Elik A, Demirbaş A, Altunay N. Experimental design of ligandless sonication-assisted liquid- phases microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for accurate determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from waters and food samples at trace levels.
Food Chem 2022;
371:131138. [PMID:
34555705 DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131138]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, accurate and efficient analytical procedure was developed by ligandless sonication-assisted liquid- phases microextraction based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (SA-LPME-HDES) to trace toxic Pb(II) and Cd(II) in waters and foods. Optimization of the SA-LPME-HDES procedure was carried out by Box-Behnken design. Under optimum conditions, linear ranges for Pb(II) and Cd(II) were 0.8-350 (r2:0.9962) and 1.5-500 µg L-1 (r2: 0.9937), respectively. Relative standard deviations (N = 5, 10 µg L-1) were 1.4% for Pb(II) and 1.6% for Cd(II), respectively. Limits of detection were 0.24, and 0.46 µg L-1, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of two certified reference materials and the results were to be in agreement with the certified values. The SA-LPME-HDES method was successfully applied to tap water, mineral water, river water, well-water, sesame, peanut, eggplant, corn, wheat, soy and cucumber. The SA-LPME-HDES method allows operational simplicity, green, and low cost when compared with some microextraction procedure.
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