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Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes of Sodium Alginate and Montmorillonite Clay. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082139. [PMID: 33917730 PMCID: PMC8068159 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were synthesized using sodium alginate (Alg) and either sodium (SCa-3-Na+)- or lithium (SCa-3-Li+)-modified montmorillonite clays. The samples were characterized by structural, optical, and electrical properties. SCa-3-Na+ and SCa-3-Li+ clays’ X-ray structural analyses revealed peaks at 2θ = 7.2° and 6.7° that corresponded to the interlamellar distances of 12.3 and 12.8 Å, respectively. Alg-based NPEs X-ray diffractograms showed exfoliated structures for samples with low clay percentages. The increase of clay content promoted the formation of intercalated structures. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy revealed that Alg-based NPEs with 5 wt% of SCa-3-Na+ clay presented the highest conductivity of 1.96 × 10−2 S/cm2, and Alg with 10 wt% of SCa-3-Li+ showed conductivity of 1.30 × 10−2 S/cm2, both measured at 70 °C. From UV-Vis spectroscopy, it was possible to infer that increasing concentration of clay promoted a decrease of the samples’ transmittance and, consequently, an increase of their reflectance.
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Isacsson P, Wang X, Fall A, Mengistie D, Calvie E, Granberg H, Gustafsson G, Berggren M, Engquist I. Highly Conducting Nanographite-Filled Paper Fabricated via Standard Papermaking Techniques. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48828-48835. [PMID: 33052660 PMCID: PMC7596752 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly and cost-effective materials and processes to manufacture functional substrates are crucial to further advance the area of printed electronics. One potential key component in the printed electronics platform is an electrically functionalized paper, produced by simply mixing common cellulosic pulp fibers with high-performance electroactive materials. Herein, an electronic paper including nanographite has been prepared using a standardized and scalable papermaking technique. No retention aid was needed to achieve a conducting nanographite loading as high as 50 wt %. The spontaneous retention that provides the integrity and stability of the nanographite paper, likely originates partially from an observed water-stable adhesion of nanographite flakes onto the fiber surfaces. The resulting paper exhibits excellent electrical characteristics, such as an in-plane conductivity of 107 S/cm and an areal capacitance of 9.2 mF/cm2, and was explored as the back-electrode in printed electrochromic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Isacsson
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Xin Wang
- RISE
Digital Systems, Department of Smart
Hardware, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Fall
- RISE
Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Pulp,
Paper and Packaging, 114
86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Desalegn Mengistie
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Emilie Calvie
- Ahlstrom-Munksjö
Research Center, 38140 Apprieu, France
| | - Hjalmar Granberg
- RISE
Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Pulp,
Paper and Packaging, 114
86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Gustafsson
- RISE
Digital Systems, Department of Smart
Hardware, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Isak Engquist
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linkoping University, 601 74 Norrkoping, Sweden
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Enhanced performance of nano-electrocatalysts of Pd and PdCo in neutral and alkaline media. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-018-1258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Elool Dov N, Shankar S, Cohen D, Bendikov T, Rechav K, Shimon LJW, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Electrochromic Metallo-Organic Nanoscale Films: Fabrication, Color Range, and Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11471-11481. [PMID: 28702992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a versatile approach for the formation of electrochromic nanoscale assemblies on transparent conductive oxides on both rigid and flexible substrates. Our method is based on the application of alternating spin-coated layers of well-defined metal polypyridyl complexes and a palladium(II) salt to form electrochemically addressable films with a high chromophore density. By varying the central metal ion of the polypyridyl complexes (Os, Ru, and Fe) and their ligands and by mixing these complexes, coatings with a wide range of colors can be achieved. These coatings cover a large area of RGB color space. The coloration intensities of these nanoscale films can be tuned by the number of deposition steps. The materials have very attractive ON/OFF ratios, electrochemical stabilities, and coloration efficiencies. Reversible color-to-colorless and color-to-color transitions were demonstrated, and the films were further integrated into sandwich cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Elool Dov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sreejith Shankar
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Cohen
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Organic Chemistry and §Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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Assis L, Sabadini R, Santos L, Kanicki J, Łapkowski M, Pawlicka A. Electrochromic device with Prussian blue and HPC-based electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Fernandes M, Leones R, Costa A, Silva M, Pereira S, Mano J, Fortunato E, Rego R, de Zea Bermudez V. Electrochromic devices incorporating biohybrid electrolytes doped with a lithium salt, an ionic liquid or a mixture of both. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ledwon P, Andrade JR, Lapkowski M, Pawlicka A. Hydroxypropyl cellulose-based gel electrolyte for electrochromic devices. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shaplov AS, Ponkratov DO, Aubert PH, Lozinskaya EI, Plesse C, Maziz A, Vlasov PS, Vidal F, Vygodskii YS. Truly solid state electrochromic devices constructed from polymeric ionic liquids as solid electrolytes and electrodes formulated by vapor phase polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lakshmanan R, Raja PP, Shivaprakash NC, Nair SS. Specroelectrochemical, switching kinetics, and chronoamperometric studies of dibenzyl derivative of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) thin-film-based electrochromic device. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Lakshmanan
- Department of Physics; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan 333 031 India
| | - Palani Prabhu Raja
- Department of Physics; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan 333 031 India
| | | | - Sindhu Sukumaran Nair
- Department of Physics; Birla Institute of Technology and Science; Pilani Rajasthan 333 031 India
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Otley MT, Alamer FA, Zhu Y, Singhaviranon A, Zhang X, Li M, Kumar A, Sotzing GA. Acrylated poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) for enhancement of lifetime and optical properties for single-layer electrochromic devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1734-1739. [PMID: 24437552 DOI: 10.1021/am404686w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We utilized our in situ method for the one-step assembly of single-layer electrochromic devices (ECDs) with a 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) acrylate derivative, and long-term stability was achieved. By coupling the electroactive monomer to the cross-linkable polymer matrix, preparation of the electrochromic ProDOT polymer can occur followed by UV cross-linking. Thus, we achieve immobilization of the unreacted monomer, which prevents any degradative processes from occurring at the counter electrode. This approach eliminated spot formation in the device and increased stability to over 10 000 cycles when compared to 500 cycles with conventional ProDOT devices wherein the monomer is not immobilized. The acrylated electrochromic polymer exhibits similar electrochromic properties as conventional ProDOT devices, such as photopic contrast (48% compared to 46%) and switch speed (both 2 s). This method can be applied to any one-layer electrochromic system where improved stability is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Otley
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Physics, and §Polymer Program, University of Connecticut , 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Neto M, Leones R, Sentanin F, Esperança J, Medeiros M, Pawlicka A, Silva M. Ionic liquids for solid-state electrolytes and electrosynthesis. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shaplov AS, Ponkratov DO, Aubert PH, Lozinskaya EI, Plesse C, Vidal F, Vygodskii YS. A first truly all-solid state organic electrochromic device based on polymeric ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3191-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymeric ionic liquids in solvent-free electrochromic devices offers simple application of the latter in wide glazing and display production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Shaplov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis O. Ponkratov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pierre-Henri Aubert
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Elena I. Lozinskaya
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Cédric Plesse
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Vidal
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces (LPPI)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, France
| | - Yakov S. Vygodskii
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences (INEOS RAS)
- 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Thakur VK, Ding G, Ma J, Lee PS, Lu X. Hybrid materials and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic device applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4071-4096. [PMID: 22581710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) materials and polymer electrolytes are the most imperative and active components in an electrochromic device (ECD). EC materials are able to reversibly change their light absorption properties in a certain wavelength range via redox reactions stimulated by low direct current (dc) potentials of the order of a fraction of volts to a few volts. The redox switching may result in a change in color of the EC materials owing to the generation of new or changes in absorption band in visible region, infrared or even microwave region. In ECDs the electrochromic layers need to be incorporated with supportive components such as electrical contacts and ion conducting electrolytes. The electrolytes play an indispensable role as the prime ionic conduction medium between the electrodes of the EC materials. The expected applications of the electrochromism in numerous fields such as reflective-type display and smart windows/mirrors make these materials of prime importance. In this article we have reviewed several examples from our research work as well as from other researchers' work, describing the recent advancements on the materials that exhibit visible electrochromism and polymer electrolytes for electrochromic devices. The first part of the review is centered on nanostructured inorganic and conjugated polymer-based organic-inorganic hybrid EC materials. The emphasis has been to correlate the structures, morphologies and interfacial interactions of the EC materials to their electronic and ionic properties that influence the EC properties with unique advantages. The second part illustrates the perspectives of polymer electrolytes in electrochromic applications with emphasis on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) based polymer electrolytes. The requirements and approaches to optimize the formulation of electrolytes for feasible electrochromic devices have been delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Research Techno Plaza, BorderX Block 50 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, 637553, Singapore
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