1
|
Giridharan VV, Generoso JS, Lence L, Candiotto G, Streck E, Petronilho F, Pillai A, Sharshar T, Dal-Pizzol F, Barichello T. A crosstalk between gut and brain in sepsis-induced cognitive decline. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:114. [PMID: 35606817 PMCID: PMC9125851 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02472-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a potentially fatal disease characterized by acute organ failure that affects more than 30 million people worldwide. Inflammation is strongly associated with sepsis, and patients can experience impairments in memory, concentration, verbal fluency, and executive functioning after being discharged from the hospital. We hypothesize that sepsis disrupts the microbiota-gut-brain axis homeostasis triggering cognitive impairment. This immune activation persists during treatment, causing neurological dysfunction in sepsis survivors. METHODS To test our hypothesis, adult Wistar rats were subjected to cecal-ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham (non-CLP) surgeries. The animals were subjected to the [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging at 24 h and 10 days after CLP and non-CLP surgeries. At 24 h and 10 days after surgery, we evaluated the gut microbiome, bacterial metabolites, cytokines, microglia, and astrocyte markers. Ten days after sepsis induction, the animals were subjected to the novel object recognition (NOR) and the Morris water maze (MWM) test to assess their learning and memory. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the 24-h and 10-day CLP groups showed increased [11C]PBR28 uptake, glial cells count, and cytokine levels in the brain. Results show that sepsis modulates the gut villus length and crypt depth, alpha and beta microbial diversities, and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, sepsis surviving animals showed a significant cognitive decline compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Since several pharmacological studies have failed to prevent cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors, a better understanding of the function of glial cells and gut microbiota can provide new avenues for treating sepsis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lence
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Candiotto
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Emílio Streck
- Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia Department, Paris, France
- Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, NSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meng Q, Yuan Y, Li Y, Wu S, Shi K, Liu S. Optimization of Electrotransformation Parameters and Engineered Promoters for Lactobacillus plantarum from Wine. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1728-1738. [PMID: 34048225 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Robust and versatile promoters for Lactobacillus plantarum found in wine are necessary gene expression tools for genetic research involving wine stress. We optimized the electrotransformation parameters for L. plantarum XJ25 isolated from wine and engineered five promoters based on the promoter P23; these promoters showed significantly different transcriptional activities under nonstress conditions. The activities of these promoters in vivo and the resulting growth burden to the host strain under different wine stresses were also evaluated. A range of colors (from white to dark pink) of the developing colonies with the plasmid pNZ8148 carrying an X-mCherry expression cassette, namely, P23-mCherry, trcP23-mCherry, POL1-mCherry, POL2-mCherry, POL3-mCherry, or POL4-mCherry, were analyzed. The applicability of the optimized electrotransformation parameters and synthetic promoters with different activities were also verified in several L. plantarum strains. Therefore, the optimized electrotransformation and these characterized promoters were determined to be suitable for applications in wine research in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxin Yuan
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yueyao Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shaowen Wu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kan Shi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhattacharyya S, Bershtein S, Adkar BV, Woodard J, Shakhnovich EI. Metabolic response to point mutations reveals principles of modulation of in vivo enzyme activity and phenotype. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10200. [PMID: 34180142 PMCID: PMC8236904 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sequence variation and phenotype is poorly understood. Here, we use metabolomic analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the filamentous phenotype of E. coli strains that carry destabilizing mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We find that partial loss of DHFR activity causes reversible filamentation despite SOS response indicative of DNA damage, in contrast to thymineless death (TLD) achieved by complete inhibition of DHFR activity by high concentrations of antibiotic trimethoprim. This phenotype is triggered by a disproportionate drop in intracellular dTTP, which could not be explained by drop in dTMP based on the Michaelis-Menten-like in vitro activity curve of thymidylate kinase (Tmk), a downstream enzyme that phosphorylates dTMP to dTDP. Instead, we show that a highly cooperative (Hill coefficient 2.5) in vivo activity of Tmk is the cause of suboptimal dTTP levels. dTMP supplementation rescues filamentation and restores in vivo Tmk kinetics to Michaelis-Menten. Overall, this study highlights the important role of cellular environment in sculpting enzymatic kinetics with system-level implications for bacterial phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimon Bershtein
- Department of Life SciencesBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐ShevaIsrael
| | - Bharat V Adkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jaie Woodard
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMAUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhattacharyya S, Jacobs WM, Adkar BV, Yan J, Zhang W, Shakhnovich EI. Accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno Sequence Dictates N-Terminal Codon Bias in E. coli. Mol Cell 2018; 70:894-905.e5. [PMID: 29883608 PMCID: PMC6311106 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts, no physical mechanism has been shown to explain N-terminal codon bias in prokaryotic genomes. Using a systematic study of synonymous substitutions in two endogenous E. coli genes, we show that interactions between the coding region and the upstream Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence modulate the efficiency of translation initiation, affecting both intracellular mRNA and protein levels due to the inherent coupling of transcription and translation in E. coli. We further demonstrate that far-downstream mutations can also modulate mRNA levels by occluding the SD sequence through the formation of non-equilibrium secondary structures. By contrast, a non-endogenous RNA polymerase that decouples transcription and translation largely alleviates the effects of synonymous substitutions on mRNA levels. Finally, a complementary statistical analysis of the E. coli genome specifically implicates avoidance of intra-molecular base pairing with the SD sequence. Our results provide general physical insights into the coding-level features that optimize protein expression in prokaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bharat V Adkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA; College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Eugene I Shakhnovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|