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Beaulieu JC, Boue SM, Goufo P. Health-promoting germinated rice and value-added foods: a comprehensive and systematic review of germination effects on brown rice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11570-11603. [PMID: 35816149 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, thousands of articles have appeared examining the effects of soaking and germinating brown rice (BR). Variable germination conditions and methods have been employed to measure different health-beneficial parameters in a diverse germplasm of BR. Research results may therefore appear inconsistent with occasional anomalies, and it may be difficult to reach consensus concerning expected trends. Herein, we amassed a comprehensive review on germinated brown rice (GBR), attempting to codify 133 peer-reviewed articles regarding the effects on 164 chemical parameters related to health and nutrition in BR and in value-added food products. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020) approach was used to direct the flow of the literature search. A pair-wise comparison t-test was performed to deliver an overall approach indicating when a given compound has been found to significantly increase or decrease through germination, which was grouped into GABA and polyamines, γ-Oryzanol and phytosterols, phenolic compounds, vitamins, proteins and amino acids, starchy carbohydrates, free sugars, lipids, minerals and phytic acid. This resource will stimulate interest in germinating rice and optimistically help increase both production and consumption of highly nutritious, health-beneficial rice with pigmented bran.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Beaulieu
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Food Processing & Sensory Quality Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Piebiep Goufo
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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Renall N, Lawley B, Vatanen T, Merz B, Douwes J, Corbin M, Te Morenga L, Kruger R, Breier BH, Tannock GW. The fecal microbiotas of women of Pacific and New Zealand European ethnicities are characterized by distinctive enterotypes that reflect dietary intakes and fecal water content. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2178801. [PMID: 36799472 PMCID: PMC9980675 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2178801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition that is an important risk factor for noncommunicable diseases including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. While prevention and management require a healthy and energy balanced diet and adequate physical activity, the taxonomic composition and functional attributes of the colonic microbiota may have a supplementary role in the development of obesity. The taxonomic composition and metabolic capacity of the fecal microbiota of 286 women, resident in Auckland New Zealand, was determined by metagenomic analysis. Associations with BMI (obese, nonobese), body fat composition, and ethnicity (Pacific, n = 125; NZ European women [NZE], n = 161) were assessed using regression analyses. The fecal microbiotas were characterized by the presence of three distinctive enterotypes, with enterotype 1 represented in both Pacific and NZE women (39 and 61%, respectively), enterotype 2 mainly in Pacific women (84 and 16%) and enterotype 3 mainly in NZE women (13 and 87%). Enterotype 1 was characterized mainly by the relative abundances of butyrate producing species, Eubacterium rectale and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, enterotype 2 by the relative abundances of lactic acid producing species, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus ruminis, and enterotype 3 by the relative abundances of Subdoligranulum sp., Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Enterotypes were also associated with BMI, visceral fat %, and blood cholesterol. Habitual food group intake was estimated using a 5 day nonconsecutive estimated food record and a 30 day, 220 item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Higher intake of 'egg' and 'dairy' products was associated with enterotype 3, whereas 'non-starchy vegetables', 'nuts and seeds' and 'plant-based fats' were positively associated with enterotype 1. In contrast, these same food groups were inversely associated with enterotype 2. Fecal water content, as a proxy for stool consistency/colonic transit time, was associated with microbiota taxonomic composition and gene pools reflective of particular bacterial biochemical pathways. The fecal microbiotas of women of Pacific and New Zealand European ethnicities are characterized by distinctive enterotypes, most likely due to differential dietary intake and fecal consistency/colonic transit time. These parameters need to be considered in future analyses of human fecal microbiotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Renall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand,Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Blair Lawley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-InstitutKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marine Corbin
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Te Morenga
- Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard H Breier
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand,Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gerald W Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,CONTACT Gerald W Tannock Department of Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Vasilyeva LE, Drapkina OM. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases Development. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that leads to excessive adipose tissue accumulation, mainly visceral fat. Importance and prevalence of obesity has increased significantly in recent decades all over the world. Until now, the pandemic of obesity has been associated more to lifestyle changes: excessive eating and low physical activity. In recent years, special attention has been paid to studying of composition and functions of intestinal microbiota as major factor in development of obesity and related comorbidities, such as hypertension, cardiac ischemia, heart failure and others. It is proved that gut microbiota affects extraction, accumulation and consumption of energy derived from food, lipid metabolism and immune response. It is also revealed that composition of the microbiota is different in thin and obese people. Thus, study of the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, in particular obesity, is an actual task. The purpose of this review is analyzing of literature about assessment of relationship between composition and functions of intestinal microbiota in the diagnostics, prevention and treatment of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Vasilyeva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Xin GY, Wang Y, Ma YB, Pei DS. Disruption of Intestinal Homeostasis Through Altered Responses of the Microbial Community, Energy Metabolites, and Immune System in Zebrafish After Chronic Exposure to DEHP. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729530. [PMID: 34675901 PMCID: PMC8524448 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitously reported in global water bodies and exhibits various environmental and human health risks. However, the effects of DEHP chronic exposure on the intestinal microbiota and associated host health concerns in aquatic species are still largely unexplored. In this study, chronic exposure to DEHP at environmental levels significantly increased the body weight, length, and body mass index (BMI), especially in male fish. The microbial community was disrupted with the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genera diversity for Prevotella-7, Deefgea, PeM15, Halomonas, Akkermansia, Chitinibacter, and Roseomonas, which are significantly activated in zebrafish after exposure to DEHP. The height of the gut villus, the thickness of muscularis layer, and the number of goblet cells per villus were significantly decreased, as well as showed differences between female and male zebrafish. Further, the levels of energy-related metabolites in gut tissues were increased, compared to the control group. The expression levels of immune-related genes (interleukin 8, il-8, also referred to as cxcl8a), microbial defense-related genes (lysozyme, lyz, interleukin 10, and il-10), and obesity-related genes (aquaporin 8a, aqp8, mucin 2.1, muc2.1, fibroblast growth factor 2, fgf2, and proopiomelanocortin a, pomca) were significantly up-regulated in zebrafish, except the down-regulated expressions of toll-like receptor-5 (tlr-5) and interleukin 1β (il-1β) in the females and pomca in the males, respectively. Importantly, Spearman's correlation analyses revealed that the levels of metabolites and gene expressions in the gut were closely related to the dominant microbial genera, such as Aeromonas, Deefgea, Akkermansia, PeM15, Mycobacterium, and Rhodobacter. Taken together, chronic exposure to DEHP at environmental levels disturbed bacterial composition accompanied by the altered expressions of intestinal metabolites and the critical immune and intestinal function-related genes, which provided novel insights into DEHP effects on perturbation of gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xin
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ellington M, Connelly J, Clayton P, Lorenzo CY, Collazo-Velazquez C, Trak-Fellermeier MA, Palacios C. Use of Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for recruiting healthy participants in nutrition-, physical activity-, or obesity-related studies: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:514-533. [PMID: 34669955 PMCID: PMC8827067 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited systematic reviews exploring the use of social media for recruiting participants specifically for nutrition-, physical activity-, and obesity-related studies. OBJECTIVES The aim was to conduct a systematic review on the effectiveness of using social media (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) for recruiting healthy participants in nutrition-, physical activity-, or obesity-related studies. METHODS Studies were identified from 5 databases and included if they reported the number of participants recruited by social media (Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter) vs. traditional (print, e-mail, etc.). The effectiveness of recruitment was compared between methods by study procedures (in-person vs. online procedures). The cost-effectiveness of methods was also explored. The protocol was published in the Prospero database (ID# CRD42020204414). RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included. Among studies with both types of recruitment methods, 49% of the sample was reached through traditional methods, 40% through social media, and the rest by other methods. For in-person study procedures, the median number of participants recruited using social media was 19 (range: 3-278) and for online study procedures, it was 298 (range: 3-17,069). Median recruitment cost using social media (n = 14 studies) was $11.90 (range: $0-517) per participant, while this varied considerably for traditional methods depending on how it was calculated ($214, $18.9-$777). The ratio of participants reached vs. recruited was 0.12%; the overall ratio of participants interactions vs. recruited was 21.2%. CONCLUSIONS For in-person study procedures, traditional recruitment methods were more effective than social media, but for online study procedures, about half reported that social media was more effective. While more potential participants were reached through social media, only 21.2% of those who interacted with ads were enrolled. With the increased use of social media, their use for recruitment may be more frequent; therefore, future reviews may show different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Ellington
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeneene Connelly
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Priscilla Clayton
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - C Yaisli Lorenzo
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christina Collazo-Velazquez
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - María Angélica Trak-Fellermeier
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Slater J, Kruger R, Douwes J, O’Brien WJ, Corbin M, Miles-Chan JL, Breier BH. Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Associated With Body Composition and Metabolic Profiles of Pacific and New Zealand European Women With Different Metabolic Disease Risks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684782. [PMID: 34122148 PMCID: PMC8188826 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess associations between physical activity (PA), body composition, and biomarkers of metabolic health in Pacific and New Zealand European (NZE) women who are known to have different metabolic disease risks. Methods: Pacific (n = 142) or NZE (n = 162) women aged 18-45 years with a self-reported body mass index (BMI) of either 18.5-25.0 kg⋅m-2 or ≥30.0 kg⋅m-2 were recruited and subsequently stratified as either low (<35%) or high (≥35%) BF%, with approximately half of each group in either category. Seven-day accelerometery was used to assess PA levels. Fasting blood was analysed for biomarkers of metabolic health, and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to estimate body composition. Results: Mean moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; min⋅day-1) levels differed between BF% (p < 0.05) and ethnic (p < 0.05) groups: Pacific high- 19.1 (SD 15.2) and low-BF% 26.3 (SD 15.6) and NZE high- 30.5 (SD 19.1) and low-BF% 39.1 (SD 18.4). On average Pacific women in the low-BF% group engaged in significantly less total PA when compared to NZE women in the low-BF% group (133 cpm); no ethnic difference in mean total PA (cpm) between high-BF% groups were observed: Pacific high- 607 (SD 185) and low-BF% 598 (SD 168) and NZE high- 674 (SD 210) and low-BF% 731 (SD 179). Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age and deprivation showed a significant inverse association between increasing total PA and fasting plasma insulin among Pacific women; every 100 cpm increase in total PA was associated with a 6% lower fasting plasma insulin; no significant association was observed in NZE women. For both Pacific and NZE women, there was an 8% reduction in fasting plasma insulin for every 10-min increase in MVPA (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Increases in total PA and MVPA are associated with lower fasting plasma insulin, thus indicating a reduction in metabolic disease risk. Importantly, compared to NZE, the impact of increased total PA on fasting insulin may be greater in Pacific women. Considering Pacific women are a high metabolic disease risk population, these pre-clinical responses to PA may be important in this population; indicating promotion of PA in Pacific women should remain a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Slater
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jeroen Douwes
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Wendy J. O’Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marine Corbin
- Research Centre for Hauora and Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L. Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bernhard H. Breier
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Centre of Research Excellence, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Microbiome Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Li G, Li W, Song B, Wang C, Shen Q, Li B, Tang D, Xu C, Geng H, Gao Y, Wang G, Wu H, Zhang Z, Xu X, Zhou P, Wei Z, He X, Cao Y. Differences in the Gut Microbiome of Women With and Without Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Case Control Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25342. [PMID: 33629964 PMCID: PMC7952237 DOI: 10.2196/25342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is receiving considerable attention as a potentially modifiable risk factor and therapeutic target for numerous mental and neurological diseases. Objective This study aimed to explore and assess the difference in the composition of gut microbes and fecal metabolites between women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) and healthy controls. Methods We employed an online recruitment method to enroll “hard-to-reach” HSDD populations. After a stringent diagnostic and exclusion process based on DSM-IV criteria, fecal samples collected from 24 women with HSDD and 22 age-matched, healthy controls underwent microbiome analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and metabolome analysis using untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results We found a decreased abundance of Ruminococcaceae and increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus among women with HSDD. Fecal samples from women with HSDD showed significantly altered metabolic signatures compared with healthy controls. The abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and several fecal metabolites correlated negatively with the sexual desire score, while the number of Ruminococcaceae correlated positively with the sexual desire score in all subjects. Conclusions Our analysis of fecal samples from women with HSDD and healthy controls identified significantly different gut microbes and metabolic signatures. These preliminary findings could be useful for developing strategies to adjust the level of human sexual desire by modifying gut microbiota. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800020321; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=34267
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjian Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiran Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qunshan Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Li
- Taikang Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Guanxiong Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojin He
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Axén I, Björk Brämberg E, Galaasen Bakken A, Kwak L. Recruiting in intervention studies: challenges and solutions. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044702. [PMID: 33495262 PMCID: PMC7839899 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order for study results to be relevant for practice, the study participants should represent the source population. A common problem is recruitment of sufficient and representative subjects, threatening the external validity of the study and, ultimately, evidence-based practice. The aim was to highlight common challenges and to present possible solutions to recruitment. METHODS Using four recent randomised controlled trials as examples, common recruitment challenges were highlighted and solutions were proposed. The four studies represented some common and some specific challenges, but they investigated interventions for the prevention of the two major public health challenges of today: musculoskeletal pain and common mental disorders. RESULTS Identified challenges and suggested solutions were presented as a checklist to be used for future trials in order to aid recruitment and reporting thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iben Axén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lydia Kwak
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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