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Nelson BJB, Leier S, Wilson J, Wuest M, Doupe J, Andersson JD, Wuest F. 64Cu production via the 68Zn(p,nα) 64Cu nuclear reaction: An untapped, cost-effective and high energy production route. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 128-129:108875. [PMID: 38199184 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2024.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Copper-64 (64Cu, t1/2 = 12.7 h) is a positron emitter well suited for theranostic applications with beta-emitting 67Cu for targeted molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy. The present work aims to evaluate the radionuclidic purity and radiochemistry of 64Cu produced via the 68Zn(p,nα)64Cu nuclear reaction. Macrocyclic chelators DOTA, NOTA, TETA, and prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand PSMA I&T were radiolabeled with purified 64Cu and tested for in vitro stability. [64Cu]Cu-PSMA I&T was used to demonstrate in vivo PET imaging using 64Cu synthesized via the 68Zn(p,nα)64Cu production route and its suitability as a theranostic imaging partner alongside 67Cu therapy. METHODS 64Cu was produced on a 24 MeV TR-24 cyclotron at a beam energy of 23.5 MeV and currents up to 70 μA using 200 mg 68Zn encapsulated within an aluminum‑indium-graphite sealed solid target assembly. 64Cu semi-automated purification was performed using a NEPTIS Mosaic-LC synthesis unit employing CU, TBP, and TK201 (TrisKem) resins. Radionuclidic purity was measured by HPGe gamma spectroscopy, while ICP-OES assessed elemental purity. Radiolabeling was performed with NOTA at room temperature and DOTA, TETA, and PSMA I&T at 95 °C. 64Cu incorporation was studied by radio-TLC. 64Cu in vitro stability of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA, [64Cu]Cu-DOTA, [64Cu]Cu-TETA, and [64Cu]Cu-PSMA I&T was assessed at 37 °C from 0 to 72 h in human blood serum. Preclinical PET imaging was performed at 1, 24, and 48 h post-injection with [64Cu]Cu-PSMA I&T in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice and compared with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T. RESULTS Maximum purified activity of 4.9 GBq [64Cu]CuCl2 was obtained in 5 mL of pH 2-3 solution, with 2.9 GBq 64Cu concentrated in 0.5 mL. HPGe gamma spectroscopy of purified 64Cu detected <0.3 % co-produced 67Cu at EOB with no other radionuclidic impurities. ICP-OES elemental analysis determined <1 ppm Al, Zn, In, Fe, and Cu in the [64Cu]CuCl2 product. NOTA, DOTA, TETA, and PSMA I&T were radiolabeled with 64Cu, resulting in maximum molar activities of 164 ± 6 GBq/μmol, 155 ± 31 GBq/μmol, 266 ± 34 GBq/μmol, and 117 ± 2 GBq/μmol, respectively. PET imaging in PSMA-expressing LNCaP xenografts resulted in high tumor uptake (SUVmean = 1.65 ± 0.1) using [64Cu]Cu-PSMA I&T, while [68Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T yielded an SUVmean of 0.76 ± 0.14 after 60 min post-injection. CONCLUSIONS 64Cu was purified in a small volume amenable for radiolabeling, with yields suitable for preclinical and clinical application. The 64Cu production and purification process and the favourable PET imaging properties confirm the 68Zn(p,nα)64Cu nuclear reaction as a viable 64Cu production route for facilities with access to a higher energy proton cyclotron, compared to using expensive 64Ni target material and the 64Ni(p,n)64Cu nuclear reaction. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Our 64Cu production technique provides an alternative production route with the potential to improve 64Cu availability for preclinical and clinical studies alongside 67Cu therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce J B Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Samantha Leier
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jonathan Doupe
- Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jan D Andersson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Edmonton Radiopharmaceutical Center, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Souza SPM, Frasson FC, Takahashi MES, Duarte GBO, Castro VP, Pericole FV, Velloso LA, De Souza CA, Lorand-Metze I, Santos AO, Ramos CD. Head-to-head comparison of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in multiple myeloma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2432-2440. [PMID: 36988710 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT image findings in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS Twenty consecutive patients with symptomatic biopsy-proven MM were submitted to whole body [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with a time interval of 1-8 days between procedures. All lesions were counted and had their maximum SUV (SUVmax) measured. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess the agreement between [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT findings. RESULTS A total of 266 lesions were detected in 19/20 patients. [18F]FDG detected 223/266 (84%) lesions in 17 patients and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 190/266 (71%) lesions in 19 patients. Both procedures did not identify any active lesion in 1 patient. Forty-three (16%) lesions were detected only by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 76 (29%) only by [18F]FDG. Both tracers identified 147 (55%) lesions. Intralesional mismatch of FDG-PSMA uptake was identified in 25 of these 147 lesions, found in 8 different patients. Different lesions with uptake of only [18F]FDG or [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in the same patient were found in 4 patients. The highest SUVmax of [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 had a median (min-max) SUVmax of 6.5 (2.0-37.8) and 5.5 (1.7-51.3), respectively. [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 respectively identified 18 and 19 soft tissue lesions. False-positive [18F]FDG findings had minimal or no uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11. Good reliability (ICC ≥ 0.75) was found for number of lesions, number of soft tissue lesions and highest SUVmax in each patient. CONCLUSION [18F]FDG or [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 alone can detect most MM lesions. Almost half of the lesions take up only one of the tracers, reflecting increased glycolysis or angiogenesis in specific lesions, and suggesting their possible complementary role in MM. The marked [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in some cases raises the possibility of a theranostic approach in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P M Souza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Frasson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine B O Duarte
- Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vania P Castro
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando V Pericole
- Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carmino A De Souza
- Center of Hematology and Hemotherapy, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Irene Lorand-Metze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Allan O Santos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medical Sciences University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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Su Y, Zhang X, Li S, Xie W, Guo J. Emerging roles of the copper-CTR1 axis in tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1339-1353. [PMID: 35604085 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physiological roles of copper in metabolic homeostasis have been well established, however, whether and how copper is dysregulated in tumors and contributes to tumorigenesis are not recapitulated. Here, we comprehensively summarize the potential origins of copper accumulation in diseases especially in cancers by dysregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) or ATPase copper transporting alpha/beta (ATP7A/B) and further demonstrate the underlying mechanism of copper contributing to tumorigenesis. Specifically, in addition to modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), angiogenesis, immune response, and metabolic homeostasis, copper recently has drawn more attention by directly binding to oncoproteins such as MEK, ULK, Memo, and PDK1 to activate distinct oncogenic signals and account for tumorigenesis. In the end, we disclose the emerging applications of copper in cancer diagnosis and highlight the promising strategies to target the copper-CTR1 axis for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Shaoqiang Li
- The First Affiliatd Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, guangzhou, guangdong, China
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Cardoza-Ochoa DR, Rivera-Bravo B. A Comparison of 18F-PSMA-1007 and 64Cu-PSMA in 2 Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e120-e122. [PMID: 34115708 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 1007 is one of the most promising radiotracers for PET imaging in prostate cancer, minimal urinary clearance, and higher spatial resolution, which are the most outstanding features. PSMA can also be labeled with 64Cu, offering a longer half-life and different resolution imaging. We present images of metastatic prostate cancer in two patients, where 64Cu-PSMA PET/CT was performed one day after 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT. In the two patients, both radiotracers provided high image quality and a similar range of detection for metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cardoza-Ochoa
- From the PET-CT Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Chiaravalloti A, Cimini A, Ricci M, Quartuccio N, Arnone G, Filippi L, Calabria F, Leporace M, Bagnato A, Schillaci O. Positron emission tomography imaging in primary brain tumors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lee CH, Lim I, Woo SK, Kim KI, Lee KC, Song K, Choi CW, Lim SM. The Feasibility of 64Cu-PSMA I&T PET for Prostate Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021; 37:417-423. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied RI, Research Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhan Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul. National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul. National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul. National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyon Song
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Cancer Centre Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jones W, Griffiths K, Barata PC, Paller CJ. PSMA Theranostics: Review of the Current Status of PSMA-Targeted Imaging and Radioligand Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1367. [PMID: 32466595 PMCID: PMC7352725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been the subject of extensive investigation in the past two decades as a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa). Its appealing molecular features have enabled the development of a novel diagnostic and therapeutic-thus "theranostic"-approach to PCa. There is now substantial evidence of the high sensitivity of PSMA-targeted imaging for PCa lesions and growing evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of PSMA radioligand therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This article presents a broad overview of the current status of PSMA theranostics, including current evidence, potential clinical impact, and active areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Kelly Griffiths
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
| | - Pedro C. Barata
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Channing J. Paller
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
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