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Raichurkar P, Kaushal D, Wilson RB. ADOPTERs of Innovation in a Crisis: The History of Vera Gedroits, Kanehiro Takaki and the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2024; 5:e422. [PMID: 38911635 PMCID: PMC11191903 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War was the first "modern" conflict, using rapid-firing artillery and machine guns, fought over imperial ambitions in Korea and Manchuria. During the war, Princess Vera Gedroits pioneered early laparotomy for penetrating abdominal wounds with unprecedented success. Her techniques were then adopted by the Russian Society of Military Doctors. However, Allied forces took 10 years to adopt operative management of penetrating abdominal wounds over conservative management. Gedroits was later appointed in Kyiv as the world's first female Professor of Surgery. Kanehiro Takaki, a Japanese Naval surgeon, showed in 1884 a diet of barley, meat, milk, bread, and beans, rather than polished white rice, eliminated beriberi in the Japanese Navy. Despite this success, the Japanese Army failed to change the white rice rations until March 1905. During the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War, an estimated 250,000 Japanese soldiers developed beriberi, of whom 27,000 died. Japan's 1905 defeat of Russia sowed the seeds of discontent with Tsar Nicholas' rule, culminating in the 1917 Russian Revolution. Although the Russian Navy was destroyed, Japan ceded North Sakhalin Island to Russia in peace negotiations, and Russia seized Manchuria, South Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands in 1945. We highlight the contributions of Gedroits and Takaki, 2 intellectual prodigies who respectively pioneered rapid triage and surgical management of trauma and a cure for beriberi. We aim to show how both these surgeons challenged entrenched dogma and the cultural and political zeitgeist, and risked their professional reputations and their lives in being ADOPTERs of innovation during a crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Raichurkar
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, From the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH), Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Department of General Surgery, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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Tanaka K, Ao M, Kuwabara A. Insufficiency of B vitamins with its possible clinical implications. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 67:19-25. [PMID: 32801464 PMCID: PMC7417807 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency causes classical deficiency diseases such as beriberi and rickets. Vitamin insufficiency, which is milder than deficiency, is a risk for various chronic diseases, but its significance has not been recognized in Japan. Vitamin D insufficiency is quite common in Japan, and a serious risk for osteoporotic fracture through its unbeneficial effect on bone and muscle. Insufficiency of B vitamins has been little studied. However, hyperhomocysteinemia caused by the insufficiency of vitamin B12 or folate is a risk for cardiovascular disease, osteoporotic fracture, and cognitive impairment. Additionally, we have recently reported that vitamin B1 insufficiency is a risk for heart failure in the elderly. The effect of improvement of nutritional status including vitamins is less marked compared to drug treatment, but it costs far less, and is suited for the primary prevention of diseases. Randomized controlled trial is considered the study with the most robust evidence in the evaluation of drug treatment, but more emphasis should be put on the well-designed cohort studies in evaluating the role of nutrients. Vitamin insufficiency is quite prevalent, and vitamin requirement is much higher for its prevention than for the prevention of deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Ikawadanicho-Arise, Nishi, Kobe 651-2180, Japan
| | - Misora Ao
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women’s University, 4-2-26 Hishiyanishi, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8550, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuwabara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
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Ao M, Yamamoto K, Ohta J, Abe Y, Niki N, Inoue S, Tanaka S, Kuwabara A, Miyawaki T, Tanaka K. Possible involvement of thiamine insufficiency in heart failure in the institutionalized elderly. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 64:239-242. [PMID: 31138958 PMCID: PMC6529701 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.18-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major manifestation of thiamine deficiency; beriberi. Even thiamine insufficiency, milder than deficiency, may be associated with increased heart failure risk. In this cross-sectional study, the relationship between thiamine insufficiency and heart failure was investigated in the Japanese institutionalized elderly from April to November 2017. Fifty-five subjects in four care facilities were evaluated for their whole blood thiamine and plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations. Mean whole blood thiamine concentration was 88.7 ± 22.3 nmol/L in men and 92.0 ± 16.5 nmol/L in women, and significantly and negatively correlated with plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentrations (r = −0.378, p = 0.007). In the multiple regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, body mass index, and eGFR, whole blood thiamine concentration was a significant negative contributor (standardized coefficient β = −0.488, p = 0.001) to plasma brain natriuretic peptide. In the logistic regression analysis adjusted by the same variables, whole blood thiamine concentration significantly contributed to plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration higher than over 40 pg/ml (OR: 0.898, 95%CI: 0.838–0.962). Whole blood thiamine concentration in subjects with diuretics was significantly lower than those without it (p = 0.023). Thiamine insufficiency was related to increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration and may increase the risk of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misora Ao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Kanae Yamamoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Ohta
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
| | - Yasusei Abe
- Nursing Care Home, Airanomori Ujigokasho, 19-1 Gokasho-tonouchi, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naho Niki
- Nursing Care Center, Care House Ajisai, 4-1-3 Kamo-cho-ekihigashi, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-1154, Japan
| | - Shino Inoue
- Nursing Care Center, Care House Yamabuki, 36-35 Ujisatojiri, Uji, Kyoto 611-0021, Japan
| | - Shinzo Tanaka
- Nursing Care Home, Villa Joyo, 1 Ichinobe-sasahara, Joyo, Kyoto 610-0114, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyawaki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan.,Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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