1
|
Deng D, Xu X, Cui T, Xu M, Luo K, Zhang H, Wang Q, Song C, Li C, Li G, Shang D. PBAC: A pathway-based attention convolution neural network for predicting clinical drug treatment responses. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18298. [PMID: 38683133 PMCID: PMC11057419 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise and personalized drug application is crucial in the clinical treatment of complex diseases. Although neural networks offer a new approach to improving drug strategies, their internal structure is difficult to interpret. Here, we propose PBAC (Pathway-Based Attention Convolution neural network), which integrates a deep learning framework and attention mechanism to address the complex biological pathway information, thereby provide a biology function-based robust drug responsiveness prediction model. PBAC has four layers: gene-pathway layer, attention layer, convolution layer and fully connected layer. PBAC improves the performance of predicting drug responsiveness by focusing on important pathways, helping us understand the mechanism of drug action in diseases. We validated the PBAC model using data from four chemotherapy drugs (Bortezomib, Cisplatin, Docetaxel and Paclitaxel) and 11 immunotherapy datasets. In the majority of datasets, PBAC exhibits superior performance compared to traditional machine learning methods and other research approaches (area under curve = 0.81, the area under the precision-recall curve = 0.73). Using PBAC attention layer output, we identified some pathways as potential core cancer regulators, providing good interpretability for drug treatment prediction. In summary, we presented PBAC, a powerful tool to predict drug responsiveness based on the biology pathway information and explore the potential cancer-driving pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dexun Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- School of ComputerUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Xiaoqiang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Ting Cui
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Mingcong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Kunpeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Han Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- School of ComputerUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- School of ComputerUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Chao Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- School of ComputerUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
| | - Chao Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of University of South ChinaHengyangPR China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Hengyang Medical SchoolInstitute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| | - Desi Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Lab of Big Data and Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Multi‐omics And Artificial Intelligence of Cardiovascular DiseasesUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- School of ComputerUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical SchoolUniversity of South ChinaHengyangHunanChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cao W, Gao J, Zhang Y, Li A, Yu P, Cao N, Liang J, Tang X. Autophagy up-regulated by MEK/ERK promotes the repair of DNA damage caused by aflatoxin B1. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:87-96. [PMID: 34396909 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1968985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a kind of mycotoxin, exerts its cytotoxicity by increasing the oxidative damage of target organs, especially the liver. In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out to elucidate the toxic mechanism of AFB1. The results of MTT, cloning-formation, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot showed that AFB1 activated NOX2 gp91 phox, inhibited proliferation and migration, and blocked cell cycle at G0/G1 period of HHL-5 cells. Autophagy promoted the repair of NOX2-dependent DNA damage. NOX2/gp91 phox mainly activates MEK/ERK pathway and then up-regulates autophagy. In vivo experiments have shown that AFB1 (0.75 mg/kg daily orally, 4 weeks) had no significant changes in the size and shape of the liver in mice. However, these treatments lead to structural abnormalities of hepatocytes and DNA damage. In summary, AFB1 caused intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage, NOX2/gp91-phox activates the MEK/ERK pathway, and upregulated autophagy to promote the repair of DNA damage. We concluded that by increasing the level of autophagy, the ability of anti-AFB1 toxicity of liver can be increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Cao
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Yinci Zhang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Amin Li
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Niandie Cao
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Pérez DJ, Gopal K, Haque M, Ussher JR, Kashfi K, Velázquez-Martínez CA. SP1-independent inhibition of FOXM1 by modified thiazolidinediones. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112902. [PMID: 33069434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research article describes an approach to modify the thiazolidinedione scaffold to produce test drugs capable of binding to, and inhibit, the in vitro transcriptional activity of the oncogenic protein FOXM1. This approach allowed us to obtain FOXM1 inhibitors that bind directly to the FOXM1-DNA binding domain without targeting the expression levels of Sp1, an upstream transcription factor protein known to activate the expression of FOXM1. Briefly, we modified the chemical structure of the thiazolidinedione scaffold present in anti-diabetic medications such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and the former anti-diabetic drug troglitazone, because these drugs have been reported to exert inhibition of FOXM1 but hit other targets as well. After the chemical synthesis of 11 derivatives possessing a modified thiazolidinedione moiety, we screened all test compounds using in vitro protocols to measure their ability to (a) dissociate a FOXM1-DNA complex (EMSA assay); (b) decrease the expression of FOXM1 in triple negative-breast cancer cells (WB assay); (c) downregulate the expression of FOXM1 downstream targets (luciferase reporter assays and qPCR); and inhibit the formation of colonies of MDA-MB-231 cancer cells (colony formation assay). We also identified a potential binding mode associated with these compounds in which compound TFI-10, one of the most active molecules, exerts binding interactions with Arg289, Trp308, and His287. Unlike the parent drug, troglitazone, compound TFI-10 does not target the in vitro expression of Sp1, suggesting that it is possible to design FOXM1 inhibitors with a better selectivity profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Pérez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Moinul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Endogenous hydrogen sulfide sulfhydrates IKKβ at cysteine 179 to control pulmonary artery endothelial cell inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2045-2059. [PMID: 31654061 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) inflammation is a critical event in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the pathogenesis of PAEC inflammation remains unclear. METHODS Purified recombinant human inhibitor of κB kinase subunit β (IKKβ) protein, human PAECs and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats were employed in the study. Site-directed mutagenesis, gene knockdown or overexpression were conducted to manipulate the expression or activity of a target protein. RESULTS We showed that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inhibited IKKβ activation in the cell model of human PAEC inflammation induced by monocrotaline pyrrole-stimulation or knockdown of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), an H2S generating enzyme. Mechanistically, H2S was proved to inhibit IKKβ activity directly via sulfhydrating IKKβ at cysteinyl residue 179 (C179) in purified recombinant IKKβ protein in vitro, whereas thiol reductant dithiothreitol (DTT) reversed H2S-induced IKKβ inactivation. Furthermore, to demonstrate the significance of IKKβ sulfhydration by H2S in the development of PAEC inflammation, we mutated C179 to serine (C179S) in IKKβ. In purified IKKβ protein, C179S mutation of IKKβ abolished H2S-induced IKKβ sulfhydration and the subsequent IKKβ inactivation. In human PAECs, C179S mutation of IKKβ blocked H2S-inhibited IKKβ activation and PAEC inflammatory response. In pulmonary hypertensive rats, C179S mutation of IKKβ abolished the inhibitory effect of H2S on IKKβ activation and pulmonary vascular inflammation and remodeling. CONCLUSION Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated, for the first time, that endogenous H2S directly inactivated IKKβ via sulfhydrating IKKβ at Cys179 to inhibit nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation and thereby control PAEC inflammation in PAH.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsieh C, Lin YW, Chen CH, Ku W, Ma F, Yu H, Chu C. Yellow and green pigments from Calophyllum inophyllum L. seed oil induce cell death in colon and lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5915-5923. [PMID: 29552223 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have been candidates for anticancer medicine over the last 20 years. During the process of isolating seed oil from Calophyllum inophyllum L., yellow and green pigments containing multiple compounds with an aromatic structure were identified. High-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of these pigments revealed that the compounds present were identical, but the concentration of the compounds was different. Treatment with the pigments was able to induce the death of DLD-1 human colon cancer cells and increase the percentage of the cells in the sub-G1 and sub-G2/M phases in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the pigments were able to exhibit cytotoxic activity on A549 and H1975 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines at 24 h, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values of 0.1206 and 0.0676%, respectively for green pigments, and 0.0434 and 0.0501%, respectively for yellow pigments. Furthermore, a decrease in IC50 value was associated with an increase in the duration of treatment. However, a sharp decrease in IC50 value of the yellow pigment was observed for H1975 cells at 48 h and for A549 cells at 72 h compared with no change in IC50 value for the green pigment with time, suggesting that the pigments function and induce cell death differently in the two cell lines. An investigation was performed into the synergistic effect of the green pigment and gefitinib (Iressa®, ZD1839), which is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor to block growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. The combination of the green pigment and gefitinib resulted in an enhancement of the decrease in viability of A549 and H1975 cells compared with treatment with gefitinib alone, which suggested that treatment with the green pigments was able to enhance the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to gefitinib. In conclusion, these pigments may be considered for development as anti-colon cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiawen Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Wei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wenjun Ku
- Forest Chemistry Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuching Ma
- Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei 10066, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hanming Yu
- Fushan Botanic Garden, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Yuanshan, Yilan 26445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tumor growth suppressive effect of IL-4 through p21-mediated activation of STAT6 in IL-4Rα overexpressed melanoma models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23425-38. [PMID: 26993600 PMCID: PMC5029637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the significance of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in tumor development, we compared B16F10 melanoma growth in IL-4-overespressing transgenic mice (IL-4 mice) and non-transgenic mice. In IL-4 mice, reduced tumor volume and weight were observed when compared with those of non-transgenic mice. Significant activation of DNA binding activity of STAT6, phosphorylation of STAT6 as well as IL-4, IL-4Rα and p21 expression were found in the tumor tissues of IL-4 mice compared to non-transgenic mice. Higher expression of IL-4, STAT6 and p21 in human melanoma tissue compared to normal human skin tissue was also found. Higher expression of apoptotic protein such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, cleaved caspase-9, Bax, p53 and p21, but lower expression levels of survival protein such as Bcl-2 were found in the tumor of IL-4 mice. In vitro study, we found that overexpression of IL-4 significantly inhibited SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell and B16F10 murine melanoma cell growth via p21-mediated activation of STAT6 pathway as well as increased expression of apoptotic cell death proteins. Moreover, p21 knockdown with siRNA abolished IL-4 induced activation of STAT6 and expression of p53 and p21 accompanied with reduced IL-4 expression as well as melanoma cell growth inhibition. Therefore, these results showed that IL-4 overexpression suppressed tumor development through p21-mediated activation of STAT6 pathways in melanoma models.
Collapse
|
7
|
Elwakkad A, Ghoneum M, El-Sawi M, Mohamed SI, Gamal El Din AA, Pan D, Elqattan GM. Baker's Yeast Induces Apoptotic Effects and Histopathological Changes on Skin Tumors in Mice. COGENT MEDICINE 2018; 5. [PMID: 31098389 PMCID: PMC6516756 DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1437673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the apoptotic effect of Baker’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) on chemically-induced skin cancer in mice. Intra-tumoral treatment with yeast caused: increases in Ca2+ in skin homogenate, modulated the intrinsic/extrinsic pathways by downregulating Bcl-2 and FasL, upregulating Bax, and increased the expression of cytochrome-c and caspases 9, 8, and 3. Histopathological changes were detected, including mild dysplasia, atypia, tumor regression, and absence of basaloid cell proliferation. No toxic effects were detected, as examined by histopathological, biochemical, and body weight analysis. These results show that yeast exerts anti-skin cancer activity, suggesting its possible use for treatment of human skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elwakkad
- Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mamdooh Ghoneum
- Department of Surgery, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Saadia Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Deyu Pan
- Department of social and preventive medicine, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ghada Mahmoud Elqattan
- Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt, Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petkova R, Chakarov S. The final checkpoint. Cancer as an adaptive evolutionary mechanism. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1152163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rumena Petkova
- Scientific Technological Service (STS), Ltd., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Chakarov
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridsky”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Seo HS, Choi HS, Kim SR, Choi YK, Woo SM, Shin I, Woo JK, Park SY, Shin YC, Ko SG, Ko SK. Apigenin induces apoptosis via extrinsic pathway, inducing p53 and inhibiting STAT3 and NFκB signaling in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 366:319-34. [PMID: 22527937 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are known to prevent tumor induction. But their molecular mechanisms of action are still unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of apigenin on proliferation and apoptosis in HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. In our experiments, apigenin inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. This growth inhibition was accompanied with an increase of sub G(0)/G(1) apoptotic fractions. Overexpression of HER2 did not confer resistance to apigenin in MCF-7 cells. Apigenin-induced extrinsic apoptosis pathway up-regulating the levels of cleaved caspase-8, and inducing the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, whereas apigenin did not induce apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway since this compound did not decrease mitochondrial membrane potential maintaining red fluorescence and did not affect the levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein. Moreover, apigenin reduced the tyrosine phosphorylation of HER2 (phospho-HER2 level) in MCF-7 HER2 cells, and up-regulated the levels of p53, phospho-p53 and p21 in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. This suggests that apigenin induces apoptosis through p53-dependent pathway. Apigenin also reduced the expression of phospho-JAK1 and phospho-STAT3 and decreased STAT3-dependent luciferase reporter gene activity in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. Apigenin decreased the phosphorylation level of IκBα in the cytosol, and abrogated the nuclear translocation of p65 within the nucleus suggesting that it blocks the activation of NFκB signaling pathway in MCF-7 vec and MCF-7 HER2 cells. Our study indicates that apigenin could be a potential useful compound to prevent or treat HER2-overexpressing breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sook Seo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Pharmacogenomics and Center for Clinical Research and Genomics, Institute of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|