ± 8.80 vs 10.67 ± 8.72%; P = .001) and atherosclerotic plaques were less present in Fabry patients (9.10% vs 43.94%; P < .001). Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and high-sensitivity CRP were significantly higher and E-selectin lower in Fabry patients. Our results suggest that a complex vascular phenotype is present in Fabry patients. This represents a challenge for further research that could have important clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Cokan Vujkovac
- Department of Internal Medicine, 37672General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Vujkovac
- Department of Internal Medicine, 37672General Hospital Slovenj Gradec, Slovenj Gradec, Slovenia
| | - Srdjan Novaković
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, 68196Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milan Števanec
- Institute of Anatomy, 37664Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mišo Šabovič
- Department of Vascular Diseases, 37663University of Ljubljana Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lambe J, Noone I, Lonergan R, Tubridy N. Auditing the frequency and the clinical and economic impact of testing for Fabry disease in patients under the age of 70 with a stroke admitted to Saint Vincent’s University Hospital over a 6-month period. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 187:189-192. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-017-1625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Deegan PB. Fabry disease, enzyme replacement therapy and the significance of antibody responses. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:227-43. [PMID: 22037707 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder caused by a deficiency of α-galactosidase A. This leads to a progressive accumulation of globotriaosylceramide in tissues throughout the body. Cardiac, renal and neurological manifestations are common and life expectancy is significantly reduced relative to the general population. Management of Fabry disease involves the administration of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Two forms - agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta - have been licensed in certain jurisdictions and are generally well tolerated; however, some patients develop antibodies to the infused enzyme, which may impair the efficacy and safety of treatment. Agalsidase alfa and agalsidase beta are produced in different systems; this leads to certain differences in post-translational modification that may affect immunogenicity. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies have frequently been reported in patients with Fabry disease receiving ERT; IgG responses are reported in a greater proportion of patients receiving agalsidase beta than in patients receiving agalsidase alfa. IgE antibodies are less common than IgG antibodies, and have not been observed in patients receiving agalsidase alfa. However, these data are difficult to interpret due to methodological differences in the assessment of seropositivity, and in the doses of enzyme used. The clinical impact of the development of IgG antibodies to ERT in patients with Fabry disease remains unclear, due to lack of data and to the marked heterogeneity of patients both in terms of disease manifestations and response to therapy. Further studies that examine the development of antibodies in patients with Fabry disease and the potential impact of such antibodies on the outcome of ERT are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Deegan
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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Zamorano J, Serra V, Perez de Isla L, Feltes G, Calli A, Barbado FJ, Torras J, Hernandez S, Herrera J, Herrero JA, Pintos G. Usefulness of tissue Doppler on early detection of cardiac disease in Fabry patients and potential role of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for avoiding progression of disease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2011; 12:671-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jer109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Solá RJ, Griebenow K. Glycosylation of therapeutic proteins: an effective strategy to optimize efficacy. BioDrugs 2010; 24:9-21. [PMID: 20055529 DOI: 10.2165/11530550-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During their development and administration, protein-based drugs routinely display suboptimal therapeutic efficacies due to their poor physicochemical and pharmacological properties. These innate liabilities have driven the development of molecular strategies to improve the therapeutic behavior of protein drugs. Among the currently developed approaches, glycoengineering is one of the most promising, because it has been shown to simultaneously afford improvements in most of the parameters necessary for optimization of in vivo efficacy while allowing for targeting to the desired site of action. These include increased in vitro and in vivo molecular stability (due to reduced oxidation, cross-linking, pH-, chemical-, heating-, and freezing-induced unfolding/denaturation, precipitation, kinetic inactivation, and aggregation), as well as modulated pharmacodynamic responses (due to altered potencies from diminished in vitro enzymatic activities and altered receptor binding affinities) and improved pharmacokinetic profiles (due to altered absorption and distribution behaviors, longer circulation lifetimes, and decreased clearance rates). This article provides an account of the effects that glycosylation has on the therapeutic efficacy of protein drugs and describes the current understanding of the mechanisms by which glycosylation leads to such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Solá
- Laboratory for Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, USA.
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Abstract
Agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme) is a recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A enzyme approved for intravenous use in the treatment of Fabry disease. Fabry disease is a progressive, multisystemic, potentially life threatening disorder caused by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A. This deficiency results in accumulation of glycosphingolipids, particularly globotriaosylceramide (GL-3), in the lysosomes of various tissues. This accumulation is the underlying driver of disease progression. Agalsidase beta provides an exogenous source of alpha-galactosidase A.Intravenous agalsidase beta is effective and well tolerated in patients with Fabry disease. In a phase III trial, agalsidase beta was shown to clear GL-3 from various target cells and, in a subsequent extension of this trial, prevent GL-3 reaccumulation. In a post-approval trial, agalsidase beta was shown to provide significant clinical benefit by reducing the risk of a major clinical event. Thus, agalsidase beta represents an important advance in the treatment of Fabry disease, and agalsidase beta therapy should be strongly considered in patients with Fabry disease who are suitable candidates.
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Barbey F, Brakch N, Linhart A, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Jeanrenaud X, Qanadli S, Steinmann B, Burnier M, Palecek T, Bultas J, Hayoz D. Cardiac and Vascular Hypertrophy in Fabry Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:839-44. [PMID: 16469946 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000209649.60409.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives—
Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder resulting from α-galactosidase A deficiency. The cardiovascular findings include left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and increased intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA IMT). The current study examined the possible correlation between these parameters. To corroborate these clinical findings in vitro, plasma from Fabry patients was tested for possible proliferative effect on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (vascular smooth muscle cell [VSMC]) and mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes.
Methods and Results—
Thirty male and 38 female patients were enrolled. LVH was found in 60% of men and 39% of women. Increased CCA IMT was equally present in males and females. There was a strong positive correlation between LV mass and CCA IMT (r
2
=0.27;
P
<0.0001). VSMC and neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferative response in vitro correlated with CCA IMT (r
2
=0.39;
P
<0.0004) and LV mass index (r
2
=0.19;
P
=0.028), respectively.
Conclusions—
LVH and CCA IMT occur concomitantly in Fabry suggesting common pathogenesis. The underlying cause may be a circulating growth-promoting factor whose presence has been confirmed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Barbey
- Nephrology Department, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Interest in the diagnosis and treatment of Fabry disease has been greatly stimulated by the availability of Food and Drug Administration-approved, effective enzyme replacement therapy. This review will update the progress in this area since enzyme replacement therapy has become available. Fabry disease is often associated with proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it appears that the treatment paradigms that have proven to be so effective in diabetes mellitus and other forms of proteinuric kidney disease are also effective in conjunction with enzyme replacement therapy for treating the kidney manifestations of Fabry disease. As such, Fabry disease represents an interesting example of progressive proteinuric kidney disease in which the usual blood pressure is lower than in other forms of CKD. This makes the use of effective antiproteinuric therapy challenging, especially considering the autonomic dysfunction that appears to be part of the disease. Comprehensive therapy for Fabry disease includes enzyme replacement therapy and all of the adjunctive therapies that are currently used to treat all forms of proteinuric CKD. It is anticipated that this approach will preserve kidney function and also benefit the cardiac and cerebrovascular systems in patients with Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Warnock
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA.
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Jeyakumar M, Dwek RA, Butters TD, Platt FM. Storage solutions: treating lysosomal disorders of the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 2005; 6:713-25. [PMID: 16049428 DOI: 10.1038/nrn1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of undegradable molecules in cells or at extracellular sites in the brain. One such family of diseases is the lysosomal storage disorders, which result from defects in various aspects of lysosomal function. Until recently, there was little prospect of treating storage diseases involving the CNS. However, recent progress has been made in understanding these conditions and in translating the findings into experimental therapies. We review the developments in this field and discuss the similarities in pathological features between these diseases and some more common neurodegenerative disorders.
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Warnock DG. Fabry disease: diagnosis and management, with emphasis on the renal manifestations. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005; 14:87-95. [PMID: 15687833 DOI: 10.1097/00041552-200503000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interest in the diagnosis and treatment of Fabry disease has been greatly stimulated by the availability of Food and Drug Administration-approved, effective enzyme-replacement therapy. This review will update the progress in this area over the last 18 months that effective enzyme-replacement therapy has become available. RECENT FINDINGS Fabry disease is often associated with proteinuric chronic kidney disease, and it appears that the treatment paradigms that have proven to be so effective in diabetes mellitus and other forms of proteinuric renal disease are also effective, in conjunction with enzyme-replacement therapy for treating the renal manifestations of Fabry disease. As such, Fabry disease represents an interesting example of progressive proteinuric renal disease in which the usual blood pressure is lower than in other renal diseases. This makes the use of effective anti-proteinuric therapy challenging, especially considering the autonomic dysfunction that appears to be part of the disease. Recent advances are considered in this review, with emphasis on the role of kidney biopsy, effective dosing and maximal comprehensive therapy of Fabry disease. SUMMARY Maximal, comprehensive therapy for Fabry disease includes effective enzyme-replacement therapy and all of the adjunctive therapies that are currently used to treat all forms of proteinuric chronic kidney disease. It is anticipated that this approach will preserve kidney function and also benefit the cardiac and cerebrovascular systems in patients with Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Warnock
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, USA.
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