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Dashti Z, Yousefi Z, Kiani P, Taghizadeh M, Maleki MH, Borji M, Vakili O, Shafiee SM. Autophagy and the unfolded protein response shape the non-alcoholic fatty liver landscape: decoding the labyrinth. Metabolism 2024; 154:155811. [PMID: 38309690 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise, mirroring a global surge in diabetes and metabolic syndrome, as its major leading causes. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver disorders, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can potentially progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, we know the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a protective cellular mechanism, being triggered under circumstances of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The hepatic UPR is turned on in a broad spectrum of liver diseases, including NAFLD. Recent data also defines molecular mechanisms that may underlie the existing correlation between UPR activation and NAFLD. More interestingly, subsequent studies have demonstrated an additional mechanism, i.e. autophagy, to be involved in hepatic steatosis, and thus NAFLD pathogenesis, principally by regulating the insulin sensitivity, hepatocellular injury, innate immunity, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. All these findings suggest possible mechanistic roles for autophagy in the progression of NAFLD and its complications. Both UPR and autophagy are dynamic and interconnected fluxes that act as protective responses to minimize the harmful effects of hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as the ER stress during NAFLD. The functions of UPR and autophagy in the liver, together with findings of decreased hepatic autophagy in correlation with conditions that predispose to NAFLD, such as obesity and aging, suggest that autophagy and UPR, alone or combined, may be novel therapeutic targets against the disease. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the interplay between autophagy and the UPR in connection to the NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dashti
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Kiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Taghizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Borji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sayed Mohammad Shafiee
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Han YZ, Du BX, Zhu XY, Wang YZY, Zheng HJ, Liu WJ. Lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336402. [PMID: 38742197 PMCID: PMC11089115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a significant complication associated with diabetes mellitus, presents limited treatment options. The progression of DKD is marked by substantial lipid disturbances, including alterations in triglycerides, cholesterol, sphingolipids, phospholipids, lipid droplets, and bile acids (BAs). Altered lipid metabolism serves as a crucial pathogenic mechanism in DKD, potentially intertwined with cellular ferroptosis, lipophagy, lipid metabolism reprogramming, and immune modulation of gut microbiota (thus impacting the liver-kidney axis). The elucidation of these mechanisms opens new potential therapeutic pathways for DKD management. This research explores the link between lipid metabolism disruptions and DKD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Zhi-Yuan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Vatankhahan H, Esteki F, Jabalameli MA, Kiani P, Ehtiati S, Movahedpour A, Vakili O, Khatami SH. Electrochemical biosensors for early diagnosis of glioblastoma. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117878. [PMID: 38493942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and life-threatening neurological malignancy of predominant astrocyte origin. This type of neoplasm can develop in either the brain or the spine and is also known as glioblastoma multiforme. Although current diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) facilitate tumor location, these approaches are unable to assess disease severity. Furthermore, interpretation of imaging studies requires significant expertise which can have substantial inter-observer variability, thus challenging diagnosis and potentially delaying treatment. In contrast, biosensing systems offer a promising alternative to these traditional approaches. These technologies can continuously monitor specific molecules, providing valuable real-time data on treatment response, and could significantly improve patient outcomes. Among various types of biosensors, electrochemical systems are preferred over other types, as they do not require expensive or complex equipment or procedures and can be made with readily available materials and methods. Moreover, electrochemical biosensors can detect very small amounts of analytes with high accuracy and specificity by using various signal amplification strategies and recognition elements. Considering the advantages of electrochemical biosensors compared to other biosensing methods, we aim to highlight the potential application(s) of these sensors for GBM theranostics. The review's innovative insights are expected to antecede the development of novel biosensors and associated diagnostic platforms, ultimately restructuring GBM detection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Vatankhahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Esteki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Jabalameli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Kiani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajad Ehtiati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Heydarnia E, Dorostgou Z, Hedayati N, Mousavi V, Yahyazadeh S, Alimohammadi M, Gheibi M, Heidari P, Igder S, Mafi A, Vakili O. Circular RNAs and cervical cancer: friends or foes? A landscape on circRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways involved in the onset and progression of HPV-related cervical neoplasms. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:107. [PMID: 38341592 PMCID: PMC10859032 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for a significant proportion of women death worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the major etiological causes leading to CC onset; however, genetic, and epigenetic factors are also responsible for disease expansion. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are known as a particular subset of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) superfamily, with covalently closed loop structures, have been reported to be involved in the progression of diverse diseases, especially neoplasms. In this framework, abnormally expressed circRNAs are in strong correlation with CC pathogenesis through regulating substantial signaling pathways. Also, these RNA molecules can be considered as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CC diagnosis/prognosis and treatment, respectively. Herein, we first review key molecular mechanisms, including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways, as well as angiogenesis and metastasis, by which circRNAs interfere with CC development. Then, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potentials of these ncRNA molecules will be highlighted in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Heydarnia
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Dorostgou
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Mousavi
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sheida Yahyazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Alimohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mobina Gheibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Parasta Heidari
- School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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5
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Chae SY, Kim Y, Park CW. Oxidative Stress Induced by Lipotoxicity and Renal Hypoxia in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Possible Therapeutic Interventions: Targeting the Lipid Metabolism and Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2083. [PMID: 38136203 PMCID: PMC10740440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a hallmark pathophysiological feature in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), arises from the intricate interplay between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. While hyperglycemia has been well established as a key contributor, lipotoxicity emerges as a significant instigator of oxidative stress. Lipotoxicity encompasses the accumulation of lipid intermediates, culminating in cellular dysfunction and cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying lipotoxic kidney injury in DKD still require further investigation. The key role of cell metabolism in the maintenance of cell viability and integrity in the kidney is of paramount importance to maintain proper renal function. Recently, dysfunction in energy metabolism, resulting from an imbalance in oxygen levels in the diabetic condition, may be the primary pathophysiologic pathway driving DKD. Therefore, we aim to shed light on the pivotal role of oxidative stress related to lipotoxicity and renal hypoxia in the initiation and progression of DKD. Multifaceted mechanisms underlying lipotoxicity, including oxidative stress with mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway, pro-inflammation, and impaired autophagy, are delineated here. Also, we explore potential therapeutic interventions for DKD, targeting lipotoxicity- and hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. These interventions focus on ameliorating the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation within the kidney and enhancing renal metabolism in the face of lipid overload or ameliorating subsequent oxidative stress. This review highlights the significance of lipotoxicity, renal hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, and its potential for therapeutic intervention in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Chae
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yaeni Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheol Whee Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.C.); (Y.K.)
- Institute for Aging and Metabolic Disease, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tang Y, Wan F, Tang X, Lin Y, Zhang H, Cao J, Yang R. Celastrol attenuates diabetic nephropathy by upregulating SIRT1-mediated inhibition of EZH2related wnt/β-catenin signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110584. [PMID: 37454630 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and an imbalance in podocyte function aggravates proteinuria. Celastrol is the primary active ingredient of T. wilfordii, effective in treating DN renal injury; however, the mechanisms underlying its effect are unclear. We explored how celastrol prevents DN podocyte damage using in vivo and in vitro experiments. We randomly divided 24 male C57BLKS/J mice into three groups: db/m (n = 8), db/db (n = 8), and celastrol groups (db/db + celastrol, 1 mg/kg/d, gavage administration, n = 8). In vivo experiments lasted 12 weeks and intervention lasted ten weeks. Serum samples and kidney tissues were collected for biochemical tests, pathological staining, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescencequantitation polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting analysis. In vitro experiments to elaborate the mechanism of celastrol protection were performed on high glucose (HG)-induced podocyte injury. Celastrol reduced blood glucose levels and renal function index in db/db mice, attenuated renal histomorphological injury and glomerular podocyte foot injuries, and induced significant anti-inflammatory effects. Celastrol upregulated silent information regulator 2 related enzyme 1(SIRT1) expression and downregulated enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH2), inhibiting the wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules, such as wnt1, wnt7a, and β-catenin. SIRT1 repressed the promoter activity of EZH2, and was co-immunoprecipitated with EZH2 in mouse podocyte cells (MPC5). SIRT1 knockdown aggravated the protective effects of celastrol on MPC5 cells. Celastrol protected podocyte injury via SIRT1/EZH2, which participates in the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, celastrol-mediated SIRT1 upregulation inhibited the EZH2-related wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to attenuate DN and podocyte injury, providing a theoretical basis for celastrol clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Tang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanli Tang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruchun Yang
- Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Darenskaya M, Kolesnikov S, Semenova N, Kolesnikova L. Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12378. [PMID: 37569752 PMCID: PMC10419189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the category of socially significant diseases with epidemic rates of increases in prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs in 40% of patients with DM and is considered a serious complication of DM. Most modern methods for treatments aimed at slowing down the progression of DN have side effects and do not produce unambiguous positive results in the long term. This fact has encouraged researchers to search for additional or alternative treatment methods. Hyperglycemia has a negative effect on renal structures due to a number of factors, including the activation of the polyol and hexosamine glucose metabolism pathways, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and increases in the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction of tissues. The above mechanisms cause the development of oxidative stress (OS) reactions and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn contribute to the development and progression of DN. Modern antioxidant therapies for DN involve various phytochemicals (food antioxidants, resveratrol, curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid preparations, etc.), which are widely used not only for the treatment of diabetes but also other systemic diseases. It has also been suggested that therapeutic approaches that target the source of reactive oxygen species in DN may have certain advantages in terms of nephroprotection from OS. This review describes the significance of studies on OS biomarkers in the pathogenesis of DN and analyzes various approaches to reducing the intensity of OS in the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Darenskaya
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (S.K.); (N.S.); (L.K.)
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Liu P, Zhu W, Wang Y, Ma G, Zhao H, Li P. Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds in attenuating renal injury via regulating autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142805. [PMID: 36942026 PMCID: PMC10023817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, and there is a lack of effective treatment strategies. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process that maintains homeostasis and energy balance by removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in the kidney under diabetic conditions. Emerging studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds may ameliorate diabetic kidney injury by regulating autophagy. In this review, we summarize that dysregulation or insufficiency of autophagy in renal cells, including podocytes, glomerular mesangial cells, and proximal tubular epithelial cells, is a key mechanism for the development of DKD, and focus on the protective effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds. Moreover, we systematically reviewed the mechanism of autophagy in DKD regulated by Chinese herb compound preparations, single herb and active compounds, so as to provide new drug candidates for clinical treatment of DKD. Finally, we also reviewed the candidate targets of Chinese herbal medicine regulating autophagy for DKD. Therefore, further research on Chinese herbal medicine with autophagy regulation and their targets is of great significance for the realization of new targeted therapies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guijie Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
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The Contribution of Lipotoxicity to Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203236. [PMID: 36291104 PMCID: PMC9601125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism in diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is now increasingly recognized in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis. This review highlights lipotoxicity pathways in the podocyte and proximal tubule cell, which are arguably the two most critical sites in the nephron for DKD. The discussion focuses on membrane transporters and lipid droplets, which represent potential therapeutic targets, as well as current and developing pharmacologic approaches to reduce renal lipotoxicity.
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10
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is gradually attacking the health and life of people all over the world. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of DM, whose mechanism is complex and still lacks research. Sirtuin family is a class III histone deacetylase with highly conserved NAD+ binding domain and catalytic functional domain, while different N-terminal and C-terminal structures enable them to bind different deacetylated substrates to participate in the cellular NAD+ metabolism. The kidney is an organ rich in NAD+ and database exploration of literature shows that the Sirtuin family has different expression localization in renal, cellular, and subcellular structures. With the progress of modern technology, a variety of animal models and reagents for the Sirtuin family and DKD emerged. Machine learning in the literature shows that the Sirtuin family can regulate pathophysiological injury mainly in the glomerular filtration membrane, renal tubular absorption, and immune inflammation through various mechanisms such as epigenetics, multiple signaling pathways, and mitochondrial function. These mechanisms are the key nodes participating in DKD. Thus, it is of great significance for target therapy to study biological functions of the Sirtuin family and DKD regulation mechanism in-depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Huiwen Ren,
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