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Jahantigh HR, Faezi S, Habibi M, Mahdavi M, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Ahmadi K. The Candidate Antigens to Achieving an Effective Vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020199. [PMID: 35214658 PMCID: PMC8876328 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes various inflammatory local infections, from those of the skin to postinfectious glomerulonephritis. These infections could result in serious threats, putting the life of the patient in danger. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus could lead to dramatic increases in human mortality. Antibiotic resistance would explicate the failure of current antibiotic therapies. So, it is obvious that an effective vaccine against S. aureus infections would significantly reduce costs related to care in hospitals. Bacterial vaccines have important impacts on morbidity and mortality caused by several common pathogens, however, a prophylactic vaccine against staphylococci has not yet been produced. During the last decades, the efforts to develop an S. aureus vaccine have faced two major failures in clinical trials. New strategies for vaccine development against S. aureus has supported the use of multiple antigens, the inclusion of adjuvants, and the focus on various virulence mechanisms. We aimed to present a compressive review of different antigens of S. aureus and also to introduce vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials, from which can help us to choose a suitable and effective candidate for vaccine development against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41937, Iran;
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran 1517964311, Iran
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13164, Iran;
| | - Angela Stufano
- Animal Health and Zoonosis, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 79391, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.R.J.); (K.A.); Tel.: +39-3773827669 (H.R.J.)
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Sharma A, Pal S, Panwar A, Kumar S, Kumar A. In-silico immunoinformatic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 virus for the development of putative vaccine construct. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152134. [PMID: 34474252 PMCID: PMC8404695 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 (CoronaVirus disease 2019) is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2). SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly contagious and affects the human respiratory tract resulting in symptoms such as high fever, body ache, cough, dysfunctions of tastebuds and smelling sense of body. The objective of the present study involves immunoinformatic analysis to predict COVID-19 protein for vaccine construct based on the genomic information SARS-CoV-2 virus. At present, as per WHO estimates, around 133 COVID-19 novel vaccines under development. Three amino acid sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from the NCBI database for the analysis of vaccine construct. This study involves computational and immunoinformatic methods. The Immunoinformatic tools used in the present study are NetCTL server, IFN epitope server, Toxin PRED, BCPred, CTL + HTL + ADJUVANTS + LINKERS, AlgPredserver, VaxiJenserver, ProtParam to predict vaccine construct. The secondary and tertiary structure prediction is done by PSIPRED, I-TASSER, Galaxy refine, prosA + Ramachandran. Finally, docking of the vaccine constructs and ligand was done with the help of Cluspro 2.0. C-ImmSimm webserver to simulate the potential vaccine construct. The present study demonstrated three potential Vaccine constructs for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which were docked with TLR8 (Toll-likereceptor8). Interestingly from these, all constructs one having a high potential for the inhibition effect of the SARS-CoV-2virus. Immunological simulation data shows significant elevated amount of memory B cell; also, the high response was seen in TH(Helper) and TC(cytotoxic) cell population from the vaccine construct proposed in the current study. Hence, these constructs are suitable vaccine candidates that might be useful in developing a novel vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Surinder Pal
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anil Panwar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, Sector 16C, New Delhi 110075, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Komel T, Bosnjak M, Kranjc Brezar S, De Robertis M, Mastrodonato M, Scillitani G, Pesole G, Signori E, Sersa G, Cemazar M. Gene electrotransfer of IL-2 and IL-12 plasmids effectively eradicated murine B16.F10 melanoma. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 141:107843. [PMID: 34139572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become an important approach for treating cancer, and electroporation represents a technology for introducing therapeutic genes into a cell. An example of cancer gene therapy relying on gene electrotransfer is the use of immunomodulatory cytokines, such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) and 12 (IL-12), which directly stimulate immune cells at the tumour site. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of gene electrotransfer with two plasmids encoding IL-2 and IL-12 in vitro and in vivo. Two different pulse protocols, known as EP1 (600 V/cm, 5 ms, 1 Hz, 8 pulses) and EP2 (1300 V/cm, 100 µs, 1 Hz, 8 pulses), were assessed in vitro for application in subsequent in vivo experiments. In the in vivo experiment, gene electrotransfer of pIL-2 and pIL-12 using the EP1 protocol was performed in B16.F10 murine melanoma. Combined treatment of tumours using pIL2 and pIL12 induced significant tumour growth delay and 71% complete tumour regression. Furthermore, in tumours coexpressing IL-2 and IL-12, increased accumulation of dendritic cells and M1 macrophages was obtained along with the activation of proinflammatory signals, resulting in CD4 + and CD8 + T-lymphocyte recruitment and immune memory development in the mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated high antitumour efficacy of combined IL-2 and IL-12 gene electrotransfer protocols in low-immunogenicity murine B16.F10 melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Komel
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Bosnjak
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Kranjc Brezar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M De Robertis
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - M Mastrodonato
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Scillitani
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; National Research Council-Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics, and Molecular Biotechnology (CNR-IBIOM), Via Amendola 122 O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - E Signori
- National Research Council-Institute of Translational Pharmacology (CNR-IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - G Sersa
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI - 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, SI - 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
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4
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Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte elicited therapeutic vaccine candidate targeting cancer against MAGE-A11 carcinogenic protein. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226922. [PMID: 33169789 PMCID: PMC7711063 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a breakthrough approach for cancer treatment and prevention. By exploiting the fact that cancer cells have overexpression of tumor antigens responsible for its growth and progression, which can be identified and removed by boosting the immune system. In silico techniques have provided efficient ways for developing preventive measures to ward off cancer. Herein, we have designed a potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope to elicit a desirable immune response against carcinogenic melanoma-associated antigen-A11. Potent epitope was predicted using reliable algorithms and characterized by advanced computational avenue CABS molecular dynamics simulation, for full flexible binding with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor to large-scale rearrangements of the complex system. Results showed the potent immunogenic construct (KIIDLVHLL), from top epitopes using five algorithms. Molecular docking analyses showed the strong binding of epitope with HLA-A*0201 and androgen receptor with docking score of -780.6 and -641.06 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed strong binding of lead epitope with androgen receptor by involvement of 127 elements through atomic-model study. Full flexibility study showed stable binding of epitope with an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) 2.21 Å and maximum RMSD value of 6.48 Å in optimal cluster density area. The epitope also showed remarkable results with radius of gyration 23.0777 Å, world population coverage of 39.08% by immune epitope database, and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) affinity IC50 value of 2039.65 nm. Moreover, in silico cloning approach confirmed the expression and translation capacity of the construct within a suitable expression vector. The present study paves way for a potential immunogenic construct for prevention of cancer.
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Shabani SH, Kardani K, Milani A, Bolhassani A. In Silico and in Vivo Analysis of HIV-1 Rev Regulatory Protein for Evaluation of a Multiepitope-based Vaccine Candidate. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1-28. [PMID: 33416004 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1867163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In silico-designed multiepitope conserved regions of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proteins would be a beneficial strategy for antigen design which induces effective anti-HIV-1 T-cell responses. The conserved multiple HLA-DR-binding epitopes of Rev protein were identified using IEDB MHC-I prediction tools and SYFPEITHI webserver to screen potential T-cell epitopes. We analyzed toxicity, allergenicity, immunogenicity, hemolytic activity, cross-reactivity, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) potency, and molecular docking of the candidate epitopes using several immune-informatics tools. Afterward, we designed a novel multiepitope construct based on non-toxic and non-allergenic Rev, Nef, Gp160 and P24-derived cytotoxic T cell (CTL) and T-helper cell (HTL) epitopes. Next, the designed construct (Nef-Rev-Gp160-P24) was subjected to three B-cell epitope prediction webservers, ProtParam and Protein-Sol to obtain the physicochemical features. Then, the recombinant multiepitope DNA and polypeptide constructs were complexed with different CPPs for nanoparticle formation and pass them via the cell membranes. Finally, the immunogenicity of multiepitope constructs in a variety of modalities was evaluated in mice. The results demonstrated that groups immunized with heterologous DNA+ MPG or HR9 CPP prime/rNef-Rev-Gp160-P24 polypeptide + LDP-NLS CPP boost regimens could significantly produce higher levels of IFN-γ and Granzyme B, and lower amounts of IL-10 than other groups. Moreover, higher levels of IgG2a and IgG2b were observed in all heterologous prime-boost regimens than homologous DNA or polypeptide regimens. Altogether, the present findings indicated that the Nef-Rev-Gp160-P24 polypeptide meets the criteria to be potentially useful as a multiepitope-based vaccine candidate against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh H Shabani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Enayatkhani M, Hasaniazad M, Faezi S, Gouklani H, Davoodian P, Ahmadi N, Einakian MA, Karmostaji A, Ahmadi K. Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against COVID-19: an in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2857-2872. [PMID: 32295479 PMCID: PMC7196925 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1756411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, the causative agent of COVID-19) has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. The disturbing statistics of this infection promoted us to develop an effective vaccine candidate against the COVID-19. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were employed to design and introduce a novel multi-epitope vaccine against 2019-nCoV that can potentially trigger both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses and investigated its biological activities by computational tools. Three known antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein, hereafter called NOM) from the virus were selected and analyzed for prediction of the potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes and then validated using bioinformatics tools. Based on in silico analysis, we have constructed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) with five rich-epitopes domain including highly scored T and B-cell epitopes. After predicting and evaluating of the third structure of the protein candidate, the best 3 D predicted model was applied for docking studies with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and HLA-A*11:01. In the next step, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to evaluate the stability of the designed fusion protein with TLR4 and HLA-A*11:01 receptors. MD studies demonstrated that the NOM-TLR4 and NOM-HLA-A*11:01 docked models were stable during simulation time. In silico evaluation showed that the designed chimeric protein could simultaneously elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Enayatkhani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hasaniazad
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sobhan Faezi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamed Gouklani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Parivash Davoodian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nahid Ahmadi
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Einakian
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Karmostaji
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Ahmadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Xie J, Yang C, Liu Q, Li J, Liang R, Shen C, Zhang Y, Wang K, Liu L, Shezad K, Sullivan M, Xu Y, Shen G, Tao J, Zhu J, Zhang Z. Encapsulation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Peptides into Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Antitumor Immune Response. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701741. [PMID: 28861951 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Codelivery of combinational antigenic peptides and adjuvant to antigen presenting cells is expected to amplify tumor specific T lymphocytes immune responses while minimizing the possibility of tumor escaping and reducing immune tolerance to single antigenic peptide. However, the varied hydrophobicities of these multivariant derived short antigenic peptides limit their codelivery efficiency in conventional delivery systems. Here, a facile yet effective route is presented to generate monodisperse and stable hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) for codelivering of HGP10025-33 and TRP2180-188 , two melanoma-derived peptides with varied hydrophobicities. The HMSNs with large pore size can improve the encapsulation efficiency of both HGP100 and TRP2 after NH2 modification on the inner hollow core and COOH modification in the porous channels. HGP100 and TRP2 loaded HMSNs (HT@HMSNs) are further enveloped within monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant entrapped lipid bilayer (HTM@HMLBs), for improved stability/biocompatibility and codelivery efficiency of multiple peptides, adjuvant, and enhanced antitumor immune responses. HTM@HMLBs increase uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and stimulate DCs maturation efficiently, which further induce the activation of both tumor specific CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, HTM@HMLBs can significantly inhibit tumor growth and lung metastasis in murine melanoma models with good safety profiles. HMSNs enveloped with lipid bilayers (HMLBs) are believed to be a promising platform for codelivery of multiple peptides, adjuvant, and enhancement of antitumor efficacy of conventional vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- Tongji School of Pharmacy and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430030, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chaohua Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Khurram Shezad
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Martin Sullivan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Center for Nanomedicine, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy and National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430030, China
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Designing of Complex Multi-epitope Peptide Vaccine Based on Omps of Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In Silico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-015-9461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y, Javadi G, Khoshnoud MJ, Omidinia E. A novel multi-epitope peptide vaccine against cancer: an in silico approach. J Theor Biol 2014; 349:121-34. [PMID: 24512916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has an outstanding position in cancer prevention and treatment. In this kind of therapy, the immune system is activated to eliminate cancerous cells. Multi-epitope peptide cancer vaccines are manifesting as the next generation of cancer immunotherapy. In the present study, we have implemented various strategies to design an efficient multi-epitope vaccine. CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) epitopes, which have a pivotal role in cellular immune responses, helper epitopes and adjuvant, are three crucial components of peptide vaccine. CTL epitopes were determined from two high immunogenic protein Wilms tumor-1 (WT1) and human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 by various servers, which apply different algorithms. CTL epitopes were linked together by AAY and HEYGAEALERAG motifs to enhance epitope presentation. Pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) peptide sequence and helper epitopes, which have defined from Tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFrC) by various servers, were used to induce CD4+ helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) responses. Additionally, helper epitopes were conjugated together via GPGPG motifs that stimulate HTL immunity. Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin (HBHA), a novel TLR4 agonist was employed as an adjuvant to polarize CD4+ T cells toward T-helper 1 to induce strong CTL responses. Moreover, the EAAAK linker was introduced to N and C terminals of HBHA for efficient separation. 3D model of protein was generated and predicted B cell epitopes were determined from the surface of built structure. Our protein contains several linear and conformational B cell epitopes, which suggests the antibody triggering property of this novel vaccine. Hence, our final protein can be used for prophylactic or therapeutic usages, because it can potentially stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Nezafat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Javadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khoshnoud
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Eskandar Omidinia
- Enzyme Technology Lab., Genetics & Metabolism Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Signori E, Iurescia S, Massi E, Fioretti D, Chiarella P, De Robertis M, Rinaldi M, Tonon G, Fazio VM. DNA vaccination strategies for anti-tumour effective gene therapy protocols. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1583-91. [PMID: 20390416 PMCID: PMC11030090 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
After more than 15 years of experimentation, DNA vaccines have become a promising perspective for tumour diseases, and animal models are widely used to study the biological features of human cancer progression and to test the efficacy of vaccination protocols. In recent years, immunisation with naked plasmid DNA encoding tumour-associated antigens or tumour-specific antigens has revealed a number of advantages: antigen-specific DNA vaccination stimulates both cellular and humoral immune responses; multiple or multi-gene vectors encoding several antigens/determinants and immune-modulatory molecules can be delivered as single administration; DNA vaccination does not induce autoimmune disease in normal animals; DNA vaccines based on plasmid vectors can be produced and tested rapidly and economically. However, DNA vaccines have shown low immunogenicity when tested in human clinical trials, and compared with traditional vaccines, they induce weak immune responses. Therefore, the improvement of vaccine efficacy has become a critical goal in the development of effective DNA vaccination protocols for anti-tumour therapy. Several strategies are taken into account for improving the DNA vaccination efficacy, such as antigen optimisation, use of adjuvants and delivery systems like electroporation, co-expression of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules in the same vector, different vaccination protocols. In this review we discuss how the combination of these approaches may contribute to the development of more effective DNA vaccination protocols for the therapy of lymphoma in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Signori
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Iurescia
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Massi
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioretti
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pieranna Chiarella
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- CNR-Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Via Fosso del Cavaliere100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tonon
- Bio-ker S.r.l., POLARIS, Località Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, Cagliari Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Section of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, PRABB, Centre of Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via A. del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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