Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation for Some New Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives for Anticancer Activity

Exploring acetaminophen prodrugs and hybrids: a review

This critical review highlights the advances in developing new molecules for treating pain syndrome, an important issue for human health. Acetaminophen (APAP, known as paracetamol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in clinical practice despite their adverse effects. Research is being conducted to develop innovative drugs with improved pharmaceutical properties to mitigate these effects. A more practical way to achieve that is to study well-known and time-tested drugs in their molecular combinations. Accordingly, the present work explores APAP and their combined chemical entities, i.e., prodrugs (soft drugs), codrugs (mutual prodrugs), and hybrids. Due to their molecular structure, APAP prodrugs or codrugs could be considered merged or conjugated hybrids; all these names are very fluid terms. This article proposed a structural classification of these entities to better analyze their advances. So, the following: carrier-linked O-modified APAP, -linked N-modified APAP derivatives (prodrugs), and direct- and spacer-N,O-linked APAP hybrids (codrugs) are the central parts of this review and are examined, especially ester and amide NSAID-APAP molecules. The C-linked APAP and nitric oxide (NO)-releasing APAP hybrids were also briefly discussed. Prime examples of APAP-based drugs such as propacetamol, benorylate, acetaminosalol, nitroparacetamol, and agent JNJ-10450232 weave well into this classification. The proposed classification is the first and original, giving a better understanding of the SAR studies for new pain relievers research and the design development for the analgesic APAP-(or NSAID)-based compounds.

Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and in Silico Studies of 1,4-Dihydropyridines

An efficient 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis under mild conditions has been developed. Numerous substrates were tested, with yields of 1,4-dihydropridines ranging from good to excellent and a wide range of functional group tolerance. A549, HT-29, and HepG2 cancer cells were used to investigate the anticancer efficacy of each of the produced compounds. Additionally, in-silico docking studies were conducted to understand the structure-based features of the anticancer mechanism with the cancer medication target of Adenosine A2A receptor as well as the molecular level interactions of the compounds.

Biological activity of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives: A systematic review

Dihydropyrimidinones are heterocycles with a pyrimidine moiety in the ring nucleus, which, in recent decades, have aroused interest in medicinal chemistry due to alleged versatile biological activity. In this systematic review, we describe the currently published activities of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. Between 1990 and December 31st, 2016, 115 articles outlined biological activities or toxicity of DHPM derivatives, 12 of those involved in vivo experiments. The main activities associated with this class of compounds are antitumoral (43 articles), anti-inflammatory (12 articles), antibacterial (20 articles) and calcium channel antagonism/inhibition (14 articles). Antitumoral activity is the main biological property evaluated, since the main representative compound of this class (monastrol) is a known Eg5 kinesin inhibitor. This review depicts a variety of other pharmacological activities associated with DHPM derivatives, but the main findings are essentially in vitro characteristics of the substances. This review presents the current state of the art of DHPM biological activities and demonstrates that there is still a need for further in vivo studies to better delineate the pharmacological potential of this class of substances.