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Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyawaki N, Kashiwagi H. A Method to Locally Irradiate Specific Organ in Model Organisms Using a Focused Heavy-Ion Microbeam. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1524. [PMID: 38132350 PMCID: PMC10740561 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The functions of organisms are performed by various tissues composed of different cell types. Localized irradiation with heavy-ion microbeams, which inactivate only a portion of the constituent cells without destroying the physical intercellular connections of the tissue, is a practical approach for elucidating tissue functions. However, conventional collimated microbeams are limited in the shape of the area that can be irradiated. Therefore, using a focused heavy-ion microbeam that generates a highly precise beam spot, we developed a technology to uniformly irradiate specific tissues of an organism with a defined dose, which conventional methods cannot achieve. The performance of the developed paint irradiation technology was evaluated. By irradiating the CR-39 ion track detector, we confirmed that the new method, in which each ion hit position is placed uniformly in the irradiated area, makes it possible to uniformly paint the area at a specified dose. The targeted irradiation of the pharynx and gonads of living Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that the irradiated ions were distributed in the same shape as the targeted tissue observed under a microscope. This technology will elucidate biological mechanisms that are difficult to analyze with conventional collimated microbeam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science (TIAQ), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Gunma 370-1292, Japan; (M.S.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
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Quevarec L, Réale D, Dufourcq-Sekatcheff E, Armant O, Adam-Guillermin C, Bonzom JM. Ionizing radiation affects the demography and the evolution of Caenorhabditis elegans populations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114353. [PMID: 36516628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can reduce survival, reproduction and affect development, and lead to the extinction of populations if their evolutionary response is insufficient. However, demographic and evolutionary studies on the effects of ionizing radiation are still scarce. Using an experimental evolution approach, we analyzed population growth rate and associated change in life history traits across generations in Caenorhabditis elegans populations exposed to 0, 1.4, and 50.0 mGy.h-1 of ionizing radiation (gamma external irradiation). We found a higher population growth rate in the 1.4 mGy.h-1 treatment and a lower in the 50.0 mGy.h-1 treatment compared to the control. Realized fecundity was lower in both 1.4 and 50.0 mGy.h-1 than control treatment. High irradiation levels decreased brood size from self-fertilized hermaphrodites, specifically early brood size. Finally, high irradiation levels decreased hatching success compared to the control condition. In reciprocal-transplant experiments, we found that life in low irradiation conditions led to the evolution of higher hatching success and late brood size. These changes could provide better tolerance against ionizing radiation, investing more in self-maintenance than in reproduction. These evolutionary changes were with some costs of adaptation. This study shows that ionizing radiation has both demographic and evolutionary consequences on populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Quevarec
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Dufourcq-Sekatcheff
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Olivier Armant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonzom
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LECO, Cadarache 13115, Saint Paul Lez Durance, France.
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Yamasaki A, Suzuki M, Funayama T, Moriwaki T, Sakashita T, Kobayashi Y, Zhang-Akiyama QM. High-Dose Irradiation Inhibits Motility and Induces Autophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189810. [PMID: 34575973 PMCID: PMC8467272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damages many cellular components and disrupts cellular functions, and was previously reported to impair locomotion in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the response to even higher doses is not clear. First, to investigate the effects of high-dose radiation on the locomotion of C. elegans, we investigated the dose range that reduces whole-body locomotion or leads to death. Irradiation was performed in the range of 0-6 kGy. In the crawling analysis, motility decreased after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 6 kGy of radiation affected crawling on agar immediately and caused the complete loss of motility. Both γ-rays and carbon-ion beams significantly reduced crawling motility at 3 kGy. Next, swimming in buffer was measured as a motility index to assess the response over time after irradiation and motility similarly decreased. However, swimming partially recovered 6 h after irradiation with 3 kGy of γ-rays. To examine the possibility of a recovery mechanism, in situ GFP reporter assay of the autophagy-related gene lgg-1 was performed. The fluorescence intensity was stronger in the anterior half of the body 7 h after irradiation with 3 kGy of γ-rays. GFP::LGG-1 induction was observed in the pharynx, neurons along the body, and the intestine. Furthermore, worms were exposed to region-specific radiation with carbon-ion microbeams and the trajectory of crawling was measured by image processing. Motility was lower after anterior-half body irradiation than after posterior-half body irradiation. This further supported that the anterior half of the body is important in the locomotory response to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.M.)
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (T.S.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (Q.-M.Z.-A.); Tel.: +81-(0)27-346-9114 (M.S.); +81-(0)75-753-4097 (Q.-M.Z.-A.); Fax: +81-(0)27-346-9353 (M.S.); +81-(0)75-753-4087 (Q.-M.Z.-A.)
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Takahito Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation-Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan; (T.F.); (T.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; (A.Y.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (Q.-M.Z.-A.); Tel.: +81-(0)27-346-9114 (M.S.); +81-(0)75-753-4097 (Q.-M.Z.-A.); Fax: +81-(0)27-346-9353 (M.S.); +81-(0)75-753-4087 (Q.-M.Z.-A.)
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Targeted Central Nervous System Irradiation of Caenorhabditis elegans Induces a Limited Effect on Motility. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090289. [PMID: 32937967 PMCID: PMC7564402 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the tissue responsible for a biological function, that function can be experimentally perturbed by an external stimulus, such as radiation. Radiation can be precisely and finely administered and any subsequent change in function examined. To investigate the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in Caenorhabditis elegans’ locomotion, we irradiated a limited 20-µm-diameter area of the CNS with a single dose and evaluated the resulting effects on motility. However, whether irradiated area (beam size)-dependent or dose-dependent effects on motility occur via targeted irradiation remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the irradiated area- and dose-dependent effects of CNS-targeted irradiation on the motility of C. elegans using a collimating microbeam system and confirmed the involvement of the CNS and body-wall muscle cells around the CNS in motility. After CNS-targeted microbeam irradiation, C. elegans’ motility was assayed. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of CNS-targeted irradiation on motility reflecting direct effects on the irradiated CNS. In addition, when irradiated with 1000-Gy irradiation, irradiated area (beam size)-dependent effects were observed. This method has two technical advantages: Performing a series of on-chip imaging analyses before and after irradiation and targeted irradiation using a distinct ion-beam size.
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Furukawa S, Nagamatsu A, Nenoi M, Fujimori A, Kakinuma S, Katsube T, Wang B, Tsuruoka C, Shirai T, Nakamura AJ, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Harada H, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi J, Kunieda T, Funayama T, Suzuki M, Miyamoto T, Hidema J, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A. Space Radiation Biology for "Living in Space". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4703286. [PMID: 32337251 PMCID: PMC7168699 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4703286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Space travel has advanced significantly over the last six decades with astronauts spending up to 6 months at the International Space Station. Nonetheless, the living environment while in outer space is extremely challenging to astronauts. In particular, exposure to space radiation represents a serious potential long-term threat to the health of astronauts because the amount of radiation exposure accumulates during their time in space. Therefore, health risks associated with exposure to space radiation are an important topic in space travel, and characterizing space radiation in detail is essential for improving the safety of space missions. In the first part of this review, we provide an overview of the space radiation environment and briefly present current and future endeavors that monitor different space radiation environments. We then present research evaluating adverse biological effects caused by exposure to various space radiation environments and how these can be reduced. We especially consider the deleterious effects on cellular DNA and how cells activate DNA repair mechanisms. The latest technologies being developed, e.g., a fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator, to measure real-time cell cycle progression and DNA damage caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation are presented. Progress in examining the combined effects of microgravity and radiation to animals and plants are summarized, and our current understanding of the relationship between psychological stress and radiation is presented. Finally, we provide details about protective agents and the study of organisms that are highly resistant to radiation and how their biological mechanisms may aid developing novel technologies that alleviate biological damage caused by radiation. Future research that furthers our understanding of the effects of space radiation on human health will facilitate risk-mitigating strategies to enable long-term space and planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Furukawa
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Aiko Nagamatsu
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Chizuru Tsuruoka
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Asako J. Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Lab for Cell Function and Dynamics, CBS, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takekazu Kunieda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, QST, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Division for the Establishment of Frontier Sciences of the Organization for Advanced Studies, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Suzuki M, Sakashita T, Hattori Y, Yokota Y, Kobayashi Y, Funayama T. Development of ultra-thin chips for immobilization of Caenorhabditis elegans in microfluidic channels during irradiation and selection of buffer solution to prevent dehydration. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 306:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Suzuki M, Hattori Y, Sakashita T, Yokota Y, Kobayashi Y, Funayama T. Region-specific irradiation system with heavy-ion microbeam for active individuals of Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:881-886. [PMID: 28992248 PMCID: PMC5710645 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation may affect essential functions and behaviors such as locomotion, feeding, learning and memory. Although whole-body irradiation has been shown to reduce motility in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the detailed mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. Targeted irradiation of the nerve ring responsible for sensory integration and information processing would allow us to determine whether the reduction of motility following whole-body irradiation reflects effects on the central nervous system or on the muscle cells themselves. We therefore addressed this issue using a collimating microbeam system. However, radiation targeting requires the animal to be immobilized, and previous studies have anesthetized animals to prevent their movement, thus making it impossible to assess their locomotion immediately after irradiation. We developed a method in which the animal was enclosed in a straight, microfluidic channel in a polydimethylsiloxane chip to inhibit free motion during irradiation, thus allowing locomotion to be observed immediately after irradiation. The head region (including the central nervous system), mid region around the intestine and uterus, and tail region were targeted independently. Each region was irradiated with 12 000 carbon ions (12C; 18.3 MeV/u; linear energy transfer = 106.4 keV/μm), corresponding to 500 Gy at a φ20 μm region. Motility was significantly decreased by whole-body irradiation, but not by irradiation of any of the individual regions, including the central nervous system. This suggests that radiation inhibits locomotion by a whole-body mechanism, potentially involving motoneurons and/or body-wall muscle cells, rather than affecting motor control via the central nervous system and the stimulation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Suzuki
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yuya Hattori
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
- Present address: Department of Systems and Control Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakashita
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yokota
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Department of Radiation–Applied Biology Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST-Takasaki), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
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