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Sanmarchi F, Toscano F, Fattorini M, Bucci A, Golinelli D. Distributed Solutions for a Reliable Data-Driven Transformation of Healthcare Management and Research. Front Public Health 2021; 9:710462. [PMID: 34307291 PMCID: PMC8294771 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.710462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Toscano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Mattia Fattorini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bucci
- Department of Economics, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Davide Golinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Boetto E, Golinelli D, Carullo G, Fantini MP. Frauds in scientific research and how to possibly overcome them. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2020; 47:medethics-2020-106639. [PMID: 33023976 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Frauds and misconduct have been common in the history of science. Recent events connected to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted how the risks and consequences of this are no longer acceptable. Two papers, addressing the treatment of COVID-19, have been published in two of the most prestigious medical journals; the authors declared to have analysed electronic health records from a private corporation, which apparently collected data of tens of thousands of patients, coming from hundreds of hospitals. Both papers have been retracted a few weeks later. When such events happen, the confidence of the population in scientific research is likely to be weakened. This paper highlights how the current system endangers the reliability of scientific research, and the very foundations of the trust system on which modern healthcare is based. Having shed light on the dangers of a system without appropriate monitoring, the proposed analysis suggests to strengthen the existing journal policies and improve the research process using new technologies supporting control activities by public authorities. Among these solutions, we mention the promising aspects of the blockchain technology which seems a promising solution to avoid the repetition of the mistakes linked to the recent and past history of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Boetto
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Golinelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gherardo Carullo
- Department of Italian and Supranational Public Law, University of Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lachmann A, Schilder BM, Wojciechowicz ML, Torre D, Kuleshov MV, Keenan AB, Ma'ayan A. Geneshot: search engine for ranking genes from arbitrary text queries. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:W571-W577. [PMID: 31114885 PMCID: PMC6602493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency by which genes are studied correlates with the prior knowledge accumulated about them. This leads to an imbalance in research attention where some genes are highly investigated while others are ignored. Geneshot is a search engine developed to illuminate this gap and to promote attention to the under-studied genome. Through a simple web interface, Geneshot enables researchers to enter arbitrary search terms, to receive ranked lists of genes relevant to the search terms. Returned ranked gene lists contain genes that were previously published in association with the search terms, as well as genes predicted to be associated with the terms based on data integration from multiple sources. The search results are presented with interactive visualizations. To predict gene function, Geneshot utilizes gene–gene similarity matrices from processed RNA-seq data, or from gene–gene co-occurrence data obtained from multiple sources. In addition, Geneshot can be used to analyze the novelty of gene sets and augment gene sets with additional relevant genes. The Geneshot web-server and API are freely and openly available from https://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/geneshot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lachmann
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Brian M Schilder
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Megan L Wojciechowicz
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Denis Torre
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Maxim V Kuleshov
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Alexandra B Keenan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029 USA
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