1
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Di Bello E, Sian V, Bontempi G, Zwergel C, Fioravanti R, Noce B, Castiello C, Tomassi S, Corinti D, Passeri D, Pellicciari R, Mercurio C, Varasi M, Altucci L, Tripodi M, Strippoli R, Nebbioso A, Valente S, Mai A. Novel pyridine-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors strongly arrest proliferation, induce apoptosis and modulate miRNAs in cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115022. [PMID: 36549114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After over 30 years of research, the development of HDAC inhibitors led to five FDA/Chinese FDA-approved drugs and many others under clinical or preclinical investigation to treat cancer and non-cancer diseases. Herein, based on our recent development of pyridine-based isomers as HDAC inhibitors, we report a series of novel 5-acylamino-2-pyridylacrylic- and -picolinic hydroxamates and 2'-aminoanilides 5-8 as anticancer agents. The hydroxamate 5d proved to be quite HDAC3/6-selective exhibiting IC50 values of 80 and 11 nM, respectively, whereas the congener 5e behaved as inhibitor of HDAC1-3, -6, -8, and -10 (class I/IIb-selective inhibitor) at nanomolar level. Compound 5e provided a huge antiproliferative activity (nanomolar IC50 values) against both haematological and solid cancer cell lines. In leukaemia U937 cells, the hydroxamate 5d and the 2'-aminoanilide 8f induced remarkable cell death after 48 h, with 76% and 100% pre-G1 phase arrest, respectively, showing a stronger effect with respect to SAHA and MS-275 used as reference compounds. In U937 cells, the highest dose- and time-dependent cytodifferentiation was obtained by the 2'-aminoanilide 8d (up to 35% of CD11c positive/propidium iodide negative cells at 5 μM for 48 h). The same 8d and the hydroxamates 5d and 5e were the most effective in inducing p21 protein expression in the same cell line. Mechanistically, 5d, 5e, 8d and 8f increased mRNA expression of p21, BAX and BAK, downregulated cyclin D1 and BCL-2 and modulated pro- and anti-apoptotic microRNAs towards apoptosis induction. Finally, 5e strongly arrested proliferation in nine different haematological cancer cell lines, with dual-digit nanomolar potency towards MV4-11, Kasumi-1, and NB4, being more potent than mocetinostat, used as reference drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Sian
- Department of Precision Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carola Castiello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Passeri
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, Corciano, 06073, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Mercurio
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy; Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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2
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Noce B, Di Bello E, Zwergel C, Fioravanti R, Valente S, Rotili D, Masotti A, Salik Zeya Ansari M, Trisciuoglio D, Chakrabarti A, Romier C, Robaa D, Sippl W, Jung M, Häberli C, Keiser J, Mai A. Chemically Diverse S. mansoni HDAC8 Inhibitors Reduce Viability in Worm Larval and Adult Stages. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200510. [PMID: 36250286 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 is a reliable target to fight schistosomiasis, and several inhibitors have been reported in the literature up to now. Nevertheless, only a few displayed selectivity over the human deacetylases and some exhibited very low or no activity against parasite larvae and/or adult worms. We report here the in vitro enzyme and biological activity of a small library of HDAC inhibitors from our lab, in many cases exhibiting submicromolar/nanomolar potency against smHDAC8 and diverse degrees of selectivity over hHDAC1 and/or hHDAC6. Such compounds were tested against schistosomula, and a selection of them against the adult forms of S. mansoni, to detect their effect on viability. Some of them showed the highest viability reduction for the larval stage with IC50 values around 1 μM and/or displayed ∼40-50 % activity in adult worms at 10 μM, joined to moderate to no toxicity in human fibroblast MRC-5 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alokta Chakrabarti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 67404, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, 4001, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, 4001, Switzerland
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
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3
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Zwergel C, Di Bello E, Fioravanti R, Conte M, Nebbioso A, Mazzone R, Brosch G, Mercurio C, Varasi M, Altucci L, Valente S, Mai A. Novel Pyridine-Based Hydroxamates and 2'-Aminoanilides as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Biochemical Profile and Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:989-999. [PMID: 33220015 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the N-hydroxy-3-(4-(2-phenylbutanoyl)amino)phenyl)acrylamide (5 b) previously described by us as a HDAC inhibitor, we prepared four aza-analogues, 6-8, 9 b, as regioisomers containing the pyridine nucleus. Preliminary screening against mHDAC1 highlighted the N-hydroxy-5-(2-(2-phenylbutanoyl)amino)pyridyl)acrylamide (9 b) as the most potent inhibitor. Thus, we further developed both pyridylacrylic- and nicotinic-based hydroxamates (9 a, 9 c-f, and 11 a-f) and 2'-aminoanilides (10 a-f and 12 a-f), related to 9 b, to be tested against HDACs. Among them, the nicotinic hydroxamate 11 d displayed sub-nanomolar potency (IC50 : 0.5 nM) and selectivity up to 34 000 times that of HDAC4 and from 100 to 1300 times that of all the other tested HDAC isoforms. The 2'-aminoanilides were class I-selective HDAC inhibitors, generally more potent against HDAC3, with the nicotinic anilide 12 d being the most effective (IC50 HDAC3 =0.113 μM). When tested in U937 leukemia cells, the hydroxamates 9 e, 11 c, and 11 d blocked over 80 % of cells in G2/M phase, whereas the anilides did not alter cell-cycle progress. In the same cell line, the hydroxamate 11 c and the anilide 10 b induced about 30 % apoptosis, and the anilide 12 c displayed about 40 % cytodifferentiation. Finally, the most potent compounds in leukemia cells 9 b, 11 c, 10 b, 10 e, and 12 c were also tested in K562, HCT116, and A549 cancer cells, displaying antiproliferative IC50 values at single-digit to sub-micromolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzone
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ciro Mercurio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Varasi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Academic Drug Discovery, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro, 500185, Rome, Italy
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4
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Cappellacci L, Perinelli DR, Maggi F, Grifantini M, Petrelli R. Recent Progress in Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2449-2493. [PMID: 30332940 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181016163110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a relatively new class of anti-cancer agents that play important roles in epigenetic or non-epigenetic regulation, inducing death, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Recently, their use has been clinically validated in cancer patients resulting in the approval by the FDA of four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, romidepsin, belinostat and panobinostat, used for the treatment of cutaneous/peripheral T-cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Many more HDAC inhibitors are at different stages of clinical development for the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. Also, clinical trials of several HDAC inhibitors for use as anti-cancer drugs (alone or in combination with other anti-cancer therapeutics) are ongoing. In the intensifying efforts to discover new, hopefully, more therapeutically efficacious HDAC inhibitors, molecular modelingbased rational drug design has played an important role. In this review, we summarize four major structural classes of HDAC inhibitors (hydroxamic acid derivatives, aminobenzamide, cyclic peptide and short-chain fatty acids) that are in clinical trials and different computer modeling tools available for their structural modifications as a guide to discover additional HDAC inhibitors with greater therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego R Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Mario Grifantini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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5
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Laws MT, Bonomi RE, Gelovani DJ, Llaniguez J, Lu X, Mangner T, Gelovani JG. Noninvasive quantification of SIRT1 expression-activity and pharmacologic inhibition in a rat model of intracerebral glioma using 2-[ 18F]BzAHA PET/CT/MRI. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa006. [PMID: 32118205 PMCID: PMC7034639 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies demonstrated that glioblastoma multiforme progression and recurrence is linked to epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays an important role in glioma progression, invasion, and treatment response and is a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of 2-[18F]BzAHA for quantitative imaging of SIRT1 expression–activity and monitoring pharmacologic inhibition in a rat model of intracerebral glioma. Methods Sprague Dawley rats bearing 9L (N = 12) intracerebral gliomas were injected with 2-[18F]BzAHA (300–500 µCi/animal i.v.) and dynamic positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed for 60 min. Then, SIRT1 expression in 9L tumors (N = 6) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). Two days later, rats with 9L gliomas were treated either with SIRT1 specific inhibitor EX-527 (5 mg/kg, i.p.; N = 3) or with histone deacetylases class IIa specific inhibitor MC1568 (30 mg/kg, i.p.; N = 3) and 30 min later were injected i.v. with 2-[18F]BzAHA. PET-computerized tomography-magnetic resonance (PET/CT/MR) images acquired after EX-527 and MC1568 treatments were co-registered with baseline images. Results Standard uptake values (SUVs) of 2-[18F]BzAHA in 9L tumors measured at 20 min post-radiotracer administration were 1.11 ± 0.058 and had a tumor-to-brainstem SUV ratio of 2.73 ± 0.141. IF of 9L gliomas revealed heterogeneous upregulation of SIRT1, especially in hypoxic and peri-necrotic regions. Significant reduction in 2-[18F]BzAHA SUV and distribution volume in 9L tumors was observed after administration of EX-527, but not MC1568. Conclusions PET/CT/MRI with 2-[18F]BzAHA can facilitate studies to elucidate the roles of SIRT1 in gliomagenesis and progression, as well as to optimize therapeutic doses of novel SIRT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T Laws
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robin E Bonomi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David J Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy Llaniguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Mangner
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Juri G Gelovani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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6
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Ferreira GM, Magalhães JGD, Maltarollo VG, Kronenberger T, Ganesan A, Emery FDS, Trossini GHG. QSAR studies on the human sirtuin 2 inhibition by non-covalent 7,5,2-anilinobenzamide derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:354-363. [PMID: 30789810 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1574603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 is a key enzyme in gene expression regulation that is often associated with tumor proliferation control and therefore is a relevant anticancer drug target. Anilinobenzamide derivatives have been discussed as selective sirtuin 2 inhibitors and can be developed further. In the present study, hologram and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR and 3D-QSAR) analyses were employed for determining structural contributions of a compound series containing human sirtuin-2-selective inhibitors that were then correlated with structural data from the literature. The final QSAR models were robust and predictive according to statistical validation (q2 and r2pred values higher than 0.85 and 0.75, respectively) and could be employed further to generate fragment contribution and contour maps. 3D-QSAR models together with information about the chemical properties of sirtuin 2 inhibitors can be useful for designing novel bioactive ligands.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arasu Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Flávio da Silva Emery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Gaur V, Connor T, Sanigorski A, Martin S, Bruce C, Henstridge D, Bond S, McEwen K, Kerr-Bayles L, Ashton T, Fleming C, Wu M, Pike Winer L, Chen D, Hudson G, Schwabe J, Baar K, Febbraio M, Gregorevic P, Pfeffer F, Walder K, Hargreaves M, McGee S. Disruption of the Class IIa HDAC Corepressor Complex Increases Energy Expenditure and Lipid Oxidation. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2802-2810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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8
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Di Liddo R, Valente S, Taurone S, Zwergel C, Marrocco B, Turchetta R, Conconi MT, Scarpa C, Bertalot T, Schrenk S, Mai A, Artico M. Histone deacetylase inhibitors restore IL-10 expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced cell inflammation and reduce IL-1β and IL-6 production in breast silicone implant in C57BL/6J wild-type murine model. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:155-165. [PMID: 26789595 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1134510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among epigenetic enzymes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are responsible for regulating the expression of an extensive array of genes by reversible deacetylation of nuclear histones as well as a large number of non-histone proteins. Initially proposed for cancer therapy, recently the interest for HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) as orally active, safe, and anti-inflammatory agents is rising due to their ability in reducing the severity of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In particular, selective HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8 inhibitors have been described to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, and IL-6). Herein, using KB31, C2C12, and 3T3-J2 cell lines, we demonstrated that, under lipopolysaccharide-induced in vitro inflammation, HDAC3/6/8 inhibitor MC2625 and HDAC6-selective inhibitor MC2780 were effective at a concentration of 30 ng/mL to downregulate mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and to promote the transcription of IL-10 gene, without affecting the cell viability. Afterwards, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the activity of MC2625 and MC2780 at a concentration of 60 ng/kg animal weight to regulate silicone-triggered immune response in C57BL/6J female mice. Our findings evidenced the ability of such inhibitors to reduce host inflammation in silicone implants promoting a thickness reduction of peri-implant fibrous capsule, upregulating IL-10 expression, and reducing the production of both IL-1β and IL-6. These results underline the potential application of MC2625 and MC2780 in inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- Dipartimento Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Biagina Marrocco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosaria Turchetta
- Dipartimento Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Scarpa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Clinica di Chirurgia Plastica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, and
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra Schrenk
- Dipartimento Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Dipartimento Organi di Senso, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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9
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Di Pompo G, Salerno M, Rotili D, Valente S, Zwergel C, Avnet S, Lattanzi G, Baldini N, Mai A. Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Induce Growth Arrest, Apoptosis, and Differentiation in Sarcoma Cancer Stem Cells. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4073-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic
Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Orthopaedic
Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic
Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Institute
of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna IOR, National Research Council of Italy, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic
Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department
of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le
A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur
Institute—Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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10
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Chen JW, Wu QH, Rowley DC, Al-Kareef AMQ, Wang H. Anticancer agent-based marine natural products and related compounds. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:199-216. [PMID: 25559315 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.996140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine natural products constitute a huge reservoir of anticancer agents. Consequently during the past decades, several marine anticancer compounds have been isolated, identified, and approved for anticancer treatment or are under trials. In this article the sources, structure, bioactivities, mode of actions, and analogs of some promising marine and derived anticancer compounds have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Chen
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P.R. China
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11
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Valente S, Trisciuoglio D, Tardugno M, Benedetti R, Labella D, Secci D, Mercurio C, Boggio R, Tomassi S, Di Maro S, Novellino E, Altucci L, Del Bufalo D, Mai A, Cosconati S. tert-Butylcarbamate-containing histone deacetylase inhibitors: apoptosis induction, cytodifferentiation, and antiproliferative activities in cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:800-11. [PMID: 23526814 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report novel pyrrole- and benzene-based hydroxamates (8, 10) and 2'-aminoanilides (9, 11) bearing the tert-butylcarbamate group at the CAP moiety as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Compounds 8 b and 10 c selectively inhibited HDAC6 at the nanomolar level, whereas the other hydroxamates effected an increase in acetyl-α-tubulin levels in human acute myeloid leukemia U937 cells. In the same cell line, compounds 8 b and 10 c elicited 18.4 and 21.4 % apoptosis, respectively (SAHA: 16.9 %), and the pyrrole anilide 9 c displayed the highest cytodifferentiating effect (90.9 %). In tests against a wide range of various cancer cell lines to determine its antiproliferative effects, compound 10 c exhibited growth inhibition from sub-micromolar (neuroblastoma LAN-5 and SH-SY5Y cells, chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells) to low-micromolar (lung H1299 and A549, colon HCT116 and HT29 cancer cells) concentrations. In HT29 cells, 10 c increased histone H3 acetylation, and decreased the colony-forming potential of the cancer cells by up to 60 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valente
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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12
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Trials with 'epigenetic' drugs: an update. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:657-82. [PMID: 23103179 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of pivotal genes involved in correct cell growth is a hallmark of human pathologies, in particular cancer. These epigenetic mechanisms, including crosstalk between DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression and are associated with disease progression. In contrast to genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are potentially reversible. Re-expression of genes epigenetically inactivated can result in the suppression of disease state or sensitization to specific therapies. Small molecules that reverse epigenetic inactivation, so-called epi-drugs, are now undergoing clinical trials. Accordingly, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for cancer treatment have approved some of these drugs. Here, we focus on the biological features of epigenetic molecules, analyzing the mechanism(s) of action and their current use in clinical practice.
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13
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Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat) was the first of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) to be entered as therapy for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Since then, a number of HDACi belonging to the short-chain fatty acid, hydroxamate, cyclic peptide or benzamide classes have been investigated in Phase II or III clinical trials (alone or in combination) for the treatment of many kinds of tumors. In addition, HDACi can be useful in antimalarial and antifungal therapies, and can reactivate HIV-1 expression in latent cellular reservoirs, thus suggesting that they could be used in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy. Moreover, they have also proved their efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. In particular, a new series of bis-anilides demonstrating a peculiar mechanism of action displayed highly beneficial effects against Huntington's disease and Friedreich's ataxia. In addition, a number of sirtuin inhibitors demonstrated antiproliferative effects in cell assays as well as in mouse tumor models, thus suggesting a role of such compounds in therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the SIRT2-selective AGK-2 has been reported to have protective effects against Parkinson's disease, and resveratrol and other sirtuin activators can be useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mai
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Drug Chemistry and Technologies Department, University of Rome Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Dell'Aversana C, Lepore I, Altucci L. HDAC modulation and cell death in the clinic. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1229-44. [PMID: 22336671 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are two opposing classes of enzymes, which finely regulate the balance of histone acetylation affecting chromatin packaging and gene expression. Imbalanced acetylation has been associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In contrast to genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are potentially reversible. This implies that epigenetic alterations are amenable to pharmacological interventions. Accordingly, some epigenetic-based drugs (epidrugs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for cancer treatment. Here, we focus on the biological features of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis), analyzing the mechanism(s) of action and their current use in clinical practice.
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15
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Valente S, Conte M, Tardugno M, Nebbioso A, Tinari G, Altucci L, Mai A. Developing novel non-hydroxamate histone deacetylaseinhibitors: the chelidamic warhead. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dimethyl 4-hydroxypyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate is a valuable scaffold for HDAC inhibitor design as a replacement of the well-known hydroxamate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valente
- Istituto Pasteur–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- Roma
- Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Maria Tardugno
- Istituto Pasteur–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- Roma
- Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Gabriella Tinari
- Istituto Pasteur–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- Roma
- Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Patologia Generale
- Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli
- Napoli
- Italy
- CNR-IGB
| | - Antonello Mai
- Istituto Pasteur–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- Roma
- Italy
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16
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Valente S, Tardugno M, Conte M, Cirilli R, Perrone A, Ragno R, Simeoni S, Tramontano A, Massa S, Nebbioso A, Miceli M, Franci G, Brosch G, Altucci L, Mai A. Novel cinnamyl hydroxyamides and 2-aminoanilides as histone deacetylase inhibitors: apoptotic induction and cytodifferentiation activity. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:698-712. [PMID: 21374822 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Four novel series of cinnamyl-containing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors 1-4 are described, containing hydroxamate (1 and 3) or 2-aminoanilide (2 and 4) derivatives. When screened against class I (maize HD1-B and human HDAC1) and class II (maize HD1-A and human HDAC4) HDACs, most hydroxamates and 2-aminoanilides displayed potent and selective inhibition toward class I enzymes. Immunoblotting analyses performed in U937 leukemia cells generally revealed high acetyl-H3 and low acetyl-α-tubulin levels. Exceptions are compounds 3 f-i, 3 m-o, and 4 k, which showed higher tubulin acetylation than SAHA. In U937 cells, cell-cycle blockade in either the G₂/M or G₁/S phase was observed with 1-4. Five hydroxamates (compounds 1 h-l) effected a two- to greater than threefold greater percent apoptosis than SAHA, and in the CD11c cytodifferentiation test some 2-aminoanilides belonging to both series 2 and 4 were more active than MS-275. The highest-scoring derivatives in terms of apoptosis (1 k, 1 l) or cytodifferentiation (2 c, 4 n) also showed antiproliferative activity in U937 cells, thus representing valuable tools for study in other cancer contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Valente
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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17
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Pontiki E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). Structure--activity relationships: history and new QSAR perspectives. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:1-165. [PMID: 20162725 DOI: 10.1002/med.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition is a recent, clinically validated therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) block angiogenesis, arrest cell growth, and lead to differentiation and apoptosis in tumor cells. In this article, a survey of published quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) studies are presented and discussed in the hope of identifying the structural determinants for anticancer activity. Secondly a two-dimensional QSAR study was carried out on biological results derived from various types of HDACIs and from different assays using the C-QSAR program of Biobyte. The QSAR analysis presented here is an attempt to organize the knowledge on the HDACIs with the purpose of designing new chemical entities with enhanced inhibitory potencies and to study the mechanism of action of the compounds. This study revealed that lipophilicity is one of the most important determinants of activity. Additionally, steric factors such as the overall molar refractivity (CMR), molar volume (MgVol), the substituent's molar refractivity (MR) (linear or parabola), or the sterimol parameters B(1) and L are important. Electronic parameters indicated as σ(p), are found to be present only in one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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18
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Kazantsev AG, Thompson LM. Therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors for central nervous system disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:854-68. [PMID: 18827828 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs)--enzymes that affect the acetylation status of histones and other important cellular proteins--have been recognized as potentially useful therapeutic targets for a broad range of human disorders. Pharmacological manipulations using small-molecule HDAC inhibitors--which may restore transcriptional balance to neurons, modulate cytoskeletal function, affect immune responses and enhance protein degradation pathways--have been beneficial in various experimental models of brain diseases. Although mounting data predict a therapeutic benefit for HDAC-based therapy, drug discovery and development of clinical candidates face significant challenges. Here, we summarize the current state of development of HDAC therapeutics and their application for the treatment of human brain disorders such as Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, Rett syndrome, Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's disease and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey G Kazantsev
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129-4404, USA.
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19
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Novel uracil-based 2-aminoanilide and 2-aminoanilide-like derivatives: Histone deacetylase inhibition and in-cell activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2530-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Mai A, Cheng D, Bedford MT, Valente S, Nebbioso A, Perrone A, Brosch G, Sbardella G, De Bellis F, Miceli M, Altucci L. epigenetic multiple ligands: mixed histone/protein methyltransferase, acetyltransferase, and class III deacetylase (sirtuin) inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:2279-90. [PMID: 18348515 DOI: 10.1021/jm701595q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of new compounds bearing two ortho-bromo- and ortho, ortho-dibromophenol moieties linked through a saturated/unsaturated, linear/(poly)cyclic spacer (compounds 1- 9) were prepared as simplified analogues of AMI-5 (eosin), a recently reported inhibitor of both protein arginine and histone lysine methyltransferases (PRMTs and HKMTs). Such compounds were tested against a panel of PRMTs (RmtA, PRMT1, and CARM1) and against human SET7 (a HKMT), using histone and nonhistone proteins as a substrate. They were also screened against HAT and SIRTs, because they are structurally related to some HAT and/or SIRT modulators. From the inhibitory data, some of tested compounds ( 1b, 1c, 4b, 4f, 4j, 4l, 7b, and 7f) were able to inhibit PRMTs, HKMT, HAT, and SIRTs with similar potency, thus behaving as multiple ligands for these epigenetic targets (epi-MLs). When tested on the human leukemia U937 cell line, the epi-MLs induced high apoptosis levels [i.e., 40.7% ( 4l) and 42.6% ( 7b)] and/or massive, dose-dependent cytodifferentiation [i.e., 95.2% ( 1c) and 96.1% ( 4j)], whereas the single-target inhibitors eosin, curcumin, and sirtinol were ineffective or showed a weak effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mai
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Mai A, Rotili D, Massa S, Brosch G, Simonetti G, Passariello C, Palamara AT. Discovery of uracil-based histone deacetylase inhibitors able to reduce acquired antifungal resistance and trailing growth in Candida albicans. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1221-5. [PMID: 17196388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, acquired drug resistance has not been associated with plasmids or other transferable elements, but it is thought to involve primarily mutations and genetic or epigenetic phenomena. This prompted us to test some histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) from our library, in combination with fluconazole, against C. albicans strains in vitro. Among the tested compounds, the two chloro-containing uracil-hydroxamates 1c and 1d showed a strong reduction of the MIC values on Candida strains that show the trailing growth effect. In this assay, 1c,d were more potent than SAHA, a well-known HDAC inhibitor, in reducing the Candida growth. More interestingly, 1c,d as well as SAHA were able to inhibit the fluconazole-induced resistance induction in Candida cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mai
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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22
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Mai A, Massa S, Rotili D, Pezzi R, Bottoni P, Scatena R, Meraner J, Brosch G. Exploring the connection unit in the HDAC inhibitor pharmacophore model: Novel uracil-based hydroxamates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4656-61. [PMID: 16165353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the pharmacophore model for HDAC inhibitor design, a novel series of hydroxamates bearing a uracil moiety as connecting unit (CU) has been prepared and tested. Almost all compounds exhibited HDAC inhibiting activity at low nanomolar concentrations, the N-hydroxy-6-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-benzyl- and -6-phenyl-2-pyrimidinylthio)hexanamides 1d and 1l being more potent than SAHA in enzymatic assays. Such compounds also caused hyperacetylation in NIH3T3 cell core histones and were endowed with interesting antiproliferative and cytodifferentiating effects in human leukemia (HL-60) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Mai
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Studi Farmaceutici, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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