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Rinaldi A, Dumas F, Duskey JT, Imbriano C, Belluti S, Roy C, Ottonelli I, Vandelli MA, Ruozi B, Garcion E, Tosi G, Boury F. Polymer-lipid hybrid nanomedicines to deliver siRNA in and against glioblastoma cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123994. [PMID: 38484859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds great potential to treat many difficult-to-treat diseases, but its delivery remains the central challenge. This study aimed at investigating the suitability of polymer-lipid hybrid nanomedicines (HNMeds) as novel siRNA delivery platforms for locoregional therapy of glioblastoma. Two HNMed formulations were developed from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer and a cationic lipid: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) or 3ß-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol). After characterization of the HNMeds, a model siRNA was complexed onto their surface to form HNMed/siRNA complexes. The physicochemical properties and siRNA binding ability of complexes were assessed over a range of nitrogen-to-phosphate (N/P) ratios to optimize the formulations. At the optimal N/P ratio of 10, complexes effectively bound siRNA and improved its protection from enzymatic degradation. Using the NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line, DOTAP-based HNMeds were shown to possess higher cytocompatibility in vitro over the DC-Chol-based ones. As proof-of-concept, uptake and bioefficacy of formulations were also assessed in vitro on U87MG human glioblastoma cell line expressing luciferase gene. Complexes were able to deliver anti-luciferase siRNA and induce a remarkable suppression of gene expression. Noteworthy, the effect of DOTAP-based formulation was not only about three-times higher than DC-Chol-based one, but also comparable to lipofectamine model transfection reagent. These findings set the basis to exploit this nanosystem for silencing relevant GB-related genes in further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rinaldi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Charlotte Roy
- Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Ilaria Ottonelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Lab, Te.Far.T.I., Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Frank Boury
- Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université de Nantes, CRCI2NA, Université d'Angers, 49000 Angers, France.
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2
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Arruda DC, Lachagès AM, Demory H, Escriou G, Lai-Kuen R, Dugas PY, Hoffmann C, Bessoles S, Sarrabayrouse G, Malachias A, Finet S, Gastelois PL, de Almeida Macedo WA, da Silva Cunha A, Bigey P, Escriou V. Spheroplexes: Hybrid PLGA-cationic lipid nanoparticles, for in vitro and oral delivery of siRNA. J Control Release 2022; 350:228-243. [PMID: 35995297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vectorized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are widely used to induce gene silencing. Among the delivery systems used, lipid-based particles are the most effective. Our objective was the development of novel lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, from lipoplexes (complexes of cationic lipid and siRNAs), and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), using a simple modified nanoprecipitation method. Due to their morphology, we called these hybrid nanoparticles Spheroplexes. We elucidated their structure using several physico-chemical techniques and showed that they are composed of a hydrophobic PLGA matrix, surrounded by a lipid envelope adopting a lamellar structure, in which the siRNA is complexed, and they retain surface characteristics identical to the starting nanoparticles, i.e. lipoplexes siRNA. We analyzed the composition of the particle population and determined the final percentage of spheroplexes within this population, 80 to 85% depending on the preparation conditions, using fluorescent markers and the ability of flow cytometry to detect nanometric particles (approximately 200 nm). Finally, we showed that spheroplexes are very stable particles and more efficient than siRNA lipoplexes for the delivery of siRNA to cultured cells. We administered spheroplexes contain siRNAs targeting TNF-α to mice with ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate and our results indicate a disease regression effect with a response probably mediated by their uptake by macrophages / monocytes at the level of lamina propria of the colon. The efficacy of decreased level of TNF-α in vivo seemed to be an association of spheroplexes polymer-lipid composition and the specific siRNA. These results demonstrate that spheroplexes are a promising hybrid nanoparticle for the oral delivery of siRNA to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Campiol Arruda
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Hélène Demory
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - René Lai-Kuen
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Platform, US 25 Inserm, UMS 3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dugas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Laboratoire Catalyse, Polymérisation, Procédés et Matériaux (CP2M), 69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Angelo Malachias
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Finet
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, MNHN, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Pedro Lana Gastelois
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, CDTN, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Armando da Silva Cunha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pascal Bigey
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; ChimieParisTech, PSL University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
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3
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Algarni A, Pilkington EH, Suys EJA, Al-Wassiti H, Pouton CW, Truong NP. In vivo delivery of plasmid DNA by lipid nanoparticles: the influence of ionizable cationic lipids on organ-selective gene expression. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2940-2952. [PMID: 35475455 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids play a critical role in developing new gene therapies for various biomedical applications, including COVID-19 vaccines. However, it remains unclear whether the formulation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) using DLin-MC3-DMA, an optimized ionizable lipid clinically used for small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy, also facilitates high liver-selective transfection of other gene therapies such as plasmid DNA (pDNA). Here we report the first investigation into pDNA transfection efficiency in different mouse organs after intramuscular and intravenous administration of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) where DLin-MC3-DMA, DLin-KC2-DMA or DODAP are used as the ionizable cationic lipid component of the LNP. We discovered that these three benchmark lipids previously developed for siRNA delivery followed an unexpected characteristic rank order in gene expression efficiency when utilized for pDNA. In particular, DLin-KC2-DMA facilitated higher in vivo pDNA transfection than DLin-MC3-DMA and DODAP, possibly due to its head group pKa and lipid tail structure. Interestingly, LNPs formulated with either DLin-KC2-DMA or DLin-MC3-DMA exhibited significantly higher in vivo protein production in the spleen than in the liver. This work sheds light on the importance of the choice of ionizable cationic lipid and nucleic acid cargo for organ-selective gene expression. The study also provides a new design principle towards the formulation of more effective LNPs for biomedical applications of pDNA, such as gene editing, vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Algarni
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Emily H Pilkington
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Estelle J A Suys
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Hareth Al-Wassiti
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Nghia P Truong
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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4
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In vitro production of synthetic viral RNAs and their delivery into mammalian cells and the application of viral RNAs in the study of innate interferon responses. Methods 2020; 183:21-29. [PMID: 31682923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cells express different types of RNA molecules that can be classified as protein coding RNAs (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) the latter of which have housekeeping and regulatory functions in cells. Cellular RNAs are not recognized by cellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and innate immunity is not activated. RNA viruses encode and express RNA molecules that usually differ from cell-specific RNAs and they include for instance 5'capped and 5'mono- and triphosphorylated RNAs, small viral RNAs and viral RNA-protein complexes called vRNPs. These molecules are recognized by certain members of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) families leading to activation of innate immune responses and the production of antiviral cytokines, such as type I and type III interferons (IFNs). Virus-specific ssRNA and dsRNA molecules that mimic the viral genomic RNAs or their replication intermediates can efficiently be produced by bacteriophage T7 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and bacteriophage phi6 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. These molecules can then be delivered into mammalian cells and the mechanisms of activation of innate immune responses can be studied. In addition, synthetic viral dsRNAs can be processed to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by a Dicer enzyme to produce a swarm of antiviral siRNAs. Here we describe the biology of RNAs, their in vitro production and delivery into mammalian cells as well as how these molecules can be used to inhibit virus replication and to study the mechanisms of activation of the innate immune system.
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5
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Di Silvio D, Martínez-Moro M, Salvador C, de Los Angeles Ramirez M, Caceres-Velez PR, Ortore MG, Dupin D, Andreozzi P, Moya SE. Self-assembly of poly(allylamine)/siRNA nanoparticles, their intracellular fate and siRNA delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:757-766. [PMID: 31569055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Silencing RNA (siRNA) technologies attract significant interest as a therapeutic tool for a large number of diseases. However, the medical translation of this technology is hampered by the lack of effective delivery vehicles for siRNAs in cytosol that prevent their degradation in the bloodstream. The use of molecular complexes based on polyamines have great potential for siRNA delivery as polyamines can protect the siRNA during circulation and at the same time favor siRNA translocation in cytosol. Here, nanoparticles are prepared by complexation of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and siRNA varying the ratio of nitrogen groups from PAH to phosphate groups from siRNA (N/P ratio). Nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The stability of complexes of green rhodamine labelled PAH (G-PAH) and Cy5 labelled siRNA (R-siRNA) at different pHs and in cell media is studied by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). FCCS studies show that the nanoparticles are stable at physiological pH and in cell media but they disassemble at acidic pH. An optimal N/P ratio of 2 is identified in terms of stability in media, degradation at endosomal pH and toxicity. The intracellular fate of the complexes is studied following uptake in A549 cells. The cross-correlation between G-PAH and R-siRNA decreases substantially 24 h after uptake, while diffusion times of siRNA decrease indicating that the complexes disassemble, liberating the siRNAs. The release of siRNAs into the cytosol is confirmed with parallel confocal laser scanning microscopy. Flow cytometry studies show that PAH/siRNA nanoparticles are effective at silencing green fluorescent protein expression at low N/P ratios at which polyethylenimine/siRNA shows no significant silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirè Di Silvio
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Moro
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristian Salvador
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Ramirez
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (INS-UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo 1021, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolin Rocio Caceres-Velez
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Ortore
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Sergio E Moya
- CICbiomaGUNE - Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, Paseo Miramón n° 182, Edificio C, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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6
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Wu T, Xiao H, Lu L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xia W, Long M, Tao J, Shen J, Shuai X. Polymeric Vector-Mediated Targeted Delivery of Anti-PAK1 siRNA to Macrophages for Efficient Atherosclerosis Treatment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4455-4462. [PMID: 33438411 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Wang
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming Long
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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7
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Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN, Kandasamy G, Pal’shin VA, Shishlyannikova TA, Krishnan UM, Annenkov VV. Poly(vinyl amine) as a matrix for a new class of polymers. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(vinyl amine) was utilized as a matrix for the synthesis of polymers bearing short polyamine chains (1–3 amine groups) grafted to the main macromolecular chain with long (eight atoms) spacers. The new polymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, size exclusion chromatography and potentiometry. Poly(vinyl amine) was applied in the form of narrow molecular mass fractions and the modification proceeded without destruction of the main chain. Condensation of silicic acid in the presence of the polymeric amines gives rise to composite nanoparticles which are stable in aqueous medium. New polymers and composite nanoparticles effectively complex with DNA and RNA oligonucleotides and were found to display good internalization in cancer cells which indicates their promise towards gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav N. Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Elena N. Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Gayathri Kandasamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viktor A. Pal’shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Shishlyannikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadim V. Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia, e-mail:
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8
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Zhang P, Wu J, Xiao F, Zhao D, Luan Y. Disulfide bond based polymeric drug carriers for cancer chemotherapy and relevant redox environments in mammals. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1485-1510. [PMID: 29341223 DOI: 10.1002/med.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing numbers of disulfide linkage-employing polymeric drug carriers that utilize the reversible peculiarity of this unique covalent bond have been reported. The reduction-sensitive disulfide bond is usually employed as a linkage between hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, polymers and drugs, or as cross-linkers in polymeric drug carriers. These polymeric drug carriers are designed to exploit the significant redox potential difference between the reducing intracellular environments and relatively oxidizing extracellular spaces. In addition, these drug carriers can release a considerable amount of anticancer drug in response to the reducing environment when they reach tumor tissues, effectively improving antitumor efficacy. This review focuses on various disulfide linkage-employing polymeric drug carriers. Important redox thiol pools, including GSH/GSSG, Cys/CySS, and Trx1, as well as redox environments in mammals, will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jilian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Xiao
- Binzhou Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Binzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dujuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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9
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Danilovtseva EN, Maheswari Krishnan U, Pal'shin VA, Annenkov VV. Polymeric Amines and Ampholytes Derived from Poly(acryloyl chloride): Synthesis, Influence on Silicic Acid Condensation and Interaction with Nucleic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110624. [PMID: 30965927 PMCID: PMC6418922 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric amines are intensively studied due to various valuable properties. This study describes the synthesis of new polymeric amines and ampholytes by the reaction of poly(acryloyl chloride) with trimethylene-based polyamines containing one secondary and several (1⁻3) tertiary amine groups. The polymers contain polyamine side chains and carboxylic groups when the polyamine was in deficiency. These polymers differ in structure of side groups, but they are identical in polymerization degree and polydispersity, which facilitates the study of composition-properties relationships. The structure of the obtained polymers was confirmed with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance infrared spectroscopy, and acid-base properties were studied with potentiometry titration. Placement of the amine groups in the side chains influences their acid-base properties: protonation of the amine group exerts a larger impact on the amine in the same side chain than on the amines in the neighboring side chains. The obtained polymers are prone to aggregation in aqueous solutions tending to insolubility at definite pH values in the case of polyampholytes. Silicic acid condensation in the presence of new polymers results in soluble composite nanoparticles and composite materials which consist of ordered submicrometer particles according to dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Polymeric amines, ampholytes, and composite nanoparticles are capable of interacting with oligonucleotides, giving rise to complexes that hold promise for gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Viktor A Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
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10
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Andreozzi P, Diamanti E, Py-Daniel KR, Cáceres-Vélez PR, Martinelli C, Politakos N, Escobar A, Muzi-Falconi M, Azevedo R, Moya SE. Exploring the pH Sensitivity of Poly(allylamine) Phosphate Supramolecular Nanocarriers for Intracellular siRNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38242-38254. [PMID: 29039643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silencing RNA (siRNA) technologies emerge as a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of multiple diseases. An ideal nanocarrier (NC) for siRNAs should be stable at physiological pH and release siRNAs in acidic endosomal pH, fulfilling siRNA delivery only inside cells. Here, we show a novel application of polyamine phosphate NCs (PANs) based on their capacity to load negatively charged nucleic acids and their pH stability. PANs are fabricated by complexation of phosphate anions from phosphate buffer solution (PB) with the amine groups of poly(allylamine) hydrochloride as carriers for siRNAs. PANs are stable in a narrow pH interval, from 7 to 9, and disassemble at pH's higher than 9 and lower than 6. siRNAs are encapsulated by complexation with poly(allylamine) hydrochloride before or after PAN formation. PANs with encapsulated siRNAs are stable in cell media. Once internalized in cells following endocytic pathways, PANs disassemble at the low endosomal pH and release the siRNAs into the cytoplasm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of Rhodamine Green labeled PANs (RG-PANs) with encapsulated Cy3-labeled siRNA in A549 cells show that siRNAs are released from the PANs. Colocalization experiments with labeled endosomes and either labeled siRNAs prove the translocation of siRNAs into the cytosol. As a proof of concept, it is shown that PANs with encapsulated green fluorescence protein (GFP) siRNAs silence GFP in A549 cells expressing this protein. Silencing efficacy was evaluated by flow cytometry, CLSM, and Western blot assays. These results open the way for the use of poly(allylamine) phosphate nanocarriers for the intracellular delivery of genetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Andreozzi
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo Miramón 182 C, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa 20014, Spain
| | - Eleftheria Diamanti
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo Miramón 182 C, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa 20014, Spain
| | - Karen Rapp Py-Daniel
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Paolin Rocio Cáceres-Vélez
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan , Via Giovanni Celoria, 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Politakos
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo Miramón 182 C, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa 20014, Spain
| | - Ane Escobar
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo Miramón 182 C, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa 20014, Spain
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan , Via Giovanni Celoria, 26, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Ricardo Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo Miramón 182 C, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa 20014, Spain
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11
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deRonde BM, Posey ND, Otter R, Minter LM, Tew GN. Optimal Hydrophobicity in Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Based Protein Mimics Required for siRNA Internalization. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:1969-77. [PMID: 27103189 PMCID: PMC4964964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the role of polymer structure for the internalization of biologically relevant cargo, specifically siRNA, is of critical importance to the development of improved delivery reagents. Herein, we report guanidinium-rich protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) based on a ring-opening metathesis polymerization scaffold containing tunable hydrophobic moieties that promote siRNA internalization. Structure-activity relationships using Jurkat T cells and HeLa cells were explored to determine how the length of the hydrophobic block and the hydrophobic side chain compositions of these PTDMs impacted siRNA internalization. To explore the hydrophobic block length, two different series of diblock copolymers were synthesized: one series with symmetric block lengths and one with asymmetric block lengths. At similar cationic block lengths, asymmetric and symmetric PTDMs promoted siRNA internalization in the same percentages of the cell population regardless of the hydrophobic block length; however, with 20 repeat units of cationic charge, the asymmetric block length had greater siRNA internalization, highlighting the nontrivial relationships between hydrophobicity and overall cationic charge. To further probe how the hydrophobic side chains impacted siRNA internalization, an additional series of asymmetric PTDMs was synthesized that featured a fixed hydrophobic block length of five repeat units that contained either dimethyl (dMe), methyl phenyl (MePh), or diphenyl (dPh) side chains and varied cationic block lengths. This series was further expanded to incorporate hydrophobic blocks consisting of diethyl (dEt), diisobutyl (diBu), and dicyclohexyl (dCy) based repeat units to better define the hydrophobic window for which our PTDMs had optimal activity. High-performance liquid chromatography retention times quantified the relative hydrophobicities of the noncationic building blocks. PTDMs containing the MePh, diBu, and dPh hydrophobic blocks were shown to have superior siRNA internalization capabilities compared to their more and less hydrophobic counterparts, demonstrating a critical window of relative hydrophobicity for optimal internalization. This better understanding of how hydrophobicity impacts PTDM-induced internalization efficiencies will help guide the development of future delivery reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M. deRonde
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Nicholas D. Posey
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Ronja Otter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Lisa M. Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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12
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Castro DJ, Gu S, Morry J, Reda M, Gray JW, Yantasee W. Current development of targeted oligonucleotide-based cancer therapies: Perspective on HER2-positive breast cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 45:19-29. [PMID: 26930249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This Review discusses the various types of non-coding oligonucleotides, which have garnered extensive interest as new alternatives for targeted cancer therapies over small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. These oligonucleotides can target any hallmark of cancer, no longer limited to so-called "druggable" targets. Thus, any identified gene that plays a key role in cancer progression or drug resistance can be exploited with oligonucleotides. Among them, small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are frequently utilized for gene silencing due to the robust and well established mechanism of RNA interference. Despite promising advantages, clinical translation of siRNAs is hindered by the lack of effective delivery platforms. This Review provides general criteria and consideration of nanoparticle development for systemic siRNA delivery. Different classes of nanoparticle candidates for siRNA delivery are discussed, and the progress in clinical trials for systemic cancer treatment is reviewed. Lastly, this Review presents HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2)-positive breast cancer as one example that could benefit significantly from siRNA technology. How siRNA-based therapeutics can overcome cancer resistance to such therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Moataz Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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13
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Chien KR, Zangi L, Lui KO. Synthetic chemically modified mRNA (modRNA): toward a new technology platform for cardiovascular biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 5:a014035. [PMID: 25301935 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a014035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, a host of new molecular pathways have been uncovered that guide mammalian heart development and disease. The ability to genetically manipulate these pathways in vivo have largely been dependent on the generation of genetically engineered mouse model systems or the transfer of exogenous genes in a variety of DNA vectors (plasmid, adenoviral, adeno-associated viruses, antisense oligonucleotides, etc.). Recently, a new approach to manipulate the gene program of the adult mammalian heart has been reported that will quickly allow the high-efficiency expression of virtually any protein in the intact heart of mouse, rat, porcine, nonhuman primate, and human heart cells via the generation of chemically modified mRNA (modRNA). The technology platform has important implications for delineating the specific paracrine cues that drive human cardiogenesis, and the pathways that might trigger heart regeneration via the rapid generation of modRNA libraries of paracrine factors for direct in vivo administration. In addition, the strategy can be extended to a variety of other cardiovascular tissues and solid organs across multiple species, and recent improvements in the core technology have supported moving toward the first human studies of modRNA in the next 2 years. These recent advances are reviewed along with projections of the potential impact of the technology for a host of other biomedical problems in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Lior Zangi
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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14
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Lee JY, Choi DY, Cho MY, Park KE, Lee SH, Hun Cho S, Hong KS, Lim YT. Targeted theranostic nanoparticles: receptor-mediated entry into cells, pH-induced signal generation and cytosolic delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:901-906. [PMID: 24106164 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like theranostic nanoparticles: virus-like poly(amino acid) nanoparticles are synthesized that can be internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis, resulting in encapsulated pH-activatable fluorescence probes that can be turned on in acidic environments but otherwise remain undetectable. The encapsulated anticancer drugs are also released into cytosol by endosome disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lee
- Graduate School and Department of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kharlamov AN. Plasmonic photothermal therapy for atheroregression below Glagov threshold. Future Cardiol 2014; 9:405-25. [PMID: 23668744 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of nanomedicine allowed for the development and design of tools that enhance detailed diagnosis and target treatment of atherosclerosis. Given the rapid progress in nanoagent synthesis and utility, clinical application of these technologies can be anticipated in the near future. This review article focuses on the development of these technologies in interventional cardiology, with the main goal of achieving atheroregression below a Glagov threshold of 40%. Special attention is given to plasmonic photothermal therapy. Vascular remodeling maintains the lumen dimension as long as the external elastic membrane can accommodate an increase in plaque burden that does not surpass a certain threshold. We propose that this threshold becomes the target for the development of strategies that reverse atherosclerosis, especially for the generation of devices and tools of nanomedicine.
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16
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Guidry EN, Farand J, Soheili A, Parish CA, Kevin NJ, Pipik B, Calati KB, Ikemoto N, Waldman JH, Latham AH, Howell BJ, Leone A, Garbaccio RM, Barrett SE, Parmar RG, Truong QT, Mao B, Davies IW, Colletti SL, Sepp-Lorenzino L. Improving the in vivo therapeutic index of siRNA polymer conjugates through increasing pH responsiveness. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:296-307. [PMID: 24409989 DOI: 10.1021/bc400442p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymer based carriers that aid in endosomal escape have proven to be efficacious siRNA delivery agents in vitro and in vivo; however, most suffer from cytotoxicity due in part to a lack of selectivity for endosomal versus cell membrane lysis. For polymer based carriers to move beyond the laboratory and into the clinic, it is critical to find carriers that are not only efficacious, but also have margins that are clinically relevant. In this paper we report three distinct categories of polymer conjugates that improve the selectivity of endosomal membrane lysis by relying on the change in pH associated with endosomal trafficking, including incorporation of low pKa heterocycles, acid cleavable amino side chains, or carboxylic acid pH sensitive charge switches. Additionally, we determine the therapeutic index of our polymer conjugates in vivo and demonstrate that the incorporation of pH responsive elements dramatically expands the therapeutic index to 10-15, beyond that of the therapeutic index (less than 3), for polymer conjugates previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Guidry
- Department of Process Chemistry and ∥Department of Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc. , , Rahway, New Jersey, United States
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17
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van Asbeck AH, Beyerle A, McNeill H, Bovee-Geurts PHM, Lindberg S, Verdurmen WPR, Hällbrink M, Langel U, Heidenreich O, Brock R. Molecular parameters of siRNA--cell penetrating peptide nanocomplexes for efficient cellular delivery. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3797-807. [PMID: 23600610 DOI: 10.1021/nn305754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are versatile tools for the intracellular delivery of various biomolecules, including siRNA. Recently, CPPs were introduced that showed greatly enhanced delivery efficiency. However, the molecular basis of this increased activity is poorly understood. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the molecular and physicochemical properties of seven different siRNA-CPP nanoparticles. In addition, we determined which complexes are internalized most efficiently into the leukemia cell-line SKNO-1, and subsequently inhibited the expression of a luciferase reporter gene. We demonstrated effective complexation of siRNA for all tested CPPs, and optimal encapsulation of the siRNA was achieved at very similar molar ratios independent of peptide charge. However, CPPs with an extreme high or low overall charge proved to be exceptions, suggesting an optimal range of charge for CPP-siRNA nanoparticle formation based on opposite charge. The most active CPP (PepFect6) displayed high serum resistance but also high sensitivity to decomplexation by polyanionic macromolecules, indicating the necessity for partial decomplexation for efficient uptake. Surprisingly, CPP-siRNA complexes acquired a negative ζ-potential in the presence of serum. These novel insights shed light on the observation that cell association is necessary but not sufficient for activity and motivate new research into the nature of the nanoparticle-cell interaction. Overall, our results provide a comprehensive molecular basis for the further development of peptide-based oligonucleotide transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H van Asbeck
- Department of Biochemistry, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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18
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Kim T, Afonin KA, Viard M, Koyfman AY, Sparks S, Heldman E, Grinberg S, Linder C, Blumenthal RP, Shapiro BA. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Studies Indicate the Potential Use of Bolaamphiphiles for Therapeutic siRNAs Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e80. [PMID: 23511334 PMCID: PMC3615820 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) designed to silence different oncogenic pathways can be used for cancer therapy. However, non-modified naked siRNAs have short half-lives in blood serum and encounter difficulties in crossing biological membranes due to their negative charge. These obstacles can be overcome by using siRNAs complexed with bolaamphiphiles, consisting of two positively charged head groups that flank an internal hydrophobic chain. Bolaamphiphiles have relatively low toxicities, long persistence in the blood stream, and most importantly, in aqueous conditions can form poly-cationic micelles thus, becoming amenable to association with siRNAs. Herein, two different bolaamphiphiles with acetylcholine head groups attached to an alkyl chain in two distinct configurations are compared for their abilities to complex with siRNAs and deliver them into cells inducing gene silencing. Our explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that bolaamphiphiles associate with siRNAs due to electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. These in silico studies are supported by various in vitro and in cell culture experimental techniques as well as by some in vivo studies. Results demonstrate that depending on the application, the extent of siRNA chemical protection, delivery efficiency, and further intracellular release can be varied by simply changing the type of bolaamphiphile used.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e80; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.5; published online 19 March 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kim
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill A. Afonin
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mathias Viard
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexey Y Koyfman
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Selene Sparks
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliahu Heldman
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert P Blumenthal
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce A Shapiro
- Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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19
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Gao L, Liu G, Ma J, Wang X, Zhou L, Li X. Drug nanocrystals: In vivo performances. J Control Release 2012; 160:418-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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