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Sands KN, Burman AL, Ansah-Asamoah E, Back TG. Chemistry Related to the Catalytic Cycle of the Antioxidant Ebselen. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093732. [PMID: 37175141 PMCID: PMC10180093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant drug ebselen has been widely studied in both laboratories and in clinical trials. The catalytic mechanism by which it destroys hydrogen peroxide via reduction with glutathione or other thiols is complex and has been the subject of considerable debate. During reinvestigations of several key steps, we found that the seleninamide that comprises the first oxidation product of ebselen underwent facile reversible methanolysis to an unstable seleninate ester and two dimeric products. In its reaction with benzyl alcohol, the seleninamide produced a benzyl ester that reacted readily by selenoxide elimination, with formation of benzaldehyde. Oxidation of ebselen seleninic acid did not afford a selenonium seleninate salt as previously observed with benzene seleninic acid, but instead generated a mixture of the seleninic and selenonic acids. Thiolysis of ebselen with benzyl thiol was faster than oxidation by ca. an order of magnitude and produced a stable selenenyl sulfide. When glutathione was employed, the product rapidly disproportionated to glutathione disulfide and ebselen diselenide. Oxidation of the S-benzyl selenenyl sulfide, or thiolysis of the seleninamide with benzyl thiol, afforded a transient thiolseleninate that also readily underwent selenoxide elimination. The S-benzyl derivative disproportionated readily when catalyzed by the simultaneous presence of both the thiol and triethylamine. The phenylthio analogue disproportionated when exposed to ambient or UV (360 nm) light by a proposed radical mechanism. These observations provide additional insight into several reactions and intermediates related to ebselen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai N Sands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Austin L Burman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Esther Ansah-Asamoah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Wagner J, Zimmermann Crocomo P, Kochman MA, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Modular Nitrogen‐Doped Concave Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Tunable Emission Mechanisms**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology M. Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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3
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Wagner J, Zimmermann Crocomo P, Kochman MA, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Modular Nitrogen-Doped Concave Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Tunable Emission Mechanisms. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202232. [PMID: 35348258 PMCID: PMC9321062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although bowl‐shaped N‐pyrrolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can achieve excellent electron‐donating ability, their application for optoelectronics is hampered by typically low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). To address this issue, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of curved and fully conjugated nitrogen‐doped PAHs. Through structural modifications to the electron‐accepting moiety, we are able to switch the mechanism of luminescence between thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and to tune the overall PLQY in the range from 9 % to 86 %. As a proof of concept, we constructed solid‐state organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices, which has not been explored to date in the context of concave N‐doped systems being TADF/RTP emitters. The best‐performing dye, possessing a peripheral trifluoromethyl group adjacent to the phenazine acceptor, exhibits yellow to orange emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12 %, which is the highest EQE in a curved D‐A embedded N‐PAH to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Ribaudo G, Bortoli M, Witt CE, Parke B, Mena S, Oselladore E, Zagotto G, Hashemi P, Orian L. ROS-Scavenging Selenofluoxetine Derivatives Inhibit In Vivo Serotonin Reuptake. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8314-8322. [PMID: 35309454 PMCID: PMC8928538 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While the neurochemistry that underpins the behavioral phenotypes of depression is the subject of many studies, oxidative stress caused by the inflammation comorbid with depression has not adequately been addressed. In this study, we described novel antidepressant-antioxidant agents consisting of selenium-modified fluoxetine derivatives to simultaneously target serotonin reuptake (antidepressant action) and oxidative stress. Excitingly, we show that one of these agents (1-F) carries the ability to inhibit serotonin reuptake in vivo in mice. We therefore present a frontier dual strategy that paves the way for the future of antidepressant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Colby E. Witt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Brenna Parke
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Sergio Mena
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Erika Oselladore
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università
degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department
of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of South Carolina, Columbia South Carolina 29201, United States
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli
Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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5
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Orian L, Flohé L. Selenium-Catalyzed Reduction of Hydroperoxides in Chemistry and Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1560. [PMID: 34679695 PMCID: PMC8533274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the chalcogens, selenium is the key element for catalyzed H2O2 reduction. In organic synthesis, catalytic amounts of organo mono- and di-selenides are largely used in different classes of oxidations, in which H2O2 alone is poorly efficient. Biological hydroperoxide metabolism is dominated by peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, which balance hydroperoxide challenge and contribute to redox regulation. When their selenocysteine is replaced by cysteine, the cellular antioxidant defense system is impaired. Finally, classes of organoselenides have been synthesized with the aim of mimicking the biological strategy of glutathione peroxidases, but their therapeutic application has so far been limited. Moreover, their therapeutic use may be doubted, because H2O2 is not only toxic but also serves as an important messenger. Therefore, over-optimization of H2O2 reduction may lead to unexpected disturbances of metabolic regulation. Common to all these systems is the nucleophilic attack of selenium to one oxygen of the peroxide bond promoting its disruption. In this contribution, we revisit selected examples from chemistry and biology, and, by using results from accurate quantum mechanical modelling, we provide an accurate unified picture of selenium's capacity of reducing hydroperoxides. There is clear evidence that the selenoenzymes remain superior in terms of catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Sands KN, Gelfand BS, Back TG. One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl Selenonic Acids and Some Unexpected Byproducts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9938-9944. [PMID: 34269577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of aryl selenonic acids was achieved from diverse aryl bromides via a one-pot method involving metalation, selenation, and oxidation with hydrogen peroxide followed by ion exchange to afford the pure products in 77-90% yield. An o-hydroxymethyl derivative was found to dehydrate readily, affording the first example of a cyclic selenonic ester, while two minor byproducts were isolated and shown by X-ray crystallography to be mixed salts of aryl selenonic acids with either the corresponding aryl seleninic or selenious acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai N Sands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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Sands KN, Mendoza Rengifo E, George GN, Pickering IJ, Gelfand BS, Back TG. The Unexpected Role of Se
VI
Species in Epoxidations with Benzeneseleninic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai N. Sands
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Graham N. George
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan 114 Science Place Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 Canada
| | - Benjamin S. Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N 1N4 Canada
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Sands KN, Mendoza Rengifo E, George GN, Pickering IJ, Gelfand BS, Back TG. The Unexpected Role of Se VI Species in Epoxidations with Benzeneseleninic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4283-4287. [PMID: 31875332 PMCID: PMC7054174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Benzeneperoxyseleninic acid has been proposed as the key intermediate in the widely used epoxidation of alkenes with benzeneseleninic acid and hydrogen peroxide. However, it reacts sluggishly with cyclooctene and instead rapidly decomposes in solution to a mixed selenonium-selenonate salt that was identified by X-ray absorption and 77 Se NMR spectroscopy, as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction. This process includes a selenoxide elimination of the peroxyseleninic acid with liberation of oxygen and additional redox steps. The salt is relatively stable in the solid state, but generates the corresponding selenonic acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The selenonic acid is inert towards cyclooctene on its own; however, rapid epoxidation occurs when hydrogen peroxide is added. This shows that the selenonic acid must first be activated through further oxidation, presumably to the heretofore unknown benzeneperoxyselenonic acid. The latter is the principal oxidant in this epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai N Sands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emerita Mendoza Rengifo
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Wang X, Wang Q, Xue Y, Sun K, Wu L, Zhang B. An organoselenium-catalyzed N1- and N2-selective aza-Wacker reaction of alkenes with benzotriazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4436-4439. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel and practical organoselenium-catalyzed, N1- and N2-selective controllable aza-Wacker reaction is realized, which provides an easy access to N1- and N2-olefinated benzotriazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Qinlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Yanru Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang 455000
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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10
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Abenante L, Padilha NB, Anghinoni JM, Penteado F, Rosati O, Santi C, Silva MS, Lenardão EJ. Arylseleninic acid as a green, bench-stable selenylating agent: synthesis of selanylanilines and 3-selanylindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5210-5217. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
C–Se bonds in electron-rich arenes are easily formed by the reaction of bench-stable arylseleninic acids as an electrophilic selenium source. The only waste in the reaction is water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abenante
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | | | - João M. Anghinoni
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Filipe Penteado
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Group of Catalysis
- Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis
- Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
| | - Marcio S. Silva
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL - CCQFA
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel
- 96010-900 Pelotas
- Brazil
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11
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Santi C. Perspective in Green Chemistry for Organoselenium Compounds (no more an oxymoron). CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/221334610601190329164654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1-06100 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Sands KN, Back TG. Key steps and intermediates in the catalytic mechanism for the reduction of peroxides by the antioxidant ebselen. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Giurg M, Gołąb A, Suchodolski J, Kaleta R, Krasowska A, Piasecki E, Piętka-Ottlik M. Reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] Diselenide with Phenols, Aminophenols, and Other Amines towards Diphenyl Diselenides with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060974. [PMID: 28604620 PMCID: PMC6152648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reaction of bis[(2-chlorocarbonyl)phenyl] diselenide with various mono and bisnucleophiles such as aminophenols, phenols, and amines have been studied as a convenient general route to a series of new antimicrobial and antiviral diphenyl diselenides. The compounds, particularly bis[2-(hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)]phenyl diselenides and reference benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones, exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterial species (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.), and some compounds were also active against Gram-negative E. coli and fungi (Candida spp., A. niger). The majority of compounds demonstrated high activity against human herpes virus type 1 (HHV-1) and moderate activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), while they were generally inactive against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Giurg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Gołąb
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Suchodolski
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kaleta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Krasowska
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Egbert Piasecki
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Piętka-Ottlik
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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