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Kuang X, She G, Ma T, Cai W, Zhao J, Liu B, Xu F. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of spinosin: A mini review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:938395. [PMID: 36193419 PMCID: PMC9525219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.938395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinosin, a natural flavone-C-glycoside that is mainly isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa. It exerts the effects to ameliorate the neurological disorders, such as hypnosis effects, improvement of cognitive function, sedation effects, and anxiolytic effects, as well as anti-melanogenic effect, cardioprotective effects, and anti-cancer activity. However, the insufficient basic research, unclear mechanisms, and poor bioavailability may limit the prospects of spinosin in clinical utilization. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the latest information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and NMR characteristic of spinosin, to evaluate its potential therapeutic for clinical application, hoping to provide some rational perspective for the innovative agent development and usage of spinosin in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ganshu She
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanna Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of pharmacy, GuangDong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Fangfang Xu,
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liu, ; Fangfang Xu,
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