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McKenzie ND, Ahmad S. Impact of Lifestyle Interventions on Gynecologic Cancers: Beyond Diet and Exercise. Am J Lifestyle Med 2024; 18:7-20. [PMID: 39184272 PMCID: PMC11339763 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221123764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A Lifestyle Medicine approach to compliment cancer care is less commonly researched or implemented for women with gynecologic cancers as compared to better funded malignancies such as breast, prostate, and colorectal. Yet, several gynecologic malignancies are linked to obesity, estrogen/metabolic signaling pathways, and altered tumor microenvironment which could benefit greatly from a lifestyle medicine program. Lifestyle medicine, an evidenced-based branch of science, has expanded to the prevention and treatment of disorders caused by lifestyle factors (including cancer). Modifiable lifestyle factors such as obesity, lack of physical activity/nutrient density, microbial dysbiosis, sleep disturbance, and chronic stressors contribute greatly to cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This overarching area of research is evolving with some subtopics in their infancy requiring further investigation. Modern tools have allowed for better understanding of mechanisms by which adiposity and inactivity affect tumor promoting signaling pathways as well as the local tumor environment. Through the evolving use of these sophisticated techniques, novel prognostic biomarkers have emerged to explore efficacy of pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions in cancer. This state-of-the-art review article appraises recent evidence for a lifestyle medicine approach, beyond diet and exercise, to optimize survivorship and quality of life for patients with gynecologic cancers and introduces the 8-week web-based comprehensive HEAL-GYN program.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarfraz Ahmad
- Gynecologic Oncology Program, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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2
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Galasso L, Castelli L, Roveda E, Oliverio A, Baldassari I, Esposito F, Mulè A, Montaruli A, Patrizia P, Bruno E. Physical activity and sleep behaviour in women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12873. [PMID: 35896655 PMCID: PMC9329454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the potential association between sleep quality and physical activity (PA) in women carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations. 63 women completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Godin Shepard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSL-TPAQ) and were included in the present cross-sectional analysis. Globally, women showed a PSQI score of 7.0 ± 3.6 and a GSL-TPAQ score of 22.8 ± 18.3. Good sleepers (PSQI score ≤ 5) showed significantly higher PA levels compared to bad sleepers (PSQI score > 5). Women in the higher tertile of GSL-TPAQ total score (≥ 27 METs/week) have a prevalence ratio (PR) of being a good sleeper of 2.85 (1.25-6.52, 95% confidence intervals) compared to women in the lower tertile (≤ 11 METs/week). These results were consistent in BRCA1 and BRCA2 women. Considering each single question of PA intensity, the PR of being a good sleeper by unit of increase of MET/week was higher and significant in women engaged in strenuous and moderate intensity PA. These results suggests a direct association between PA and sleep quality in women carriers of BRCA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Galasso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Roveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Baldassari
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Mulè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Montaruli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasanisi Patrizia
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Oliverio A, Radice P, Colombo M, Paradiso A, Tommasi S, Daniele A, Terribile DA, Magno S, Guarino D, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Bruno E, Pasanisi P. The Impact of Mediterranean Dietary Intervention on Metabolic and Hormonal Parameters According to BRCA1/2 Variant Type. Front Genet 2022; 13:820878. [PMID: 35356420 PMCID: PMC8959623 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.820878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The female carriers of BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (mutations) face a high lifetime risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. However, the risk may differ depending on various genetic and non-genetic elements, including metabolic and hormonal factors. We previously showed that a 6-month Mediterranean dietary intervention trial reduced body weight and the levels of insulin-like growth factor I and other metabolic factors in BRCA mutation carriers. We also found that higher baseline levels of glucose and insulin were significantly associated with BRCA loss-of-function (LOF) variants. In this study, we evaluated whether the BRCA mutation type influences in a different way the metabolic and hormonal response to the dietary intervention in 366 female carriers. The LOF variant carriers randomized in the intervention group (IG) showed significantly higher changes in most considered parameters compared to the control group (CG). The nonsynonymous variant carriers in the IG showed similar changes, but none of them were statistically significant. Performing the “delta” analysis of differences (intention-to-treat analysis), we observed that in LOF variant carriers, the reduction of insulin levels was significantly more pronounced that in nonsynonymous variant carriers. These findings suggest that the changes in insulin levels might be modulated by a different response to the dietary intervention mediated by BRCA LOF variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Andreina Terribile
- Department of Women Health Area, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Guarino
- Department of Women Health Area, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Garcia-Pino G, Luna E, Blanco L, Tormo MÁ, Mota-Zamorano S, González LM, Azevedo L, Robles NR, Gervasini G. Body Fat Distribution, Adipocytokines Levels and Variability in Associated Genes and Kidney Transplant Outcomes. Prog Transplant 2022; 32:112-119. [PMID: 35290131 DOI: 10.1177/15269248221087436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Body fat distribution is known to contribute to a variety of pathologies. Research Questions: We aimed to assess whether this distribution is associated with clinical outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR) and to examine its relationship with leptin and adiponectin gene variants and plasma concentrations. Design: Bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed in 236 RTR. Leptin/adiponectin levels were measured by immunoassay and relevant polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) genes were identified. Associations were assessed by logistic regression modeling. Results: The waist-to-height ratio (WHr) displayed a significant association with delayed graft function, acute rejection and post-transplant diabetes mellitus, with OR values of 2.04 (1.02-4.08) p = 0.045; 3.08 (1.22-7.79) p = 0.017 and 2.79 (1.16-6.74) p = 0.022, respectively. Waist circumference was linked to delayed graft function [OR = 1.03 (1.01-1.05), p = 0.025] and AR [OR = 1.041 (1.01-1.07), p = 0.009]. Leptin levels were significantly higher in patients who experienced rejection [19.91 ± 23.72 versus 11.22 ± 16.42 ng/ml; OR = 1.021 (1.01-1.04), p = 0.017]. The ADIPOQ rs1501299TT genotype showed a significant association with higher WHr (0.63 ± 0.11 vs 0.59 ± 0.87 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.015) and WC values (102.3 ± 14.12 vs 96.38 ± 14.65 for GG/GT genotypes; p = 0.021). Conclusion: WC, and especially WHr, are associated with adverse outcomes in renal transplantation and are affected by variability in the ADIPOQ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Luna
- Service of Nephrology, 54390Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lourdes Blanco
- Service of Nephrology, 54390Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, 124872University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Luz M González
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, 124872University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lilia Azevedo
- Service of Nephrology, 54390Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Nicolás R Robles
- Service of Nephrology, 54390Badajoz University Hospital, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, 124872University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Daniele A, Divella R, Pilato B, Tommasi S, Pasanisi P, Patruno M, Digennaro M, Minoia C, Dellino M, Pisconti S, Casamassima P, Savino E, Paradiso AV. Can harmful lifestyle, obesity and weight changes increase the risk of breast cancer in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation carriers? A Mini review. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2021; 19:45. [PMID: 34706754 PMCID: PMC8554866 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-021-00199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes are associated with an inherited susceptibility to breast cancer with a cumulative risk of 60% in BRCA 1 mutation carriers and of 30% in BRCA 2 mutation carriers. Several lifestyle factors could play a role in determining an individual’s risk of breast cancer. Obesity, changes in body size or unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity have been evaluated as possible determinants of breast cancer risk. The aim of this study was to explore the current understanding of the role of harmful lifestyle and obesity or weight change in the development of breast cancer in female carriers of BRCA 1/2 mutations. Methods Articles were identified from MEDLINE in October 2020 utilizing related keywords; they were then read and notes, study participants, measures, data analysis and results were used to write this review. Results Studies with very large case series have been carried out but only few of them have shown consistent results. Additional research would be beneficial to better determine the actual role and impact of such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniele
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - R Divella
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - B Pilato
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - P Pasanisi
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Patruno
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS- Istituto "Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - M Digennaro
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS- Istituto "Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - C Minoia
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M Dellino
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S Pisconti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Moscati, Taranto, Italy
| | - P Casamassima
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Savino
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A V Paradiso
- Science Direction, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" Bari, Bari, Italy
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6
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Bruno E, Oliverio A, Paradiso AV, Daniele A, Tommasi S, Tufaro A, Terribile DA, Magno S, Filippone A, Venturelli E, Morelli D, Baldassari I, Cravana ML, Manoukian S, Pasanisi P. A Mediterranean Dietary Intervention in Female Carriers of BRCA Mutations: Results from an Italian Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3732. [PMID: 33322597 PMCID: PMC7764681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations face a high lifetime risk (penetrance) of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), body weight and markers of insulin resistance affect BRCA penetrance. We conducted a multicenter prospective two-armed (1:1) randomized controlled trial (NCT03066856) to investigate whether a Mediterranean dietary intervention with moderate protein restriction reduces IGF-I and other metabolic modulators of BRCA penetrance. Methods: BRCA carriers, with or without a previous cancer, aged 18-70 years and without metastases were randomly assigned to an active dietary intervention group (IG) or to a control group (CG). The primary endpoint of the intervention was the IGF-I reduction. Results: 416 women (216 in the IG and 200 in the CG) concluded the six-month dietary intervention. The IG showed significantly lowered serum levels of IGF-I (-11.3 ng/mL versus -1.3 ng/mL, p = 0.02), weight (-1.5 Kg versus -0.5 Kg, p < 0.001), waist circumference (-2 cm versus -0.7 cm, p = 0.01), hip circumference (-1.6 cm versus -0.5 cm, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (-10.2 mg/dL versus -3.6 mg/dL, p = 0.04) and triglycerides (-8.7 mg/dL versus + 5.5 mg/dL, p = 0.01) with respect to the CG. Conclusions: A Mediterranean dietary intervention with moderate protein restriction is effective in reducing IGF-I and other potential modulators of BRCA penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bruno
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Andreina Oliverio
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Angelo Virgilio Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Tufaro
- Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.); (A.T.)
| | - Daniela Andreina Terribile
- Department of Women Health Area, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.A.T.); (A.F.)
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Magno
- Department of Women and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessio Filippone
- Department of Women Health Area, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.A.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Venturelli
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Ivan Baldassari
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Luisa Cravana
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (A.O.); (E.V.); (I.B.); (M.L.C.)
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Oliverio A, Bruno E, Colombo M, Paradiso A, Tommasi S, Daniele A, Terribile DA, Magno S, Guarino D, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Radice P, Pasanisi P. BRCA1/2 Variants and Metabolic Factors: Results From a Cohort of Italian Female Carriers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3584. [PMID: 33266155 PMCID: PMC7761428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Women carriers of pathogenic variants (mutations) in the BRCA1/2 genes face a high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and/or ovarian cancer (OC). However, metabolic factors may influence BRCA penetrance. We studied the association of metabolic factors with BRCA1/2 variants and the risk effect of metabolic exposures in relation to the position of the mutations within the BRCA1/2. Overall, 438 women carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, aged 18-70, with or without a previous diagnosis of BC/OC and without metastases, who joined our randomized dietary trial, were included in the study. The pathogenic variants were divided, according to their predicted effect, into loss of function (LOF) and nonsynonymous variants. The association between metabolic exposures and variants were analyzed by a logistic regression model. LOF variant carriers showed higher levels of metabolic parameters compared to carriers of nonsynonymous variants. LOF variant carriers had significantly higher levels of plasma glucose and serum insulin than nonsynonymous variant carriers (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001, respectively). This study suggests that higher insulin levels are significantly associated with LOF variants. Further investigations are required to explore the association of metabolic factors with LOF variants and the mechanisms by which these factors may affect BRCA-related cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Oliverio
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.O.); (E.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Eleonora Bruno
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.O.); (E.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Mara Colombo
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Experimental Oncology, Center for Study of Heredo-Familial Tumors, IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Daniela Andreina Terribile
- Università Cattolica S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.A.T.); (D.G.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Magno
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.O.); (E.B.); (P.P.)
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