1
|
Fan Y, Yin M, Chen H. Insights into the role of chitosan in hydrogen production by dark fermentation of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160401. [PMID: 36414059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is widely used as a dewatering flocculant, but whether it affects hydrogen production from sludge anaerobic fermentation is unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of chitosan in the dark fermentation of waste activated sludge for hydrogen production. The results showed that chitosan had a negative effect on hydrogen production from sludge. Chitosan at 30 g/kg total suspended solids reduced hydrogen accumulation by 56.70 ± 1.22 % from 3.94 ± 0.12 to 1.71 ± 0.10 mL/g volatile suspended solids. Chitosan hindered the solubilization of sludge by flocculation, which reduced the available substrate for anaerobic fermentation. In addition, chitosan interfered with the electron transport system by reducing cytochrome C and caused lipid peroxidation by inducing reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic fermentation. Hydrogen production was reduced because hydrogen-producing processes (i.e., hydrolysis, acidification, and acetification) were inhibited more strongly than hydrogen-consuming processes (i.e., methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, and homoacetogenesis). Furthermore, chitosan enriched the abundance of Spirochaetaceae sp. and Holophagaceae sp., which occupied the survival space of hydrogen-producing microorganisms. This study reveals the potential impact of chitosan on hydrogen production in dark fermentation of sludge and provide direct evidence that chitosan triggers oxidative stress in anaerobic fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Fan
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Mengyu Yin
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beiki H, Keramati M. Improvement of Methane Production from Sugar Beet Wastes Using TiO 2 and Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles and Chitosan Micropowder Additives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:13-25. [PMID: 30854605 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An experimental study was performed to measure biogas production from sugar beet waste, which is, in fact, the chopped parts of the sugar beet not going through the sugar extraction process, at different additive concentrations. Medium molecular weight chitosan in microsize and TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added to ten experimental reactors to investigate their effect on the anaerobic digestion process. Three different concentrations of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.12% w/w were used for each additive. Biogas production and methane content were compared with a control sample containing no additive. Adding chitosan in powder form did not help the process nor improved methanogenic activities. The results showed no effect on anaerobic digestion by the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles in the mentioned concentrations, whereas adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles led to a slight increase in methane production and in volatile solid and total solid reduction. The maximum enhancement in methane and biogas production in the sample containing 0.04% Fe3O4, as compared with the control sample, reached 19.77% and 15.09%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Beiki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477167335, Iran.
| | - Misagh Keramati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477167335, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pugazhendhi A, Shobana S, Bakonyi P, Nemestóthy N, Xia A, Banu J R, Kumar G. A review on chemical mechanism of microalgae flocculation via polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 21:e00302. [PMID: 30671358 PMCID: PMC6328355 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanism involved in microalgal flocculation has been reviewed. Commercially, bioflocculation is suitable and cost-effective. Organic & inorganic flocculants and their features are covered. Ideal proportion amongst flocculants and biomass decides their efficiency.
Industrially, harvesting of the microalgal biomass is a techno-economic tailback, which essentially meant for the algal biomass industry. It is considered energy as well as cost-intensive in view of the fact that the dewatering process during harvesting. In this review chemical reactions involved in the flocculation of microalage biomass via various certain principal organic polymers are focused. Besides, it focuses on natural biopolymers as flocculants to harvest the cultivated microalgae. Commercially, bio-flocculation is suitable and cost-effective in the midst of a range of adopted harvesting techniques and the selection of an appropriate bioflocculant depends on its efficacy on the several microalgae strains like potential biomass fixation, ecological stride and non-perilous nature. The harvesting of toxin free microalgae biomass in large quantity by such flocculants can be considered to be one of the most cost-effective performances towards sustainable biomass recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Sutha Shobana
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre, Aditanar College of Arts and Science, Virapandianpatnam, Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Peter Bakonyi
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Nándor Nemestóthy
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Civil Engineering, Regional Campus Anna University Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poirier S, Madigou C, Bouchez T, Chapleur O. Improving anaerobic digestion with support media: Mitigation of ammonia inhibition and effect on microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:229-239. [PMID: 28365351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at providing a better understanding of the influence of support media (10g/L of zeolites, 10g/L of activated carbons, and 1g/L of chitosan) on key phylotypes steering anaerobic digestion (AD) performance in presence of 19g/L of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) within batch digesters. Support media did not influence TAN concentration. However, both zeolites and activated carbon 1 reduced methanization lag phase by 47% and 25%, respectively. By contrast, activated carbon 2 and chitosan led to an increase of methanization lag phase by 51% and 32%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that zeolites preserved Methanosarcina and enhanced Methanobacterium. In presence of activated carbon 1, Methanoculleus, became predominant earlier than without support while chitosan and activated carbon 2 limited its implantation. This study highlighted potentialities to use supports to enhance AD stability under extreme TAN concentration and evidenced their specific influence on the microbiota composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poirier
- Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Irstea, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France.
| | - Céline Madigou
- Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Irstea, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France.
| | - Théodore Bouchez
- Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Irstea, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France.
| | - Olivier Chapleur
- Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, Irstea, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, CS 10030, 92761 Antony Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Banerjee C, Ghosh S, Sen G, Mishra S, Shukla P, Bandopadhyay R. Study of algal biomass harvesting through cationic cassia gum, a natural plant based biopolymer. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:6-11. [PMID: 24189379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Green unicellular microalgae have a capacity to entrap CO2 to increase their biomass through photosynthesis and are important for the value added product. The presence of COOH and NH2 groups are responsible for imparting negative zeta value. The present work emphasizes on the synthesis of cationic cassia (CCAS) by the insertion of quaternary amine groups onto the backbone of cassia (CAS) from N-3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) which was further characterized via FTIR, SEM, elemental analysis and intrinsic viscosity. The optimal dosage of the synthesized cationic cassia is used to flocculate two different green fresh water algae viz. Chlamydomonas sp. CRP7 and Chlorella sp. CB4 were evaluated. 80 and 35 mg L(-1) was optimized dose for dewatering of above algae, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lertsutthiwong P, Boonpuak D, Pungrasmi W, Powtongsook S. Immobilization of nitrite oxidizing bacteria using biopolymeric chitosan media. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:262-267. [PMID: 23596944 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chitosan characteristics including the degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, particle size, pH pretreatment and immobilization time on the immobilization of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) on biopolymeric chitosan were investigated. Nitrite removal efficiency of immobilized NOB depended on the degree of deacetylation, particle size, pH pretreatment on the surface of chitosan and immobilization time. Scanning electron microscope characterization illustrated that the number of NOB cells attached to the surface of chitosan increased with an increment of immobilization time. The optimal condition for NOB immobilization on chitosan was achieved during a 24-hr immobilization period using chitosan with the degree of deacetylation larger than 80% and various particle size ranges between 1-5 mm at pH 6.5. In general, the NOB immobilized on chitosan flakes has a high potential to remove excess nitrite from wastewater and aquaculture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranee Lertsutthiwong
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee C, Gupta P, Mishra S, Sen G, Shukla P, Bandopadhyay R. Study of polyacrylamide grafted starch based algal flocculation towards applications in algal biomass harvesting. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:456-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Chong S, Sen TK, Kayaalp A, Ang HM. The performance enhancements of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for domestic sludge treatment--a state-of-the-art review. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3434-3470. [PMID: 22560620 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, carbon emission and therefore carbon footprint of water utilities is an important issue. In this respect, we should consider the opportunities to reduce carbon footprint for small and large wastewater treatment plants. The use of anaerobic rather than aerobic treatment processes would achieve this aim because no aeration is required and the generation of methane can be used within the plant. High-rate anaerobic digesters receive great interests due to their high loading capacity and low sludge production. Among them, the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors have been most widely used. However, there are still unresolved issues inhibiting the widespread of this technology in developing countries or countries with climate temperature fluctuations (such as subtropical regions). A large number of studies have been carried out in order to enhance the performance of UASB reactors but there is a lack of updated documentation. In face of the existing limitations and the increasing importance of this technology, the authors present an up-to-date review on the performance enhancements of UASB reactors over the last decade. The important aspects of this article are: (i) enhancing the start-up and granulation in UASB reactors, (ii) coupling with post-treatment unit to overcome the temperature constraint, and (iii) improving the removal efficiencies of the organic matter, nutrients and pathogens in the final effluent. Finally the authors have highlighted future research direction based on their critical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siewhui Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khemkhao M, Nuntakumjorn B, Techkarnjanaruk S, Phalakornkule C. Effect of chitosan on UASB treating POME during a transition from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:4674-4681. [PMID: 21316949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of chitosan addition on treatment of palm oil mill effluent were investigated using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors: (1) with chitosan addition at the dosage of 2 mg chitosan per g volatile suspended solids on the first day of the operation (R1), (2) without chitosan addition (the control, R2). The reactors were inoculated with mesophilic anaerobic sludge which was acclimatized to a thermophilic condition with a stepwise temperature increase of 5 °C from 37 to 57 °C. The OLR ranged from 2.23 to 9.47 kg COD m(-3) day(-1). The difference in biogas production rate increased from non-significant to 18% different. The effluent volatile suspended solids of R1 was 65 mg l(-1) lower than that of R2 on Day 123. 16S rRNA targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints of microbial community indicated that some methanogens in the genus Methanosaeta can be detected in R1 but not in R2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneerat Khemkhao
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|