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Abstract
Large-scale worldwide production of plastics requires the use of large quantities of fossil fuels, leading to a negative impact on the environment. If the production of plastic continues to increase at the current rate, the industry will account for one fifth of global oil use by 2050. Bioplastics currently represent less than one percent of total plastic produced, but they are expected to increase in the coming years, due to rising demand. The usage of bioplastics would allow the dependence on fossil fuels to be reduced and could represent an opportunity to add some interesting functionalities to the materials. Moreover, the plastics derived from bio-based resources are more carbon-neutral and their manufacture generates a lower amount of greenhouse gasses. The substitution of conventional plastic with renewable plastic will therefore promote a more sustainable economy, society, and environment. Consequently, more and more studies have been focusing on the production of interesting bio-based building blocks for bioplastics. However, a coherent review of the contribution of fermentation technology to a more sustainable plastic production is yet to be carried out. Here, we present the recent advancement in bioplastic production and describe the possible integration of bio-based monomers as renewable precursors. Representative examples of both published and commercial fermentation processes are discussed.
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Yoo JI, Sohn YJ, Son J, Jo SY, Pyo J, Park SK, Choi JI, Joo JC, Kim HT, Park SJ. Recent advances in the microbial production of C4 alcohols by metabolically engineered microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2021; 17:e2000451. [PMID: 33984183 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy global dependence on petroleum-based industries has led to serious environmental problems, including climate change and global warming. As a result, there have been calls for a paradigm shift towards the use of biorefineries, which employ natural and engineered microorganisms that can utilize various carbon sources from renewable resources as host strains for the carbon-neutral production of target products. PURPOSE AND SCOPE C4 alcohols are versatile chemicals that can be used directly as biofuels and bulk chemicals and in the production of value-added materials such as plastics, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. C4 alcohols can be effectively produced by microorganisms using DCEO biotechnology (tools to design, construct, evaluate, and optimize) and metabolic engineering strategies. SUMMARY OF NEW SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the production strategies and various synthetic tools available for the production of C4 alcohols and discuss the potential development of microbial cell factories, including the optimization of fermentation processes, that offer cost competitiveness and potential industrial commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee In Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jung Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Pyo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyeong Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program of Bioenergy and Biomaterials, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Chan Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyenggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Taek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Jae Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Celińska E, Borkowska M, Białas W, Kubiak M, Korpys P, Archacka M, Ledesma-Amaro R, Nicaud JM. Genetic engineering of Ehrlich pathway modulates production of higher alcohols in engineered Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 19:5188678. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Borkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Korpys
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Archacka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60–627 Poznań, Poland
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology and Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Nicaud
- Micalis Institute, INRA-AgroParisTech, UMR1319, Team BIMLip: Integrative Metabolism of Microbial Lipids, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hatti-Kaul R, Chen L, Dishisha T, Enshasy HE. Lactic acid bacteria: from starter cultures to producers of chemicals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5087731. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lu Chen
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81 310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Philp J. The bioeconomy, the challenge of the century for policy makers. N Biotechnol 2018; 40:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coordination of metabolic pathways: Enhanced carbon conservation in 1,3-propanediol production by coupling with optically pure lactate biosynthesis. Metab Eng 2017; 41:102-114. [PMID: 28396036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering has emerged as a powerful tool for bioproduction of both fine and bulk chemicals. The natural coordination among different metabolic pathways contributes to the complexity of metabolic modification, which hampers the development of biorefineries. Herein, the coordination between the oxidative and reductive branches of glycerol metabolism was rearranged in Klebsiella oxytoca to improve the 1,3-propanediol production. After deliberating on the product value, carbon conservation, redox balance, biological compatibility and downstream processing, the lactate-producing pathway was chosen for coupling with the 1,3-propanediol-producing pathway. Then, the other pathways of 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, acetate, and succinate were blocked in sequence, leading to improved d-lactate biosynthesis, which as return drove the 1,3-propanediol production. Meanwhile, efficient co-production of 1,3-propanediol and l-lactate was also achieved by replacing ldhD with ldhL from Bacillus coagulans. The engineered strains PDL-5 and PLL co-produced over 70g/L 1,3-propanediol and over 100g/L optically pure d-lactate and l-lactate, respectively, with high conversion yields of over 0.95mol/mol from glycerol.
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Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for the photosynthetic production of succinate. Metab Eng 2016; 38:483-493. [PMID: 27989804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an important commodity chemical currently used in the food, pharmaceutical, and polymer industries. It can also be chemically converted into other major industrial chemicals such as 1,4-butanediol, butadiene, and tetrahydrofuran. Here we metabolically engineered a model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to photosynthetically produce succinate. We expressed the genes encoding for α-ketoglutarate decarboxylase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase in S. elongatus PCC 7942, resulting in a strain capable of producing 120mg/L of succinate. However, this recombinant strain exhibited severe growth retardation upon induction of the genes encoding for the succinate producing pathway, potentially due to the depletion of α-ketoglutarate. To replenish α-ketoglutarate, we expressed the genes encoding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and citrate synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum into the succinate producing strain. The resulting strain successfully restored the growth phenotype and produced succinate with a titer of 430mg/L in 8 days. These results demonstrated the possibility of photoautotrophic succinate production.
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Przystałowska H, Zeyland J, Szymanowska-Powałowska D, Szalata M, Słomski R, Lipiński D. 1,3-Propanediol production by new recombinant Escherichia coli containing genes from pathogenic bacteria. Microbiol Res 2015; 171:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rupp S. New bioproduction systems: from molecular circuits to novel reactor concepts in cell-free biotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:103-23. [PMID: 23873094 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
: The last decades witnessed a strong growth in several areas of biotechnology, especially in fields related to health, as well as in industrial biotechnology. Advances in molecular engineering now enable biotechnologists to design more efficient pathways in order to convert a larger spectrum of renewable resources into industrially used biofuels and chemicals as well as into new pharmaceuticals and therapeutic proteins. In addition material sciences advanced significantly making it more and more possible to integrate biology and engineering. One of the key questions currently is how to develop new ways of engineering biological systems to cope with the complexity and limitations given by the cell. The options to integrate biology with classical engineering advanced cell free technologies in the recent years significantly. Cell free protein production using cellular extracts is now a well-established universal technology for production of proteins derived from many organisms even at the milligram scale. Among other applications it has the potential to supply the demand for a multitude of enzymes and enzyme variants facilitating in vitro metabolic engineering. This review will briefly address the recent achievements and limitations of cell free conversions. Especially, the requirements for reactor systems in cell free biotechnology, a currently underdeveloped field, are reviewed and some perspectives are given on how material sciences and biotechnology might be able to advance these new developments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rupp
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Fraunhofer IGB, Nobelstr. 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany,
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Rossi DM, de Souza EA, Ayub MAZ. Biodiesel Residual Glycerol Metabolism by Klebsiella pneumoniae: Pool of Metabolites Under Anaerobiosis and Oxygen Limitation as a Function of Feeding Rates. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1952-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pflügl S, Marx H, Mattanovich D, Sauer M. 1,3-Propanediol production from glycerol with Lactobacillus diolivorans. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 119:133-140. [PMID: 22728193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural producer Lactobacillus diolivorans as potential production organism of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol. Different cultivation parameters, such as oxygen supply, feeding-strategy, or medium composition have been tested in batch and fed-batch cultivations. The 1,3-propanediol concentration obtained in batch cultivations was 41.7 g/l. This could be increased to 73.7 g/l in a fed-batch co-feeding glucose and glycerol with a molar ratio of 0.1. Yeast extract as part of the MRS cultivation medium could be replaced by nicotinic acid and riboflavin. Furthermore, the addition of Vitamin B(12) to the culture medium increased production by 15% to a final titer of 84.5 g/l 1,3-propanediol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pflügl
- School of Bioengineering, FH Campus Wien - University of Applied Sciences, Muthgasse 62, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Adkins J, Pugh S, McKenna R, Nielsen DR. Engineering microbial chemical factories to produce renewable "biomonomers". Front Microbiol 2012; 3:313. [PMID: 22969753 PMCID: PMC3430982 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By applying metabolic engineering tools and strategies to engineer synthetic enzyme pathways, the number and diversity of commodity and specialty chemicals that can be derived directly from renewable feedstocks is rapidly and continually expanding. This of course includes a number of monomer building-block chemicals that can be used to produce replacements to many conventional plastic materials. This review aims to highlight numerous recent and important advancements in the microbial production of these so-called "biomonomers." Relative to naturally-occurring renewable bioplastics, biomonomers offer several important advantages, including improved control over the final polymer structure and purity, the ability to synthesize non-natural copolymers, and allowing products to be excreted from cells which ultimately streamlines downstream recovery and purification. To highlight these features, a handful of biomonomers have been selected as illustrative examples of recent works, including polyamide monomers, styrenic vinyls, hydroxyacids, and diols. Where appropriate, examples of their industrial penetration to date and end-product uses are also highlighted. Novel biomonomers such as these are ultimately paving the way toward new classes of renewable bioplastics that possess a broader diversity of properties than ever before possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David R. Nielsen
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
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Misturini Rossi D, Solle D, Hitzmann B, Ayub MAZ. Chemometric modeling and two-dimensional fluorescence analysis of bioprocess with a new strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae to convert residual glycerol into 1,3-propanediol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:701-8. [PMID: 22252443 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to show that the metabolism of Klebsiella pneumoniae under different aeration strategies could be monitored and predicted by the application of chemometric models and fluorescence spectroscopy. Multi-wavelength fluorescence was applied to the on-line monitoring of process parameters for K. pneumoniae cultivations. Differences observed in spectra collected under aerobiosis and anaerobiosis can be explained by the different metabolic states of the cells. To predict process variables such as biomass, glycerol, and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD), chemometric models were developed on the basis of the acquired fluorescence spectra, which were measured continuously. Although glycerol and 1,3-PD are not fluorescent compounds, the results showed that this technique could be successfully applied to the on-line monitoring of variables in order to understand the process and thus improve 1,3-PD production. The root mean square errors of predictions were 0.78 units, 10 g/L, and 2.6 g/L for optical density, glycerol, and 1,3-PD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Misturini Rossi
- Biotechnology & Biochemical Engineering Laboratory-BiotecLab, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, P.O. Box 15090, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil.
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Production of 3-hydroxypropionate homopolymer and poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer by recombinant Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2011; 13:777-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Celińska E. Klebsiella sppas a 1, 3-propanediol producer – the metabolic engineering approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2011; 32:274-88. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2011.616859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liang Q, Zhang H, Li S, Qi Q. Construction of stress-induced metabolic pathway from glucose to 1,3-propanediol in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:57-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Debottlenecking the 1,3-propanediol pathway by metabolic engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:519-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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