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Xie Y, Yue L, Shi Y, Su X, Gan C, Liu H, Xue T, Ye T. Application and Study of ROCK Inhibitors in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4342-4360. [PMID: 36940432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinases (ROCKs), serine/threonine protein kinases, were initially identified as downstream targets of the small GTP-binding protein Rho. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options and a particularly poor prognosis. Interestingly, ROCK activation has been demonstrated in PF patients and in animal PF models, making it a promising target for PF treatment. Many ROCK inhibitors have been discovered, and four of these have been approved for clinical use; however, no ROCK inhibitors are approved for the treatment of PF patients. In this article, we describe ROCK signaling pathways and the structure-activity relationship, potency, selectivity, binding modes, pharmacokinetics (PKs), biological functions, and recently reported inhibitors of ROCKs in the context of PF. We will also focus our attention on the challenges to be addressed when targeting ROCKs and discuss the strategy of ROCK inhibitor use in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xie
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yaojie Shi
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Taixiong Xue
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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AR12286 Alleviates TGF-β-Related Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Reduces Fibrosis after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194422. [PMID: 32993110 PMCID: PMC7583051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation can cause the failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. We investigated the effect of AR12286, a selective Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, on myofibroblast transdifferentiation and intraocular pressure assessment in rabbit glaucoma filtration surgery models. Cell migration and collagen contraction were used to demonstrate the functionality of AR12286-modulated human conjunctival fibroblasts (HConFs). Polymerase chain reaction quantitative analysis was used to determine the effect of AR12286 on the production of collagen Type 1A1 and fibronectin 1. Cell migration and collagen contraction in HConFs were activated by TGF-β1. However, compared with the control group, rabbit models treated with AR12286 exhibited higher reduction in intraocular pressure after filtration surgery, and decreased collagen levels at the wound site in vivo. Therefore, increased α-SMA expression in HConFs induced by TGF-β1 could be inhibited by AR12286, and the production of Type 1A1 collagen and fibronectin 1 in TGF-β1-treated HConFs was inhibited by AR12286. Overall, the stimulation of HConFs by TGF-β1 was alleviated by AR12286, and this effect was mediated by the downregulation of TGF-β receptor-related SMAD signaling pathways. In vivo results indicated that AR12286 thus improves the outcome of filtration surgery as a result of its antifibrotic action in the bleb tissue because AR12286 inhibited the TGF-β receptor-related signaling pathway, suppressing several downstream reactions in myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
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Liu J, Lu Y, Li G, Xiao M, Yang G, Pan Y. Elucidation the binding mechanism of Nelumbo nucifera-derived isoquinoline alkaloids as Rho-kinase 1 inhibitors by molecular docking and dynamic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:379-394. [PMID: 31918633 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1714484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1) is a key molecular target for controlling smooth muscle (SM) contraction in asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, hypertension. Embryos of lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera) are traditional folk herbs widely used in treating various diseases which are closely related to SM contraction. With the aim of explaining the mechanism of embryos of lotus seed, 27 isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from the embryos of lotus seed, the inhibitory activity of these alkaloids against ROCK1 were virtual screened via molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The docking results indicated that 5 bisbenzylisoquinolines (BBIs) and 1 tribenzylisoquinoline (TBI) were potent inhibitors with high binding affinity for both A and B chains of ROCK1 (AcRock and BcRock). The MD results also revealed that neoliensinine (28) was the most potent inhibitor, which was corresponding to the irreversible relaxation effect of neoliensinine on SM. Moreover, through the MD simulation, it also indicated that neoliensinine (28) interacted in its stretched conformation through polar solvation interactions and van der Waal forces. Finally, with the best calculation results, the inhibition effect of neoliensinine (28) on the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and ROCK1 was also confirmed by several biological tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guancong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Feng Y, LoGrasso PV, Defert O, Li R. Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2015; 59:2269-300. [PMID: 26486225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho kinases (ROCKs) belong to the serine-threonine family, the inhibition of which affects the function of many downstream substrates. As such, ROCK inhibitors have potential therapeutic applicability in a wide variety of pathological conditions including asthma, cancer, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, insulin resistance, kidney failure, neuronal degeneration, and osteoporosis. To date, two ROCK inhibitors have been approved for clinical use in Japan (fasudil and ripasudil) and one in China (fasudil). In 1995 fasudil was approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, and more recently, ripasudil was approved for the treatment of glaucoma in 2014. In this Perspective, we present a comprehensive review of the physiological and biological functions for ROCK, the properties and development of over 170 ROCK inhibitors as well as their therapeutic potential, the current status, and future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics , Agoralaan A bis, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rongshi Li
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Green J, Cao J, Bandarage UK, Gao H, Court J, Marhefka C, Jacobs M, Taslimi P, Newsome D, Nakayama T, Shah S, Rodems S. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of Pyridine-Based Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5028-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Green
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jingrong Cao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Huai Gao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John Court
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Craig Marhefka
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Marc Jacobs
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Paul Taslimi
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David Newsome
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tomoko Nakayama
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sundeep Shah
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Steve Rodems
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., 11010 Torreyana Road, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Mishra RK, Alokam R, Singhal SM, Srivathsav G, Sriram D, Kaushik-Basu N, Manvar D, Yogeeswari P. Design of novel rho kinase inhibitors using energy based pharmacophore modeling, shape-based screening, in silico virtual screening, and biological evaluation. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2876-86. [PMID: 25254429 DOI: 10.1021/ci5004703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) plays a key role in regulating a variety of cellular processes, and dysregulation of ROCK signaling or expression is implicated in numerous diseases and infections. ROCK proteins have therefore emerged as validated targets for therapeutic intervention in various pathophysiological conditions such as diabetes-related complications or hepatitis C-associated pathogenesis. In this study, we report on the design and identification of novel ROCK inhibitors utilizing energy based pharmacophores and shape-based approaches. The most potent compound 8 exhibited an IC50 value of 1.5 μM against ROCK kinase activity and inhibited methymercury-induced neurotoxicity of IMR-32 cells at GI50 value of 0.27 μM. Notably, differential scanning fluorometric analysis revealed that ROCK protein complexed with compound 8 with enhanced stability relative to Fasudil, a validated nanomolar range ROCK inhibitor. Furthermore, all compounds exhibited ≥96 μM CC50 (50% cytotoxicity) in Huh7 hepatoma cells, while 6 compounds displayed anti-HCV activity in HCV replicon cells. The identified lead thus constitutes a prototypical molecule for further optimization and development as anti-ROCK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar Mishra
- Computer-Aided Drug Design Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus , Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad-500078, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Rho kinase (ROCK) is a major downstream effector of the small GTPase RhoA. ROCK family, consisting of ROCK1 and ROCK2, plays central roles in the organization of actin cytoskeleton and is involved in a wide range of fundamental cellular functions, such as contraction, adhesion, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Due to the discovery of effective inhibitors, such as fasudil and Y27632, the biological roles of ROCK have been extensively explored with particular attention on the cardiovascular system. In many preclinical models of cardiovascular diseases, including vasospasm, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, stroke, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure, ROCK inhibitors have shown a remarkable efficacy in reducing vascular smooth muscle cell hypercontraction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, vascular remodeling, and cardiac remodeling. Moreover, fasudil has been used in the clinical trials of several cardiovascular diseases. The continuing utilization of available pharmacological inhibitors and the development of more potent or isoform-selective inhibitors in ROCK signaling research and in treating human diseases are escalating. In this review, we discuss the recent molecular, cellular, animal, and clinical studies with a focus on the current understanding of ROCK signaling in cardiovascular physiology and diseases. We particularly note that emerging evidence suggests that selective targeting ROCK isoform based on the disease pathophysiology may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the disease treatment including cardiovascular diseases.
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8
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Sumi K, Inoue Y, Nishio M, Naito Y, Hosoya T, Suzuki M, Hidaka H. IOP-lowering effect of isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide compounds in ocular normotensive monkeys. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:831-4. [PMID: 24412071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled coil-formed protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors are under development as a new class of antiglaucoma agents. Based on the potent ROCK inhibitor H-1152, previously developed by us, we explored the possibility of related compounds as antiglaucoma agents and synthesized seven types of H-1152-inspired isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide compounds (H-0103-H-0107, H-1001, H-1005). Although all of these compounds potently inhibited ROCK (IC50=18-48 nM), only H-0104 and H-0106 exerted strong intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects into the eyes of monkeys. These results suggested the possibility that there is no direct relationship between ROCK inhibition and IOP-lowering effects, indicating that the initial screening of compounds based on ROCK inhibitory activity may be an unsuitable strategy for developing antiglaucoma agents with potent IOP-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sumi
- D. Western Therapeutics Inc., 1-18-11 Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inoue
- D. Western Therapeutics Inc., 1-18-11 Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0003, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishio
- Department of Sustainable Resource Science, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Naito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Molecular Imaging Science, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Hidaka
- D. Western Therapeutics Inc., 1-18-11 Nishiki, Naka-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 460-0003, Japan.
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9
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New therapeutic targets for intraocular pressure lowering. ISRN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2013; 2013:261386. [PMID: 24558600 PMCID: PMC3914177 DOI: 10.1155/2013/261386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible and preventable blindness and ocular hypertension is the strongest known risk factor. With current classes of drugs, management of the disease focuses on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Despite of their use to modify the course of the disease, none of the current medications for POAG is able to reduce the IOP by more than 25%-30%. Also, some glaucoma patients show disease progression despite of the therapeutics. This paper examines the new described physiological targets for reducing the IOP. The main cause of elevated IOP in POAG is thought to be an increased outflow resistance via the pressure-dependent trabecular outflow system, so there is a crescent interest in increasing trabecular meshwork outflow by extracellular matrix remodeling and/or by modulation of contractility/TM cytoskeleton disruption. Modulation of new agents that act mainly on trabecular meshwork outflow may be the future hypotensive treatment for glaucoma patients. There are also other agents in which modulation may decrease aqueous humour production or increase uveoscleral outflow by different mechanisms from those drugs available for glaucoma treatment. Recently, a role for the ghrelin-GHSR system in the pathophysiology modulation of the anterior segment, particularly regarding glaucoma, has been proposed.
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