1
|
Hsu W, Maruyama T. Analysis of skeletal stem cells by renal capsule transplantation and ex vivo culture systems. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143344. [PMID: 37064888 PMCID: PMC10090280 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells residing in the suture mesenchyme are responsible for proper development, homeostasis, and injury repair of the craniofacial skeleton. These naïve cells are programmed to differentiate into osteoblast cell types and mediate bone formation via an intramembranous ossification mechanism. The simplicity of this system also offers great advantages to studying osteoblastogenesis compared to the appendicular and axial skeletons. Recent studies utilizing genetically based cell tracing have led to the identification of skeletal stem cell populations in craniofacial and body skeletons. Although the genetic analysis indicates these cells behave like stem cells in vivo, not all of them have been thoroughly examined by stem cell isolation and stem cell-mediated tissue generation. As regeneration is an integral part of stem cell characteristics, it is necessary to further analyze their ability to generate tissue at the ectopic site. The establishment of an ex vivo culture system to maintain the stemness properties for extended periods without losing the regenerative ability is also pertinent to advance our knowledge base of skeletal stem cells and their clinical applications in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review is to discuss our recent advancements in analyses of skeletal stem cells using renal capsule transplantation and sphere culture systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hsu
- Forsyth Institue, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Faculty of Medicine of Harvard University, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Hsu, ,
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maruyama T, Hasegawa D, Valenta T, Haigh J, Bouchard M, Basler K, Hsu W. GATA3 mediates nonclassical β-catenin signaling in skeletal cell fate determination and ectopic chondrogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd6172. [PMID: 36449606 PMCID: PMC9710881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal precursors are mesenchymal in origin and can give rise to distinct sublineages. Their lineage commitment is modulated by various signaling pathways. The importance of Wnt signaling in skeletal lineage commitment has been implicated by the study of β-catenin-deficient mouse models. Ectopic chondrogenesis caused by the loss of β-catenin leads to a long-standing belief in canonical Wnt signaling that determines skeletal cell fate. As β-catenin has other functions, it remains unclear whether skeletogenic lineage commitment is solely orchestrated by canonical Wnt signaling. The study of the Wnt secretion regulator Gpr177/Wntless also raises concerns about current knowledge. Here, we show that skeletal cell fate is determined by β-catenin but independent of LEF/TCF transcription. Genomic and bioinformatic analyses further identify GATA3 as a mediator for the alternative signaling effects. GATA3 alone is sufficient to promote ectopic cartilage formation, demonstrating its essential role in mediating nonclassical β-catenin signaling in skeletogenic lineage specification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Maruyama
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Tomas Valenta
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jody Haigh
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Maxime Bouchard
- Goodman Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Konrad Basler
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wei Hsu
- Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|