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Verma A, Waiker DK, Singh N, Singh A, Saraf P, Bhardwaj B, Kumar P, Krishnamurthy S, Srikrishna S, Shrivastava SK. Lead optimization based design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as multi-targeting agents for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116450. [PMID: 38701714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The complexity and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have driven us to further explore quinazoline scaffolds as multi-targeting agents for AD treatment. The lead optimization strategy was utilized in designing of new series of derivatives (AK-1 to AK-14) followed by synthesis, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation against human cholinesterase's (hChE) and β-secretase (hBACE-1) enzymes. Amongst them, compounds AK-1, AK-2, and AK-3 showed good and significant inhibitory activity against both hAChE and hBACE-1 enzymes with favorable permeation across the blood-brain barrier. The most active compound AK-2 revealed significant propidium iodide (PI) displacement from the AChE-PAS region and was non-neurotoxic against SH-SY5Y cell lines. The lead molecule (AK-2) also showed Aβ aggregation inhibition in a self- and AChE-induced Aβ aggregation, Thioflavin-T assay. Further, compound AK-2 significantly ameliorated Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in the Aβ-induced Morris water maze rat model and demonstrated a significant rescue in eye phenotype in the Aꞵ-phenotypic drosophila model of AD. Ex-vivo immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis on hippocampal rat brains showed reduced Aβ and BACE-1 protein levels. Compound AK-2 suggested good oral absorption via pharmacokinetic studies and displayed a good and stable ligand-protein interaction in in-silico molecular modeling analysis. Thus, the compound AK-2 can be regarded as a lead molecule and should be investigated further for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Abhinav Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Sushant Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Exploring the multi-target enzyme inhibition potential of new sulfonamido-thiazoline derivatives; Synthesis and computational studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Haghighijoo Z, Zamani L, Moosavi F, Emami S. Therapeutic potential of quinazoline derivatives for Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113949. [PMID: 34742016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolines are considered as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with broad properties. Particularly, the quinazoline scaffold has an impressive role in the design and synthesis of new CNS-active drugs. The drug-like properties and pharmacological characteristics of quinazoline could lead to different drugs with various targets. Among CNS disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with memory loss, cognitive decline and language dysfunction. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease therefore, the need for finding multi-target drugs against this devastative disease is urgent. A literature survey revealed that quinazoline derivatives have diverse therapeutic potential for AD as modulators/inhibitors of β-amyloid, tau protein, cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and phosphodiesterases as well as other protective effects. Thus, we describe here the most relevant and recent studies about anti-AD agents with quinazoline structure which can further aid the development and discovery of new anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghighijoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Verma A, Kumar Waiker D, Bhardwaj B, Saraf P, Shrivastava SK. The molecular mechanism, targets, and novel molecules in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105562. [PMID: 34952243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological illness that causes dementia mainly in the elderly. The challenging obstacles related to AD has freaked global healthcare system to encourage scientists in developing novel therapeutic startegies to overcome with the fatal disease. The current treatment therapy of AD provides only symptomatic relief and to some extent disease-modifying effects. The current approach for AD treatment involves designing of cholinergic inhibitors, Aβ disaggregation inducing agents, tau inhibitors and several antioxidants. Hence, extensive research on AD therapy urgently requires a deep understanding of its pathophysiology and exploration of various chemical scaffolds to design and develop a potential drug candidate for the treatment. Various issues linked between disease and therapy need to be considered such as BBB penetration capability, clinical failure and multifaceted pathophisiology requires a proper attention to develop a lead candidate. This review article covers all probable mechanisms including one of the recent areas for investigation i.e., lipid dyshomeostasis, pathogenic involvement of P. gingivalis and neurovascular dysfunction, recently reported molecules and drugs under clinical investigations and approved by FDA for AD treatment. Our summarized information on AD will attract the researchers to understand and explore current status and structural modifications of the recently reported heterocyclic derivatives in drug development for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Verma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Digambar Kumar Waiker
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Bhagwati Bhardwaj
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Poorvi Saraf
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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Abstract
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a serine hydrolase whose primary function is to degrade acetylcholine (ACh) and terminate neurotransmission. Apart from its role in synaptic transmission, AChE has several "non-classical" functions in non-neuronal cells. AChE is involved in cellular growth, apoptosis, drug resistance pathways, response to stress signals and inflammation. The observation that the functional activity of AChE is altered in human tumors (relative to adjacent matched normal tissue) has raised several intriguing questions about its role in the pathophysiology of human cancers. Published reports show that AChE is a vital regulator of oncogenic signaling pathways involving proliferation, differentiation, cell-cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis of primary tumors. The objective of this book chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions of the AChE-signaling pathway in the growth of progression of human cancers. The AChE isoforms, AChE-T, AChE-R and AChE-S are robustly expressed in human cancer cell lines as well in human tumors (isolated from patients). Traditionally, AChE-modulators have been used in the clinic for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging studies reveal that these drugs could be repurposed for the treatment of human cancers. The discovery of potent, selective AChE ligands will provide new knowledge about AChE-regulatory pathways in human cancers and foster the hope of novel therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Richbart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Justin C Merritt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Nicholas A Nolan
- West Virginia University Medical School, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States.
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New synthetic 1,2,4-triazole derivatives: Cholinesterase inhibition and molecular docking studies. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Narasimhamurthy KH, Chandra, Swaroop TR, Jagadish S, Rangappa KS. Synthesis of Piperidine Conjugated Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and their Antiproliferative Activity, Molecular Docking Studies and DFT Calculations. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190613120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Xanthatin, fluoropyrimidine and thienopyrimidine, pyrazolopyrimidine,
pyrimidine carboxamides, and SKLB1002 are reported as VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Recently, many studies related to different heterocycles conjugated with dihydroquinazolinones are
known to have very good biological activities. In this study, we are intended to explore the cytotoxic
studies of piperidine conjugated dihydroquinazolinones against colorectal/colon cancer cell lines and
along with molecular docking studies and DFT calculations.
Methods:
The colorectal/colon cell lines HCT116 and A549 cell lines were treated with these
compounds and cytotoxic activities were evaluated by MTT dye uptake method. We performed
molecular modelling for compound 3d using the Auto Dock software. The binding of compound 3d
with target proteins was studied with the collection of experimentally determined PDB database.
Optimized geometry by DFT calculations was performed with B3LYP/6-31G (d) basis set.
Results:
Piperidine-conjugated dihydroquinazolinone analogues displayed anticancer activity.
Particularly, the compound 3d with electron-withdrawing substituents on a phenyl ring showed
significant cytotoxicity against HCT116 and A549 cell lines. Molecular docking studies proved that
the compound 3d has good fitting by forming hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues at the active
sites of VEGFR2. The HOMO, LUMO, their energies and UV visible spectrum were predicted using
DFT calculations.
Conclusion:
Four piperidine-conjugated dihydroquinazolinones were synthesized and evaluated
against colorectal and colon cancer cell lines. Compound 3d significantly inhibited the growth of
HCT116 and A549. Molecular docking studies displayed good fitting of compound 3d by forming
different H-bonds with the amino acid at the active sites of the VEGFR2 target. Using a theoretical
approach, we optimized HOMO and LUMO plots for the compound 3d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandra
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 570008, India
| | | | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, India
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Devkota S, Lee H, Kim SH, Lee YR. Direct Construction of Diverse Polyheterocycles Bearing Pyrrolidinediones via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade C−H Activation/Spirocyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreedhar Devkota
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Ha‐Jin Lee
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute 150 Bugahyun-ro, Seoudaemun-gu Seoul 03759 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research DivisionDaegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins required for the uptake of choline (choline transporter 1, choline transporter-like proteins) synthesis of ACh (choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyltransferase), transport of ACh (vesicular acetylcholine transport, OCTs, OCTNs) and degradation of ACh (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). The released ACh binds back to nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic receptors on lung cancer cells to accelerate their proliferation, migration and invasion. Out of all components of the cholinergic pathway, the nAChR-signaling has been studied the most intensely. The reason for this trend is due to genome-wide data studies showing that nicotinic receptor subtypes are involved in lung cancer risk, the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk as well as the rising popularity of electronic cigarettes considered by many as a "safe" alternative to smoking. There are a small number of articles which review the contribution of the other cholinergic proteins in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. The primary objective of this review article is to discuss the function of the acetylcholine-signaling proteins in the progression of lung cancer. The investigation of the role of cholinergic network in lung cancer will pave the way to novel molecular targets and drugs in this lethal malignancy.
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Gálvez J, Polo S, Insuasty B, Gutiérrez M, Cáceres D, Alzate-Morales JH, De-la-Torre P, Quiroga J. Design, facile synthesis, and evaluation of novel spiro- and pyrazolo[1,5-c]quinazolines as cholinesterase inhibitors: Molecular docking and MM/GBSA studies. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 74:218-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chigurupati S, Selvaraj M, Mani V, Mohammad JI, Selvarajan KK, Akhtar SS, Marikannan M, Raj S, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Synthesis of azomethines derived from cinnamaldehyde and vanillin: in vitro aetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant and insilico molecular docking studies. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Symmetrical aryl linked bis-iminothiazolidinones as new chemical entities for the inhibition of monoamine oxidases: Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation and molecular modelling analysis. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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