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Cao T, Zhou X, Wu X, Zou Y. Cutaneous immune-related adverse events to immune checkpoint inhibitors: from underlying immunological mechanisms to multi-omics prediction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1207544. [PMID: 37497220 PMCID: PMC10368482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically altered the landscape of therapy for multiple malignancies, including urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and gastric cancer. As part of their anti-tumor properties, ICIs can enhance susceptibility to inflammatory side effects known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), in which the skin is one of the most commonly and rapidly affected organs. Although numerous questions still remain unanswered, multi-omics technologies have shed light into immunological mechanisms, as well as the correlation between ICI-induced activation of immune systems and the incidence of cirAE (cutaneous irAEs). Therefore, we reviewed integrated biological layers of omics studies combined with clinical data for the prediction biomarkers of cirAEs based on skin pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of a spectrum of dermatological irAEs, discuss the pathogenesis of this "off-tumor toxicity" during ICI treatment, and summarize recently investigated biomarkers that may have predictive value for cirAEs via multi-omics approach. Finally, we demonstrate the prognostic significance of cirAEs for immune checkpoint blockades.
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Nishimura K, Konishi T, Ochi T, Watanabe R, Noda T, Fukumoto T, Miura N, Miyauchi Y, Kikugawa T, Takenaka K, Saika T. CD21lo B Cells Could be a Potential Predictor of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060888. [PMID: 35743673 PMCID: PMC9225635 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy increases the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). In particular, combination checkpoint blockade (CCB) targeting inhibitory CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors could lead to irAEs at a higher rate than ICI monotherapy. Management of irAEs is important while using ICIs. However, there are no reliable biomarkers for predicting irAEs. The aim of this study was to elucidate early B cell changes after CCB therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and verify whether B cells can be a predictor of irAEs. This prospective cohort study was conducted with 23 Japanese patients with metastatic RCC. An increase in the proportion of CD21lo B cells and CD21lo memory B cells was confirmed following CCB therapy. Although there were no differences in clinical outcomes between irAE and no-irAE groups, the proportion of CD21lo B cells at baseline was lower in the irAE group, with a significant increase after the first cycle of CCB therapy. Further analysis revealed a moderate correlation between irAEs and CD21lo B cell levels at baseline (area under the curve: 0.83, cut-off: 3.13%, sensitivity: 92.3, specificity: 70.0). This finding indicates that patients with low baseline CD21lo B cell levels warrant closer monitoring for irAEs. The clinical registration number by the Certified Review Board of Ehime University is No. 1902011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5356
| | - Tatsuya Konishi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Toshiki Ochi
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Ryuta Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Terutaka Noda
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tetsuya Fukumoto
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Noriyoshi Miura
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyauchi
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Tadahiko Kikugawa
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
| | - Katsuto Takenaka
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (T.K.); (T.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Takashi Saika
- Department of Urology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan; (R.W.); (T.N.); (T.F.); (N.M.); (Y.M.); (T.K.); (T.S.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li W, Du Y, Hu W, Zhao J. Biomarkers and risk factors for the early prediction of immune-related adverse events: a review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2018894. [PMID: 35108160 PMCID: PMC8986173 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2018894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has been widely used to treat patients with malignant tumors. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) significantly improve the prognosis of cancer patients, the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is increasing. Not only can irAEs accumulate in multiple organ systems throughout the body, but rare adverse reactions may also occur continuously. In severe cases, irAEs can be life-threatening or even lead to death. Therefore, the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of irAEs are very important. Early identification of patients with high-risk irAEs as well as the reduction or avoidance of severe irAEs have important clinical significance. This article will review the research progress of early predictive biomarkers and risk factors for the occurrence of irAEs and propose potential future directions for follow-up research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiling Li
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunyi Du
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenqing Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Changzhi People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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