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Tremblay M, Hamel C, Viau-Guay A, Giroux D. User Experience of the Co-design Research Approach in eHealth: Activity Analysis With the Course-of-Action Framework. JMIR Hum Factors 2022; 9:e35577. [PMID: 35943783 PMCID: PMC9399883 DOI: 10.2196/35577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cocreation of eHealth solutions with potential users, or co-design, can help make the solution more acceptable. However, the co-design research approach requires substantial investment, and projects are not always fruitful. Researchers have provided guidelines for the co-design approach, but these are either applicable only in specific situations or not supported by empirical data. Ways to optimize the experience of the co-design process from the point of view of the participants are also missing. Scientific literature in the co-design field generally provides an extrinsic description of the experience of participants in co-design projects. Objective We addressed this issue by describing a co-design project and focusing on the participants’ experiences looking at what was significant from their point of view. Methods We used a qualitative situated cognitive anthropology approach for this study. Data were collected on a co-design research project that aimed to support the help-seeking process of caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. The methodology was based on the perspective of experience by Dewey and used the course-of-action theoretical and methodological framework. Data collection was conducted in 2 phases: observation of participants and recording of sessions and participant self-confrontation interviews using the session recordings. We interviewed 27% (20/74) of the participants. We analyzed the data through nonexclusive emerging categorization of themes using the constant comparative method. Results In total, 5 emerging themes were identified. The perception of extrinsic constraints and the effects of the situation was central and the most important theme, affecting other themes (frustrating interactions with others, learning together, destabilization, and getting personal benefits). Co-occurrences between codes allowed for a visual and narrative understanding of what was significant for the participants during this project. The results highlighted the importance of the role of the research team in preparing and moderating the sessions. They also provided a detailed description of the interactions between participants during the sessions, which is a core aspect of the co-design approach. There were positive and negative aspects of the participants’ experiences during this co-design project. Reflecting on our results, we provided potential affordances to shape the experience of participants in co-design. Conclusions Potential users are an essential component of the co-design research approach. Researchers and designers should seek to offer these users a positive and contributory experience to encourage participation in further co-design initiatives. Future research should explore how the proposed affordances influence the success of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tremblay
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,VITAM Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Hamel
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anabelle Viau-Guay
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Giroux
- VITAM Centre de recherche en santé durable, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada
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2
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Lyu M, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Hao X, Qin Y, Li K. Benefits of and barriers to telehealth for the informal caregivers of elderly individuals in rural areas: A scoping review. Aust J Rural Health 2022; 30:442-457. [PMID: 35460580 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maintaining care for elderly individuals in rural areas is heavily dependent on support from informal caregivers. Many informal caregivers of the elderly in rural areas feel burdened and urgently require professional support. Interests in telehealth that can provide support irrespective of geographical location have been increasing. OBJECTIVE To identify the benefits of and barriers in telehealth engagement for rural caregivers to provide evidence for service improvement. DESIGN A scoping review method was used following PRISMA-ScR guidelines and Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage framework. Five databases were searched. The search terms were chosen based on the target intervention (i.e. telehealth), target population (caregivers of elderly individuals) and target context (rural areas). Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data from eligible studies. FINDINGS Of 4220 retrieved studies, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. This study identified four benefits of and two barriers to telehealth for rural caregivers. Four subthemes were identified as the key benefits in using telehealth for caregivers: decrease in psychological distress, increase in care efficiency, increase in social support and increase in access to resources, while inadequate telehealth infrastructures and caregivers' own reasons were the primary barriers in using telehealth for those populations. CONCLUSIONS Telehealth was shown to significantly benefit rural caregivers. Future research can be designed and conducted for overcoming the barriers to telehealth. Additionally, the benefits identified by this review need to be translated from research into practice for rural caregivers' care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaohua Lyu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiheng Zhao
- Orthopaedics Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaonan Hao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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3
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Mooses K, Camacho M, Cavallo F, Burnard MD, Dantas C, D’Onofrio G, Fernandes A, Fiorini L, Gama A, Perandrés Gómez A, Gonzalez L, Guardado D, Iqbal T, Sanchez Melero M, Melero Muñoz FJ, Moreno Muro FJ, Nijboer F, Ortet S, Rovini E, Toccafondi L, Tunc S, Taveter K. Involving Older Adults During COVID-19 Restrictions in Developing an Ecosystem Supporting Active Aging: Overview of Alternative Elicitation Methods and Common Requirements From Five European Countries. Front Psychol 2022; 13:818706. [PMID: 35295401 PMCID: PMC8918691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information and communication technology solutions have the potential to support active and healthy aging and improve monitoring and treatment outcomes. To make such solutions acceptable, all stakeholders must be involved in the requirements elicitation process. Due to the COVID-19 situation, alternative approaches to commonly used face-to-face methods must often be used. One aim of the current article is to share a unique experience from the Pharaon project where due to the COVID-19 outbreak alternative elicitation methods were used. In addition, an overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals identified by six pilot sites is presented to complement the knowledge about the needs of older adults. Methods Originally planned face-to-face co-creation seminars were impossible to carry out, and all pilot sites chose alternative requirements elicitation methods that were most suitable in their situation. The elicited requirements were presented in the form of goal models. In one summary goal model, we provide an overview of common functional, quality, and emotional goals. Results Different elicitation methods were combined based on the digital literacy of the target group and their access to digital tools. Methods applied without digital technologies were phone interviews, reviews of literature and previous projects, while by means of digital technologies online interviews, online questionnaires, and (semi-)virtual co-creation seminars were conducted. The combination of the methods allowed to involve all planned stakeholders. Virtual and semi-virtual co-creation seminars created collaborative environment comparable to face-to-face situations, while online participation helped to save the time of the participants. The most prevalent functional goals elicited were “Monitor health,” “Receive advice,” “Receive information.” “Easy to use/comfortable,” “personalized/tailored,” “automatic/smart” were identified as most prevalent quality goals. Most frequently occurring emotional goals were “involved,” “empowered,” and “informed.” Conclusion There are alternative methods to face-to-face co-creation seminars, which effectively involve older adults and other stakeholders in the requirements elicitation process. Despite the used elicitation method, the requirements can be easily transformed into goal models to present the results in a uniform way. The common requirements across different pilots provided a strong foundation for representing detailed requirements and input for further software development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerli Mooses
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Kerli Mooses,
| | - Mariana Camacho
- Department of Innovation, Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA), Amadora, Portugal
| | - Filippo Cavallo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael David Burnard
- InnoRenew CoE, Izola, Slovenia
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Carina Dantas
- Cáritas Diocesana de Coimbra (CDC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Grazia D’Onofrio
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”—IRCCS, Foggia, Italy
| | - Adriano Fernandes
- Department of Innovation, Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA), Amadora, Portugal
| | - Laura Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Gama
- Department of Innovation, Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Amadora (SCMA), Amadora, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Tahira Iqbal
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - María Sanchez Melero
- Technical Research Centre of Furniture and Wood of the Region of Murcia, Yecla, Spain
| | - Francisco José Melero Muñoz
- Technical Research Centre of Furniture and Wood of the Region of Murcia, Yecla, Spain
- Telecommunication Networks Engineering Group, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - Femke Nijboer
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ortet
- Cáritas Diocesana de Coimbra (CDC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Erika Rovini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Sefora Tunc
- Biomedical Signals and Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Kuldar Taveter
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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4
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Tremblay M, Latulippe K, Guay M, Provencher V, Giguère A, Poulin V, Dubé V, Giroux D. Usability of a Co-designed eHealth Prototype for Caregivers: Combination Study of Three Frameworks. JMIR Hum Factors 2021; 8:e26532. [PMID: 34406123 PMCID: PMC8411328 DOI: 10.2196/26532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Co-design (or the participation of users) has shown great potential in the eHealth domain, demonstrating positive results. Nevertheless, the co-design approach cannot guarantee the usability of the system designed, and usability assessment is a complex analysis to perform, as evaluation criteria will differ depending on the usability framework (or set of criteria) used. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) on usability (ISO 9241-210), Nielsen heuristic, and Garrett element of user experience inform different yet complementary aspects of usability. Objective This study aims to assess the usability and user experience of a co-design prototype by combining 3 complementary frameworks. Methods To help caregivers provide care for functionally impaired older people, an eHealth tool was co-designed with caregivers, health and social service professionals, and community workers assisting caregivers. The prototype was a website that aims to support the help-seeking process for caregivers (finding resources) and allow service providers to advertise their services (offering resources). We chose an exploratory study method to assess usability in terms of each objective. The first step was to assess users’ first impressions of the website. The second was a task scenario with a think-aloud protocol. The final step was a semistructured interview. All steps were performed individually (with a moderator) in a single session. The data were analyzed using 3 frameworks. Results A total of 10 participants were recruited, 5 for each objective of the website. We were able to identify several usability problems, most of which were located in the information design and interface design dimensions (Garrett framework). Problems in both dimensions were mainly coded as effectiveness and efficiency (ISO framework) and error prevention and match between the systemand the real world (Nielsen heuristic). Conclusions Our study provided a novel contribution about usability analysis by combining the 3 different models to classify the problems found. This combination provided a holistic understanding of the usability improvements needed. It can also be used to analyze other eHealth products. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11634
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tremblay
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Latulippe
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Guay
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Center of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Center of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anick Giguère
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Poulin
- Université du Québec in Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Dubé
- Research Centre of the University Hospital of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Giroux
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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5
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Chaar D, Shin JY, Mazzoli A, Vue R, Kedroske J, Chappell G, Hanauer DA, Barton D, Hassett AL, Choi SW. A Mobile Health App (Roadmap 2.0) for Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Qualitative Study on Family Caregivers' Perspectives and Design Considerations. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e15775. [PMID: 31651402 PMCID: PMC6913725 DOI: 10.2196/15775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), also referred to as blood and marrow transplantation (BMT), is a high-risk, but potentially curative therapy for a number of cancer and noncancer conditions. BMT Roadmap (Roadmap 1.0) is a mobile health app that was developed as a family caregiver–facing tool to provide informational needs about the health status of patients undergoing inpatient HCT. Objective This study explored the views and perceptions of family caregivers of patients undergoing HCT and their input regarding further technology development and expansion of BMT Roadmap into the outpatient setting (referred to as Roadmap 2.0). Methods Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted among 24 family caregivers. Questions were developed from existing literature coupled with prior in-depth observations and interviews in hospital-based settings to explore the study objectives. Participants were recruited during routine outpatient clinic appointments of HCT patients, and all interviews were conducted in the participants’ homes, the setting in which Roadmap 2.0 is intended for use. A thematic analysis was performed using a consistent set of codes derived from our prior research. New emerging codes were also included, and the coding structure was refined with iterative cycles of coding and data collection. Results Four major themes emerged through our qualitative analysis: (1) stress related to balancing caregiving duties; (2) learning and adapting to new routines (resilience); (3) balancing one’s own needs with the patient’s needs (insight); and (4) benefits of caregiving. When caregivers were further probed about their views on engagement with positive activity interventions (ie, pleasant activities that promote positive emotions and well-being such as expressing gratitude or engaging in activities that promote positive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors), they preferred a “menu” of positive activities to help support caregiver health and well-being. Conclusions This study involved family caregivers as participants in the development of new components for Roadmap 2.0. Our research provided a further understanding of the many priorities that hematopoietic stem cell transplant family caregivers face while maintaining balance in their lives. Their schedules can often be unpredictable, even more so once the patient is discharged from the hospital. Our findings suggest that expanding Roadmap 2.0 into the outpatient setting may provide critical caregiver support and that HCT caregivers are interested in and willing to engage in positive activities that may enhance well-being and attenuate the stress associated with caregiving. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/resprot.4918
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Chaar
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ji Youn Shin
- Michigan State University, College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Department of Media and Information, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amanda Mazzoli
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rebecca Vue
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacob Kedroske
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Grant Chappell
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David A Hanauer
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Debra Barton
- University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Afton L Hassett
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Department of Anesthesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sung Won Choi
- University of Michigan, Medical School, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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6
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Giroux D, Tremblay M, Latulippe K, Provencher V, Poulin V, Giguere A, Dubé V, Sévigny A, Guay M, Ethier S, Carignan M. Promoting Identification and Use of Aid Resources by Caregivers of Seniors: Co-Design of an Electronic Health Tool. JMIR Aging 2019; 2:e12314. [PMID: 31518284 PMCID: PMC6744817 DOI: 10.2196/12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of supporting caregivers is recognized in home care for older persons, and facilitating their help-seeking process is a way to meet that need. The use of electronic health (eHealth) is a potentially promising solution to facilitate caregivers' help-seeking process. OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to develop, in partnership with community organizations, health and social service professionals and caregivers, an eHealth tool promoting the earlier identification of needs of older persons and an optimal use of available resources. METHODS To design the tool, 8 co-design sessions (CoDs) were conducted and 3 advisory committees were created (in 11 regions) in Quebec between May 2017 and May 2018. A variety of methods were used, including the sorting method, the use of personas, eHealth tool analysis, brainstorming, sketching, prototyping, and pretesting. RESULTS A total of 74 co-designers (women n=64 and men n=10) were recruited to participate in the CoDs or the advisory committees. This number allowed for the identification of needs to which the tool must respond and for the identification of its requirements (functionalities and content), as well as for the development of the information architecture. Throughout the study, adjustments were made to the planning of CoD, notably because certain steps required more sessions than expected. Among others, this was true for the identification of functionalities. CONCLUSIONS This study led to the development of an eHealth tool for caregivers of functionally dependent older persons to help them identify their needs and the resources available to meet them. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Giroux
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Tremblay
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Latulippe
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Center of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Poulin
- Université du Québec in Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anik Giguere
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Dubé
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the University Hospital of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrée Sévigny
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Guay
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Center of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Ethier
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Carignan
- Center of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada
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7
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Tremblay M, Latulippe K, Giguere AM, Provencher V, Poulin V, Dubé V, Guay M, Ethier S, Sévigny A, Carignan M, Giroux D. Requirements for an Electronic Health Tool to Support the Process of Help Seeking by Caregivers of Functionally Impaired Older Adults: Co-Design Approach. JMIR Aging 2019; 2:e12327. [PMID: 31518279 PMCID: PMC6715009 DOI: 10.2196/12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Quebec, Canada, many public, community, and private organizations provide resources to caregivers of functionally impaired older adults. Nevertheless, these resources may be difficult for caregivers to find. A co-design study was conducted to address the gap between caregivers and access to resources. The purpose of this study was to support the process of help seeking by caregivers of functionally impaired older adults through electronic health (eHealth). Objective The purpose of this study was to focus on the identification of functional and content requirements for an eHealth tool to support the help-seeking process of caregivers of functionally impaired older adults. Methods This study uses a co-design process based on qualitative action research approach to develop an eHealth tool with health and social service professionals (HSSPs), community workers, and caregivers. The participants acted as co-designers in identifying requirements for the tool. A total of 4 design workshops and 1 advisory committee session were held in different locations in Quebec, Canada. Activities were videotaped and analyzed with a conceptual framework of user experience. Results A total of 11 caregivers, 16 community workers, and 11 HSSPs participated in identifying the requirements for the eHealth tool. Several functional and content requirements were identified for each user need (19). Content requirements differed depending on the category of participant, corresponding to the concept of user segmentation in the design of information and communication technology. Nevertheless, there were disagreements among co-designers about specific functionalities, which included (1) functionalities related to the social Web, (2) functionalities related to the evaluation of resources for caregivers, and (3) functionalities related to the emerging technologies. Several co-design sessions were required to resolve disagreements. Conclusions Co-designers (participants) were able to identify functional and content requirements for each of the previously identified needs; however, several discussions were required to achieve consensus. Decision making was influenced by identity, social context, and participants’ knowledge, and it is a challenge to reconcile the different perspectives. The findings stressed the importance of allowing more time to deal with the iterative aspect of the design activity, especially during the identification of requirements of an eHealth tool. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11634
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Tremblay
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Latulippe
- Department of Teaching and Learning Studies, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Anik Mc Giguere
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Poulin
- Université du Québec in Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Dubé
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Centre of the University Hospital of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Guay
- School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre of Research on Aging, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Ethier
- Centre of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Andrée Sévigny
- Centre of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,School of Social Work and Criminology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maude Carignan
- Centre of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Giroux
- Centre of Excellence on Aging Quebec, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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