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Byrne AJ, Bright SA, McKeown JP, Bergin A, Twamley B, McElligott AM, Noorani S, Kandwal S, Fayne D, O’Boyle NM, Williams DC, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Nitrovinylanthracenes and Related Compounds in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) and Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL). Molecules 2023; 28:8095. [PMID: 38138584 PMCID: PMC10746112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignancy of the immune B lymphocyte cells and is the most common leukaemia diagnosed in developed countries. In this paper, we report the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of a series of (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes and related nitrostyrene compounds in CLL cell lines and also in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, a rare form of non-Hodgkin's immune B-cell lymphoma. The nitrostyrene scaffold was identified as a lead structure for the development of effective compounds targeting BL and CLL. The series of structurally diverse nitrostyrenes was synthesised via Henry-Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structure of (E)-9-chloro-10-(2-nitrobut-1-en-1-yl)anthracene (19f) and the related 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (30a). The (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes 19a, 19g and 19i-19m were found to elicit potent antiproliferative effects in both BL cell lines EBV-MUTU-1 (chemosensitive) and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant) with >90% inhibition at 10 μM. Selected (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in CLL cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.17 μM (HG-3) and 1.3 μM (PGA-1) for compound 19g. The pro-apoptotic effects of the most potent compounds 19a, 19g, 19i, 19l and 19m were demonstrated in both CLL cell lines HG-3 and PGA-1. The (E)-nitrostyrene and (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene series of compounds offer potential for further development as novel chemotherapeutics for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Byrne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - James. P. McKeown
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Adam Bergin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Anthony M. McElligott
- Discipline of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Sara Noorani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Darren Fayne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
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De Sarlo F, Machetti F. Primary nitro compounds: progress in the synthesis of isoxazoles by condensation with aldehydes or activated ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7255-7266. [PMID: 37646329 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the known strategies directed towards the synthesis of isoxazole derivatives, the reactions of aldehydes with primary nitro compounds deserve a comprehensive treatment, including the historical development as well as the more recent applications. The reactions of aldehydes with primary nitro compounds in a 1 : 2 molar ratio have been shown to lead to isoxazoline-N-oxides or isoxazole derivatives, via β-dinitro derivatives. Several modifications of the process allowed the formation of products bearing substituents at various positions of the heterocyclic ring with control of regioselectivity. Ketones are reported to react with primary nitro compounds, only if activated (β-diketones, α-nitroketones, or strained ketones), to give isoxazole derivatives. Symmetric 2,4-dinitroglutarates formed from aromatic aldehydes and nitroacetate undergo ring closure to form isoxazole derivatives or, according to reaction conditions, 5-hydroxy-6-oxo-4-aryl-6H-1,2-oxazine-3-carboxylates ("oxazinones"), by loss of alcohol instead of water. Isoxazole-4-carbaldehydes are obtained by the reaction of 3-oxetanone with primary nitro compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sarlo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" dell' Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Machetti
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" dell' Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Byrne AJ, Bright SA, McKeown JP, O’Brien JE, Twamley B, Fayne D, Williams DC, Meegan MJ. Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Novel Ethanoanthracenes and Related Compounds to Target Burkitt's Lymphoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13010016. [PMID: 31963567 PMCID: PMC7168933 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas (cancers of the lymphatic system) account for 12% of malignant diseases worldwide. Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in which the cancer starts in the immune B-cells. We report the synthesis and preliminary studies on the antiproliferative activity of a library of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene based compounds structurally related to the antidepressant drug maprotiline against BL cell lines MUTU-1 and DG-75. Structural modifications were achieved by Diels-Alder reaction of the core 9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene with number of dienophiles including maleic anhydride, maleimides, acrylonitrile and benzyne. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds was evaluated in BL cell lines EBV− MUTU-1 and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant). The most potent compounds 13j, 15, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d and 19a displayed IC50 values in the range 0.17–0.38 μM against the BL cell line EBV− MUTU-1 and IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.78 μM against the chemoresistant BL cell line EBV+ DG-75. Compounds 15, 16b and 16c demonstrated potent ROS dependent apoptotic effects on the BL cell lines which were superior to the control drug taxol and showed minimal cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The results suggest that this class of compounds merits further investigation as antiproliferative agents for BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Byrne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (A.J.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (S.A.B.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - James P. McKeown
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (A.J.B.); (J.P.M.)
| | - John E. O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (J.E.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (J.E.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Darren Fayne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (S.A.B.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (S.A.B.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland; (A.J.B.); (J.P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-896-2798; Fax: +353-1-8962793
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